Misplaced Pages

#460539

86-558: AD Ports Group ( Arabic : مجموعة موانئ أبوظبي ; formerly Abu Dhabi Ports Company and ADPC ) is the exclusive developer and regulator of ports and related infrastructure in Abu Dhabi . Abu Dhabi Ports PJSC was established by Emiri Decree in 2006. Through organic growth and partnerships in 2021 AD Ports Group was established bringing together all subsidiaries as an integrated business across five clusters – Digital, Economic Cities & Free Zones, Logistics, Maritime and Ports. AD Ports Group

172-698: A $ 3.6 billion project to aim to reduce the carbon footprint of ADNOC's offshore production operations by more than 30%. Massar Solutions is a publicly traded global transportation and logistics company headquartered in UAE . It was formed as a limited company in 1998. A majority of the company's stock is owned by Abu Dhabi Investment Company and Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC (TAQA). Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC (TAQA) bought 49% shareholding in Massar solutions earlier called Al Wathba Company for Central Services PJSC. Massar Solutions started its operations in

258-765: A 15% interest in North Sea assets from the L11b Group and took over the operatorship of the L11b-A production platform. On 3 August 2009, TAQA took over operatorship of the North Sea Brent Oil Pipelines System . In addition, in 2006 TAQA acquired BP Nederland Energie B.V. Through this acquisition, TAQA now holds onshore and off-shore production assets, including the Piek Gas Installatie facility in Alkmaar ,

344-534: A 220 MW power plants in Takoradi , 220 km west of Accra . The plants capacity was increased to 330 MW with construction starting in 2013 and finishing in 2015. The plant now provides around 15% of Ghanas total generation capacity. In India, TAQA operates a 250 MW lignite-powered plant in Neyveli , Tamil Nadu , and has interest in the 100 MW Sorang hydro power project in the northern Himachal Pradesh state. The plant

430-562: A collection of related dialects that constitute the precursor of Arabic, first emerged during the Iron Age . Previously, the earliest attestation of Old Arabic was thought to be a single 1st century CE inscription in Sabaic script at Qaryat al-Faw , in southern present-day Saudi Arabia. However, this inscription does not participate in several of the key innovations of the Arabic language group, such as

516-435: A corpus of poetic texts, in addition to Qur'an usage and Bedouin informants whom he considered to be reliable speakers of the ʿarabiyya . Arabic spread with the spread of Islam . Following the early Muslim conquests , Arabic gained vocabulary from Middle Persian and Turkish . In the early Abbasid period , many Classical Greek terms entered Arabic through translations carried out at Baghdad's House of Wisdom . By

602-478: A feedering service through SAFEEN Feeders. Also within the cluster, Abu Dhabi Maritime governs and regulates Abu Dhabi's waters ensuring the implementation of maritime health and safety and maritime education and training for professionals and graduates is provided by Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy. In 2023 and 2024, AD Ports Group strategically expanded its footprint to South Asia with the signing of major concession agreements with Pakistan to operate deep-sea terminals at

688-483: A lesser extent and more recently from Turkish, English, French, and Italian. Arabic is spoken by as many as 380 million speakers, both native and non-native, in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world, and the fourth most used language on the internet in terms of users. It also serves as the liturgical language of more than 2 billion Muslims . In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Arabic

774-677: A millennium before the modern period . Early lexicographers ( لُغَوِيُّون lughawiyyūn ) sought to explain words in the Quran that were unfamiliar or had a particular contextual meaning, and to identify words of non-Arabic origin that appear in the Quran. They gathered shawāhid ( شَوَاهِد 'instances of attested usage') from poetry and the speech of the Arabs—particularly the Bedouin ʾaʿrāb  [ ar ] ( أَعْراب ) who were perceived to speak

860-523: A power plant in the Kurdistan region of Iraq . In 2014 Carl Sheldon left the company and handed over his responsibilities to Edward LaFehr, who took on the newly created role of Chief Operating Officer. LaFehr was previously President of TAQA's North America business. In 2016, LaFehr left TAQA and was replaced by acting COO, Al Dhaheri. In 2019, TAQA reported for Q1 a 95% decline profit because of foreign exchange losses and revaluation of its power assets in

946-462: A script derived from ASA attest to a language known as Hasaitic . On the northwestern frontier of Arabia, various languages known to scholars as Thamudic B , Thamudic D, Safaitic , and Hismaic are attested. The last two share important isoglosses with later forms of Arabic, leading scholars to theorize that Safaitic and Hismaic are early forms of Arabic and that they should be considered Old Arabic . Linguists generally believe that "Old Arabic",

