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25-524: (Redirected from A-45 ) A45 or A-45 may refer to: A45 Infantry Support Tank , the chassis of which was developed into the Conqueror tank A45 Records , a German record label notably producing the band Real McCoy Article 45 Concern Group , a political party in Hong Kong Indian Defence , Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code A45 AMG ,

50-465: A distance of 1,000 yards (910 m), and 290 mm (11 in) of penetration at 2,000 yards (1,800 m), equating to a line of sight penetration of 330 mm and 290 mm respectively. Against sloped armour, the APDS had reduced effectiveness: penetrating 87 mm (3.4 in) and 77 mm (3.0 in) of RHA at 1,000 yd (910 m) and 2,000 yd (1,800 m) respectively, against

75-675: A performance compact car produced by Mercedes-Benz Sisu A-45 , a Finnish military truck Roads A45 road , a road connecting Birmingham and Thrapston in England Autovía A-45 , a road connecting Malaga and Cordoba in Spain Bundesautobahn 45 , a road connecting Dortmund and Aschaffenburg in Germany A45 autoroute , a proposed motorway connecting Lyon and Saint-Étienne in France [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

100-456: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages A45 Infantry Support Tank The FV 214 Conqueror , also known as tank, heavy No. 1, 120 mm gun, Conqueror was a British heavy tank of the post-World War II era. It was developed as a response to the Soviet IS-3 heavy tank. The Conqueror's main armament, an L1 120 mm gun,

125-586: Is not on display. There was formerly a Conqueror gate guardian at Base Vehicle Depot Ludgershall – informally known as "William". It is now part of the Isle of Wight Military Museum. A Conqueror ARV remained in service at the Amphibious Experimental Establishment AXE, at Instow in North Devon, UK. It was used for beach tank recovery practice. At least one Conqueror exists in poor condition on

150-568: The Charioteer , it ran through two models: The L7 105 mm tank gun was developed from the 20 pounder. In 1954, the original version of the 105 mm was made by re-boring the tube of a 20 pounder barrel. The gun was fitted predominantly to the Centurion tank, first seeing action in 1950 with British Army units during the Korean War and Suez Crisis (1956). In 1956, detailed intelligence on

175-701: The L7 105 mm gun the tactical relevance of the Conqueror, and dedicated heavy gun tanks in general, faded as the Main Battle Tank rose to prominence. The variants of the Conqueror tank and developments directly related to its development are: In the United Kingdom , Conqueror tanks are displayed at The Tank Museum , Bovington, at the Land Warfare Hall of the Imperial War Museum Duxford and at

200-420: The 105 mm L7 tank gun, which was designed to fit specifically into the turret mountings of the 20 pounder, facilitating retrofitting to existing tanks. During the development of its successor, the 20 pounder continued in front-line service and was even trialed in other fighting vehicles. One was fitted to a Swiss pre-production Panzer 58 , replacing a domestic 90 mm Kanone 1948 gun. (However,

225-1020: The Defence Capability Centre in Shrivenham. Other tanks are in the collections of the Musée des Blindés in France, the Gunfire Museum in Brasschaat , Belgium (a Mark 2), the Kubinka Tank Museum , Russia, and the Royal Tank Museum, Amman, Jordan. One is privately owned in the United States as part of the Littlefield Collection and another is in use as a gate guardian outside the Royal Tank Regiment Officers' Mess, which

250-735: The Panzer 58 was later equipped with the 105 mm L7. ) Between 1968 and 1971, Mk III Centurions of the Australian Army, equipped with the original 20 pounder, saw action during the Vietnam War . In the context of counterinsurgency operations in South Vietnam , the 84 mm ammunition of the 20 pounder was considered suitable for the armoured fire support role. ( North Vietnamese tanks did not operate in South Vietnam until later stages of