SECTION 10

#1732847680461

1032-465: A single language, despite mutual incomprehensibility among differing spoken versions. From a linguistic standpoint, it is often said that the various spoken varieties of Arabic differ among each other collectively about as much as the Romance languages . This is an apt comparison in a number of ways. The period of divergence from a single spoken form is similar—perhaps 1500 years for Arabic, 2000 years for

1118-503: A type of Arabic. Cypriot Arabic is recognized as a minority language in Cyprus. The sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times provides a prime example of the linguistic phenomenon of diglossia , which is the normal use of two separate varieties of the same language, usually in different social situations. Tawleed is the process of giving a new shade of meaning to an old classical word. For example, al-hatif lexicographically means

1204-499: A variety of regional vernacular Arabic dialects , which are not necessarily mutually intelligible. Classical Arabic is the language found in the Quran , used from the period of Pre-Islamic Arabia to that of the Abbasid Caliphate . Classical Arabic is prescriptive, according to the syntactic and grammatical norms laid down by classical grammarians (such as Sibawayh ) and the vocabulary defined in classical dictionaries (such as

1290-470: A wider audience." In the wake of the industrial revolution and European hegemony and colonialism , pioneering Arabic presses, such as the Amiri Press established by Muhammad Ali (1819), dramatically changed the diffusion and consumption of Arabic literature and publications. Rifa'a al-Tahtawi proposed the establishment of Madrasat al-Alsun in 1836 and led a translation campaign that highlighted

1376-492: Is a government controlled energy holding company of Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates. TAQA (Arabic for Energy) is one of Abu Dhabi's flagship companies and as such has an important role to play in helping to deliver the economic strategy of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The company currently operates in 11 countries across four continents. The beginnings of TAQA lie within Abu Dhabi 's 1998 government initiative, seeking to privatize

1462-585: Is a minimum level of comprehension between all Arabic dialects, this level can increase or decrease based on geographic proximity: for example, Levantine and Gulf speakers understand each other much better than they do speakers from the Maghreb. The issue of diglossia between spoken and written language is a complicating factor: A single written form, differing sharply from any of the spoken varieties learned natively, unites several sometimes divergent spoken forms. For political reasons, Arabs mostly assert that they all speak

1548-542: Is a sister language rather than their direct ancestor. Arabia had a wide variety of Semitic languages in antiquity. The term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula , as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece . In the southwest, various Central Semitic languages both belonging to and outside the Ancient South Arabian family (e.g. Southern Thamudic) were spoken. It

1634-469: Is believed that the ancestors of the Modern South Arabian languages (non-Central Semitic languages) were spoken in southern Arabia at this time. To the north, in the oases of northern Hejaz , Dadanitic and Taymanitic held some prestige as inscriptional languages. In Najd and parts of western Arabia, a language known to scholars as Thamudic C is attested. In eastern Arabia, inscriptions in

1720-408: Is credited with establishing the rules of Arabic prosody . Al-Jahiz (776–868) proposed to Al-Akhfash al-Akbar an overhaul of the grammar of Arabic, but it would not come to pass for two centuries. The standardization of Arabic reached completion around the end of the 8th century. The first comprehensive description of the ʿarabiyya "Arabic", Sībawayhi's al - Kitāb , is based first of all upon

1806-468: Is credited with standardizing Arabic grammar , or an-naḥw ( النَّحو "the way" ), and pioneering a system of diacritics to differentiate consonants ( نقط الإعجام nuqaṭu‿l-i'jām "pointing for non-Arabs") and indicate vocalization ( التشكيل at-tashkīl ). Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (718–786) compiled the first Arabic dictionary, Kitāb al-'Ayn ( كتاب العين "The Book of the Letter ع "), and

SECTION 20

#1732847680461

1892-478: Is derived from Classical Arabic . This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-ʿarabiyyatu l-fuṣḥā ( اَلعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ "the eloquent Arabic") or simply al-fuṣḥā ( اَلْفُصْحَىٰ ). Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of

1978-566: Is not present in the spoken varieties, but deletes Classical words that sound obsolete in MSA. In addition, MSA has borrowed or coined many terms for concepts that did not exist in Quranic times, and MSA continues to evolve. Some words have been borrowed from other languages—notice that transliteration mainly indicates spelling and not real pronunciation (e.g., فِلْم film 'film' or ديمقراطية dīmuqrāṭiyyah 'democracy'). The current preference

2064-883: Is official in Mali and recognized as a minority language in Morocco, while the Senegalese government adopted the Latin script to write it. Maltese is official in (predominantly Catholic ) Malta and written with the Latin script . Linguists agree that it is a variety of spoken Arabic, descended from Siculo-Arabic , though it has experienced extensive changes as a result of sustained and intensive contact with Italo-Romance varieties, and more recently also with English. Due to "a mix of social, cultural, historical, political, and indeed linguistic factors", many Maltese people today consider their language Semitic but not

2150-405: Is operated by Karachi Gateway Terminal Multipurpose at berths 11-17. Both the operators being majority owned subsidiaries of AD Ports Group. The board members are: Khalifa Sultan Al Suwaidi Board Member Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer at Abu Dhabi Growth Fund (ADG); Chairman of Agthia Group. H.E. Mohamed Ibrahim Al Hammadi Board Member, Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of

2236-785: Is powered by the Sorang Khad river. The stakes were acquired by TAQA in 2014 for around $ 600 million from the Indian Jaypee Group . TAQA holds a majority share (53.2%) and is operator of the Atrush block located 85 km northwest of Erbil in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Initial production is expected to be approximately 30,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. TAQA acquired the interest for $ 600 million from an affiliate of Aspect Holdings in 2012. TAQA operates different assets in Canada and

2322-759: Is seen in European languages (mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese , Catalan , and Sicilian ) owing to the proximity of Europe and the long-lasting Arabic cultural and linguistic presence, mainly in Southern Iberia, during the Al-Andalus era. Maltese is a Semitic language developed from a dialect of Arabic and written in the Latin alphabet . The Balkan languages, including Albanian, Greek , Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian , have also acquired many words of Arabic origin, mainly through direct contact with Ottoman Turkish . Arabic has influenced languages across

2408-695: Is sold under fixed power and water purchase agreements (PWPAs) to Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Company (ADWEC). Further power plants operated in other countries currently consist of one plant in Morocco (85.79% ownership), one in Oman (40%), one in India (99.9%), one in Saudi Arabia (25%), one in Ghana (90%) and two in the USA (JV with output rights / 50%). TAQA owns a 40% stake in

2494-544: Is the companies engaged in power generation, water desalination, and production and storage of oil and gas. In addition, it has invested in the mining, metal, and service sector. TAQA has investments in over 60 companies. Its principal wholly owned subsidiaries include Emirates Power Company, Gulf Power Company, Arabian United Power Company, Al Shuweihat Power Company, Taweelah United Power Company, Union Power Holding Company, TAQA Bratani Limited, TAQA Energy B.V., TAQA North Ltd. and Takoradi International Company, operator of

2580-584: Is the variety used in most current, printed Arabic publications, spoken by some of the Arabic media across North Africa and the Middle East, and understood by most educated Arabic speakers. "Literary Arabic" and "Standard Arabic" ( فُصْحَى fuṣḥá ) are less strictly defined terms that may refer to Modern Standard Arabic or Classical Arabic. Some of the differences between Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) are as follows: MSA uses much Classical vocabulary (e.g., dhahaba 'to go') that

2666-413: Is to avoid direct borrowings, preferring to either use loan translations (e.g., فرع farʻ 'branch', also used for the branch of a company or organization; جناح janāḥ 'wing', is also used for the wing of an airplane, building, air force, etc.), or to coin new words using forms within existing roots ( استماتة istimātah ' apoptosis ', using the root موت m/w/t 'death' put into

AD Ports Group - Misplaced Pages Continue

2752-516: Is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the industrial and post-industrial era , especially in modern times. Due to its grounding in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic is removed over a millennium from everyday speech, which is construed as a multitude of dialects of this language. These dialects and Modern Standard Arabic are described by some scholars as not mutually comprehensible. The former are usually acquired in families, while

2838-445: The Lisān al-ʻArab ). Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary

2924-604: The Emirate 's water and electricity sector. Following the establishment of the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA). TAQA was founded in June 2005 pursuant to the provisions of an Emiri Decree in 2005 as a public joint stock company. ADWEA served as the founding shareholder , holding 51% of the company. In May 2006 TAQA appointed Peter E. Barker-Homek, an American businessman, as its first CEO. TAQA expanded quickly under

3010-707: The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC). Captain Mohamed Juma Al Shamisi , managing director and Group CEO, AD Ports Group. Joined in 2008, appointed CEO in 2014. Chairman of Aramex PJSC, ADNEC and KEZAD Group. Jasim Husain Thabet Board Member, Chief Executive Officer of TAQA ; board member at EWEC. Mansour Mohamed Abdulqader Al Mulla Board Member, managing director and Chief Executive Officer, EDGE Group . Najeeba Al Jabri Board Member, Vice President – Technical Midstream of

3096-573: The Port of Karachi . The concessions cover the operation of a container terminal under a 50-year term and a bulk and general cargo terminal under a 25-year term extendable to an equal term. Altogether the concessions grant a continuous quay length of about 2300 meters on the East Wharf of the Port of Karachi. The container terminal is operated by Karachi Gateway Terminal at berths 6-10. The bulk and general cargo terminal

3182-802: The Sohar Aluminum smelter and the connected 1,000 MW Sohar Aluminum Power Plant (SAPP), whose output is mostly used to power the aluminum plant, that has a production of around 360,000 tons of aluminum per year. The stake was acquired in 2010. In Saudi Arabia, TAQA owns a 25% stake in the 250 MW Jubail power plant, which powers the SADAF Petrochemical Plant. In addition to the Persian Gulf region, TAQA has assets in Europe , Asia and Africa and America, including investments in Canada , Netherlands ,

3268-680: The Takoradi Power Station II . Through the acquisition of CMS Generation, TAQA has assets in the UAE , Ghana , Morocco , Saudi Arabia and India . TAQAs business roots lie in the local power and water desalination plants in Abu Dhabi. The company supplies around 85% of the Emirates power and 90% of water demands, through the operation of eight power and desalination plants in the UAE . The plants are 54% owned by TAQA, 6% by ADWEA and 40% by various international shareholders. All productions

3354-643: The UK and the USA . It has interests in the Tern Alpha , Eider Alpha, Cormorant North, Cormorant Alpha, Kestrel and Pelican fields and related sub-sea satellite fields in the North Sea . Through the subsidiary Jorf Lasfar Energy Company (JLEC), TAQA supplies around 50% of Moroccos electricity demands and operation at the Jorf Lasfar power station was expanded from 1,356 to 2,056 MW capacity in 2014. In Ghana, TAQA operates

3440-561: The Xth form , or جامعة jāmiʻah 'university', based on جمع jamaʻa 'to gather, unite'; جمهورية jumhūriyyah 'republic', based on جمهور jumhūr 'multitude'). An earlier tendency was to redefine an older word although this has fallen into disuse (e.g., هاتف hātif 'telephone' < 'invisible caller (in Sufism)'; جريدة jarīdah 'newspaper' < 'palm-leaf stalk'). Colloquial or dialectal Arabic refers to

3526-494: The northern Hejaz . These features are evidence of common descent from a hypothetical ancestor , Proto-Arabic . The following features of Proto-Arabic can be reconstructed with confidence: On the other hand, several Arabic varieties are closer to other Semitic languages and maintain features not found in Classical Arabic, indicating that these varieties cannot have developed from Classical Arabic. Thus, Arabic vernaculars do not descend from Classical Arabic: Classical Arabic

AD Ports Group - Misplaced Pages Continue

3612-419: The "learned" tradition (Classical Arabic). This variety and both its classicizing and "lay" iterations have been termed Middle Arabic in the past, but they are thought to continue an Old Higazi register. It is clear that the orthography of the Quran was not developed for the standardized form of Classical Arabic; rather, it shows the attempt on the part of writers to record an archaic form of Old Higazi. In

3698-751: The "purest," most eloquent form of Arabic—initiating a process of jamʿu‿l-luɣah ( جمع اللغة 'compiling the language') which took place over the 8th and early 9th centuries. Kitāb al-'Ayn ( c.  8th century ), attributed to Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi , is considered the first lexicon to include all Arabic roots ; it sought to exhaust all possible root permutations —later called taqālīb ( تقاليب ) — calling those that are actually used mustaʿmal ( مستعمَل ) and those that are not used muhmal ( مُهمَل ). Lisān al-ʿArab (1290) by Ibn Manzur gives 9,273 roots, while Tāj al-ʿArūs (1774) by Murtada az-Zabidi gives 11,978 roots. TAQA The Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, PJSC ( TAQA )

3784-454: The 11th and 12th centuries in al-Andalus , the zajal and muwashah poetry forms developed in the dialectical Arabic of Cordoba and the Maghreb. The Nahda was a cultural and especially literary renaissance of the 19th century in which writers sought "to fuse Arabic and European forms of expression." According to James L. Gelvin , " Nahda writers attempted to simplify the Arabic language and script so that it might be accessible to

3870-562: The 4th to the 6th centuries, the Nabataean script evolved into the Arabic script recognizable from the early Islamic era. There are inscriptions in an undotted, 17-letter Arabic script dating to the 6th century CE, found at four locations in Syria ( Zabad , Jebel Usays , Harran , Umm el-Jimal ). The oldest surviving papyrus in Arabic dates to 643 CE, and it uses dots to produce the modern 28-letter Arabic alphabet. The language of that papyrus and of

3956-812: The 8th century, knowledge of Classical Arabic had become an essential prerequisite for rising into the higher classes throughout the Islamic world, both for Muslims and non-Muslims. For example, Maimonides , the Andalusi Jewish philosopher, authored works in Judeo-Arabic —Arabic written in Hebrew script . Ibn Jinni of Mosul , a pioneer in phonology , wrote prolifically in the 10th century on Arabic morphology and phonology in works such as Kitāb Al-Munṣif , Kitāb Al-Muḥtasab , and Kitāb Al-Khaṣāʾiṣ    [ ar ] . Ibn Mada' of Cordoba (1116–1196) realized

4042-560: The Advanced Trade and Logistics Platform (ATLP) designed to unify trade and logistics services across Abu Dhabi, including sea, land, air, and industrial and free zones. The Economic Cities & Free Zones Cluster oversees the operations of KEZAD Group the largest integrated trade, logistics and industrial hub in the region. The Cluster provides a hub for manufacturing, logistics and trade with more than 550 km of land including 100 km designated as Free Zone. In 2021, KEZAD Group Communities

4128-691: The Design and Build for the office in the UAE. Their office space, meticulously designed and built by Horton Interiors, caters to the diverse needs of both back-of-house working staff and front-of-house maintenance teams. Notable members of the board of directors of the company are as follows: TAQA is listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange . The company is 75.1% indirectly owned by the government of Abu Dhabi. The government of Abu Dhabi through ADWEA owns 51%, ADWEA transferred 21.7% of its shareholding to

4214-740: The Emirates Global Aluminium Group. Arabic language Arabic (endonym: اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ , romanized :  al-ʿarabiyyah , pronounced [al ʕaraˈbijːa] , or عَرَبِيّ , ʿarabīy , pronounced [ˈʕarabiː] or [ʕaraˈbij] ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world . The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic , including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic , which

4300-633: The Fund for the Support of Farm Owners in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Shareholders. 0.3% are owned by other Government related entities. The balance (25.9%) is traded publicly on the Abu Dhabi Securities Market, which is limited to Emirati nationals. Standard & Poor's has assigned A+/A-1 corporate credit ratings to TAQA. Moody's has assigned a rating of Aa3 to TAQA's long term foreign and local currency obligations. TAQA's main focus of investments

4386-412: The Middle East and North Africa have become a badge of sophistication and modernity and ... feigning, or asserting, weakness or lack of facility in Arabic is sometimes paraded as a sign of status, class, and perversely, even education through a mélange of code-switching practises." Arabic has been taught worldwide in many elementary and secondary schools, especially Muslim schools. Universities around

SECTION 50

#1732847680461

4472-770: The Middle East division of Noatum Logistics, a global integrated supply chain services provider, which operates a growing network of over 90 offices located across over 25 countries, serving all major global markets and trade lanes. The Ports Cluster owns and operates 10 terminals and ports in the UAE. The Ports Cluster has partnerships with local and global partners including ADNOC , COSCO SHIPPING Ports , CMA CGM Group, Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) and Autoterminal Barcelona. The Maritime Cluster provides maritime services through SAFEEN including pilotage, bunkering, harbour tugs and towing, Vessel Traffic Services (VTS), transshipment, offshore and onshore logistics and support. Specialised offshore services are catered for by OFCO and

4558-672: The Qur'an is referred to by linguists as "Quranic Arabic", as distinct from its codification soon thereafter into " Classical Arabic ". In late pre-Islamic times, a transdialectal and transcommunal variety of Arabic emerged in the Hejaz , which continued living its parallel life after literary Arabic had been institutionally standardized in the 2nd and 3rd century of the Hijra , most strongly in Judeo-Christian texts, keeping alive ancient features eliminated from

4644-561: The Romance languages. Also, while it is comprehensible to people from the Maghreb , a linguistically innovative variety such as Moroccan Arabic is essentially incomprehensible to Arabs from the Mashriq , much as French is incomprehensible to Spanish or Italian speakers but relatively easily learned by them. This suggests that the spoken varieties may linguistically be considered separate languages. With

4730-446: The Tern, Eider, Cormorant North, South Cormorant, Kestrel and Pelican fields and related sub-sea satellite fields. In late 2009, Barker-Homek relinquished his position as CEO and was replaced by Carl Sheldon . Sheldon had joined TAQA as General Counsel in 2008. In 2010, Barker-Homek sued TAQA under breach of contract allegations, claiming that he was fired because he spoke out against "fraudulent and unethical practices" at TAQA and

4816-473: The US. In H1 2019 revenues by 5% compared to H1 2018. In July 2020, TAQA and ADPower announced the successful completion of their merger. This created one of the largest utilities in the region. Its total assets are estimated at AED 200 billion, making Taqa the third largest listed company in the UAE and one of the top ten utilities in Europe , Middle East and Africa ( EMEA ). In December 2021, TAQA and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company ( ADNOC ) announced

4902-444: The United Nations , and the liturgical language of Islam . Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. During the Middle Ages , Arabic was a major vehicle of culture and learning, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have borrowed words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary,

4988-433: The United States. Operations on the continent are focused on conventional oil and gas exploration, and production and power generation. In the US, the company has invested in the Red Oak Power plant in Sayerville, New Jersey (85%) and the Lakefield wind farm in Jackson County, Minnesota . In Canada, its investments lie within the oil and gas development of fields around Calgary and British Columbia , which began with

5074-410: The acquisition of Northrock Resources for $ 2 billion, Pioneer Natural Resources Canada (Pioneer Canada) for $ 540 million and the PrimeWest Energy Trust (PrimeWest) for C$ 4.6 billion in 2007. On January 3, 2013, TAQA signed an agreement with Turkey to invest about $ 12 billion to develop the coal fields in the Southern Turkey. This deal is considered as the second biggest Arab investment in Turkey in

5160-509: The conversion of Semitic mimation to nunation in the singular. It is best reassessed as a separate language on the Central Semitic dialect continuum. It was also thought that Old Arabic coexisted alongside—and then gradually displaced— epigraphic Ancient North Arabian (ANA), which was theorized to have been the regional tongue for many centuries. ANA, despite its name, was considered a very distinct language, and mutually unintelligible, from "Arabic". Scholars named its variant dialects after

5246-412: The emergence of Central Semitic languages, particularly in grammar. Innovations of the Central Semitic languages—all maintained in Arabic—include: There are several features which Classical Arabic, the modern Arabic varieties, as well as the Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions share which are unattested in any other Central Semitic language variety, including the Dadanitic and Taymanitic languages of

SECTION 60

#1732847680461

5332-447: The energy sector. In August 2013, TAQA said it would delay the planned investment amid difficult financing conditions at a time of currency volatility in emerging markets including Turkey. TAQA started operations in Europe by acquiring different gas exploration and production (E&P) assets from BP Netherlands in 2007. Further investments followed in the UK and Scotland in subsequent years (2008-2011). In August 2009, it bought

5418-728: The eve of the conquests: Northern and Central (Al-Jallad 2009). The modern dialects emerged from a new contact situation produced following the conquests. Instead of the emergence of a single or multiple koines, the dialects contain several sedimentary layers of borrowed and areal features, which they absorbed at different points in their linguistic histories. According to Veersteegh and Bickerton, colloquial Arabic dialects arose from pidginized Arabic formed from contact between Arabs and conquered peoples. Pidginization and subsequent creolization among Arabs and arabized peoples could explain relative morphological and phonological simplicity of vernacular Arabic compared to Classical and MSA. In around

5504-447: The fact that they participate in the innovations common to all forms of Arabic. The earliest attestation of continuous Arabic text in an ancestor of the modern Arabic script are three lines of poetry by a man named Garm(')allāhe found in En Avdat, Israel , and dated to around 125 CE. This is followed by the Namara inscription , an epitaph of the Lakhmid king Imru' al-Qays bar 'Amro, dating to 328 CE, found at Namaraa, Syria. From

5590-403: The fourth most useful language for business, after English, Mandarin Chinese , and French. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet , an abjad script that is written from right to left . Arabic is usually classified as a Central Semitic language . Linguists still differ as to the best classification of Semitic language sub-groups. The Semitic languages changed between Proto-Semitic and

5676-742: The globe throughout its history, especially languages where Islam is the predominant religion and in countries that were conquered by Muslims. The most markedly influenced languages are Persian , Turkish , Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu ), Kashmiri , Kurdish , Bosnian , Kazakh , Bengali , Malay ( Indonesian and Malaysian ), Maldivian , Pashto , Punjabi , Albanian , Armenian , Azerbaijani , Sicilian, Spanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog , Sindhi , Odia , Hebrew and African languages such as Hausa , Amharic , Tigrinya , Somali , Tamazight , and Swahili . Conversely, Arabic has borrowed some words (mostly nouns) from other languages, including its sister-language Aramaic, Persian, Greek, and Latin and to

5762-483: The guidance of Barker-Homek, making several key acquisitions in Africa and North America . In Canada , TAQA acquired Northrock Resources Ltd.(US$ 2 billion), Pioneer Natural Resources Canada Inc (US$ 540 million) and PrimeWest Energy Trust (US$ 5 billion). In 2008 TAQA acquired several North Sea assets from Shell U.K. Limited and Esso Exploration and Production (UK) Limited. The purchase included all equity, associated infrastructure and production licenses relating to

5848-420: The inclusion of new words into their published standard dictionaries. They also publish old and historical Arabic manuscripts. In 1997, a bureau of Arabization standardization was added to the Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization of the Arab League . These academies and organizations have worked toward the Arabization of the sciences, creating terms in Arabic to describe new concepts, toward

5934-558: The language. Software and books with tapes are an important part of Arabic learning, as many of Arabic learners may live in places where there are no academic or Arabic language school classes available. Radio series of Arabic language classes are also provided from some radio stations. A number of websites on the Internet provide online classes for all levels as a means of distance education; most teach Modern Standard Arabic, but some teach regional varieties from numerous countries. The tradition of Arabic lexicography extended for about

6020-550: The late 6th century AD, a relatively uniform intertribal "poetic koine" distinct from the spoken vernaculars developed based on the Bedouin dialects of Najd , probably in connection with the court of al-Ḥīra . During the first Islamic century, the majority of Arabic poets and Arabic-writing persons spoke Arabic as their mother tongue. Their texts, although mainly preserved in far later manuscripts, contain traces of non-standardized Classical Arabic elements in morphology and syntax. Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali ( c.  603 –689)

6106-420: The latter is taught in formal education settings. However, there have been studies reporting some degree of comprehension of stories told in the standard variety among preschool-aged children. The relation between Modern Standard Arabic and these dialects is sometimes compared to that of Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin vernaculars (which became Romance languages ) in medieval and early modern Europe. MSA

6192-883: The many national or regional varieties which constitute the everyday spoken language. Colloquial Arabic has many regional variants; geographically distant varieties usually differ enough to be mutually unintelligible , and some linguists consider them distinct languages. However, research indicates a high degree of mutual intelligibility between closely related Arabic variants for native speakers listening to words, sentences, and texts; and between more distantly related dialects in interactional situations. The varieties are typically unwritten. They are often used in informal spoken media, such as soap operas and talk shows , as well as occasionally in certain forms of written media such as poetry and printed advertising. Hassaniya Arabic , Maltese , and Cypriot Arabic are only varieties of modern Arabic to have acquired official recognition. Hassaniya

6278-768: The need for a lexical injection in Arabic, to suit concepts of the industrial and post-industrial age (such as sayyārah سَيَّارَة 'automobile' or bākhirah باخِرة 'steamship'). In response, a number of Arabic academies modeled after the Académie française were established with the aim of developing standardized additions to the Arabic lexicon to suit these transformations, first in Damascus (1919), then in Cairo (1932), Baghdad (1948), Rabat (1960), Amman (1977), Khartum  [ ar ] (1993), and Tunis (1993). They review language development, monitor new words and approve

6364-424: The one whose sound is heard but whose person remains unseen. Now the term al-hatif is used for a telephone. Therefore, the process of tawleed can express the needs of modern civilization in a manner that would appear to be originally Arabic. In the case of Arabic, educated Arabs of any nationality can be assumed to speak both their school-taught Standard Arabic as well as their native dialects, which depending on

6450-549: The overhaul of Arabic grammar first proposed by Al-Jahiz 200 years prior. The Maghrebi lexicographer Ibn Manzur compiled Lisān al-ʿArab ( لسان العرب , "Tongue of Arabs"), a major reference dictionary of Arabic, in 1290. Charles Ferguson 's koine theory claims that the modern Arabic dialects collectively descend from a single military koine that sprang up during the Islamic conquests; this view has been challenged in recent times. Ahmad al-Jallad proposes that there were at least two considerably distinct types of Arabic on

6536-548: The project of the largest offshore LNG Regas facilities utilizing the depleted field P15/P18 just off the port of Rotterdam , and partnership in the Bergermeer gas storage project. TAQA operates Gas Storage Bergermeer , which is Europes largest, open-access, gas storage facility with 46- terawatt-hours (TWh) of seasonal storage capacity. The facility is operated in cooperation with Gazprom . In November 2012, BP sold its stakes in several U.K North Sea oil and gas fields (with

6622-410: The region may be mutually unintelligible. Some of these dialects can be considered to constitute separate languages which may have "sub-dialects" of their own. When educated Arabs of different dialects engage in conversation (for example, a Moroccan speaking with a Lebanese), many speakers code-switch back and forth between the dialectal and standard varieties of the language, sometimes even within

6708-458: The same sentence. The issue of whether Arabic is one language or many languages is politically charged, in the same way it is for the varieties of Chinese , Hindi and Urdu , Serbian and Croatian , Scots and English, etc. In contrast to speakers of Hindi and Urdu who claim they cannot understand each other even when they can, speakers of the varieties of Arabic will claim they can all understand each other even when they cannot. While there

6794-458: The sole example of Medieval linguist Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati – who, while a scholar of the Arabic language, was not ethnically Arab – Medieval scholars of the Arabic language made no efforts at studying comparative linguistics, considering all other languages inferior. In modern times, the educated upper classes in the Arab world have taken a nearly opposite view. Yasir Suleiman wrote in 2011 that "studying and knowing English or French in most of

6880-556: The standardization of these new terms throughout the Arabic-speaking world, and toward the development of Arabic as a world language . This gave rise to what Western scholars call Modern Standard Arabic. From the 1950s, Arabization became a postcolonial nationalist policy in countries such as Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Sudan. Arabic usually refers to Standard Arabic, which Western linguists divide into Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. It could also refer to any of

6966-501: The towns where the inscriptions were discovered (Dadanitic, Taymanitic, Hismaic, Safaitic). However, most arguments for a single ANA language or language family were based on the shape of the definite article, a prefixed h-. It has been argued that the h- is an archaism and not a shared innovation, and thus unsuitable for language classification, rendering the hypothesis of an ANA language family untenable. Safaitic and Hismaic, previously considered ANA, should be considered Old Arabic due to

7052-451: The world have classes that teach Arabic as part of their foreign languages , Middle Eastern studies , and religious studies courses. Arabic language schools exist to assist students to learn Arabic outside the academic world. There are many Arabic language schools in the Arab world and other Muslim countries. Because the Quran is written in Arabic and all Islamic terms are in Arabic, millions of Muslims (both Arab and non-Arab) study

7138-585: The year 1998 and manages a fleet of 16000 vehicles. In 1998, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi moved the water and electricity sector into the private sector, Massar was integrated as an exclusively owned subsidiary of Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority. In the year 2005, Abu Dhabi Investment Company purchased 51% shares of Massar from Abu Dhabi Power Corporation, a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority. Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC (TAQA) bought 49% shareholding in Massar. In Nov 2021, Massar Solutions hired Horton Interiors to provide

7224-447: Was established as an employee accommodation provider. AD Ports Group acquired MICCO Logistics in 2020 to bolster its logistics capabilities and service offerings. In 2023, the Group acquired Noatum, a leading multinational provider specializing in transport, comprehensive logistics, and port operations services, to operate its Logistics Cluster. MICCO Logistics was subsequently integrated into

7310-467: Was publicly listed on 8th February 2022 (Ticker: ADPORTS on Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX)). Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company (ADQ), one of the region's largest holding companies, is the majority shareholder. AD Ports Group has five integrated business clusters Digital, Economic Cities & Free Zones, Logistics, Maritime and Ports. Under the supervision of Abu Dhabi's Department of Economic Development, Maqta Gateway have developed and operates

7396-514: Was threatened with arrest and imprisonment if he had not signed his severance agreement to leave the company. The lawsuit was dismissed by Michigans District Court Judge John Corbett O'Meara in 2011. In 2010, following huge investments and an asset increase of more than 300% between 2005 and 2008 (to $ 23 billion), Sheldon announced a "period of consolidation" and "organic growth", focusing on operational profitability. In 2012, TAQA sold their Tesla shares in order to finance investments into

#460539