275-504: The TPKU-2 and TKN-3, on all of their post–World War II tanks, though theirs did not include a rangefinder. It was the largest and heaviest tank used by the British Army at the time the first Conqueror was completed in 1955. In all, before production ceased in 1959, 20 Mark 1 and 165 Mark 2 Conquerors were built, including those converted from Caernarvons. Once the Centurion was upgraded to use

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300-434: The cupola on a target independently of the turret, measure the range with a coincidence rangefinder , and then direct the gunner on to the new lay mechanically indicated to him by the cupola. In theory, when the gunner traversed to the new lay, he would find the target already under his sights, ready to be engaged. Meanwhile, the commander was free to search for the next target. The Soviet bloc also used similar devices, such as

325-722: The grounds of Kirkcudbright Training Area in Scotland, where it was used as a gunnery target. A number of Conquerors remain on the Haltern Training area in Germany. Norman, Michael, AFV Profile No. 38 Conqueror Heavy Gun Tank , Profile Publications Background: History of the tank , Tank classification , Tanks in the Cold War QF 20 pounder The gun was developed by the Royal Ordnance Factories. As fitted to

350-450: The initiation of the A ;45 program in 1944, for a heavy infantry tank to complement the A 41. This new design was to be based on that of the A 41, sharing as many components as possible but on a larger and more heavily armoured vehicle. As WWII came to a close, the project was redesignated FV 200 and reworked to fulfill the role of a "Universal Tank" capable of serving as the as

375-512: The new turret would not be ready until at least 1954. In order to familiarise crews with the new tanks a production order was placed for the hulls, which in 1952 were combined with 20 pounder -armed Centurion Mk 3 turrets to produce the FV ;221 Caernarvon Mark I . The Caernarvon was only used for chassis development work serving in troop trials. In 1955, the first Conqueror was produced. The new, larger-calibre gun design chosen for Conqueror

400-458: The platform for a variety of specialist vehicle types ( self-propelled artillery , armoured personnel carrier , various armoured recovery vehicles , gun tractor etc.). The main gun tank of the series, the FV 201, was to be armed with the 20 pounder . By 1949 however, with several of the specialist variants being cancelled due to escalating costs, the Centurion now also receiving the 20 pounder and

425-447: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A45&oldid=975328581 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

450-700: The then-new Soviet T-54A main battle tank was obtained by the British military, after Hungarian rebels drove to the British embassy in Budapest , during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Analysis of the T-54's armour suggested that the 20 pounder would be ineffective at penetrating the latest Soviet armour. The 100 mm gun wielded by the T-54 was also assessed. The Centurion's earliest combat experiences and intelligence on Soviet armour and tank guns led to development of

475-513: The vehicle very heavy, giving it a relatively low top speed and making it unreliable. Also, few bridges could support its weight. However, rather like the Second World War Churchill tank , the Conqueror had exceptional terrain handling characteristics. One feature of particular note was the rotating commander's cupola, which was at the heart of the Conqueror's fire control system and was advanced for its time. The commander could align

500-503: The vehicle was no longer being considered a match for newer Soviet types, the decision was made to shelve the program. Despite the cancellation of the FV201 there was still a pressing need for a new heavy gun tank, now requiring a 120 mm armament. Due to the urgency of the situation with the Soviets the existing hull design was repurposed for the new specification, however it was estimated that

525-450: The war.) The 20 pounder's APCBC projectile had an initial muzzle velocity of 1,020 metres per second and could penetrate 210 mm (8.3 in) of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA). However, these conventional rounds were rarely used. The APDS projectile had a muzzle velocity of 1,465 m/s (4,810 ft/s) and the APDS Mk.3 could penetrate 330 mm (13 in) of RHA at

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550-558: Was larger than the 20-pounder (83.4 mm) gun carried by its peer, the Centurion . The Conqueror's role was to provide long range anti-tank support for the Centurion. Nine Conquerors were issued for each regiment in Germany, usually grouped in three tank troops. In the British Army both the Conqueror and the Centurion were replaced by the Chieftain . The Conqueror's origins trace back to

575-414: Was mounted coaxially with the main gun while the other was fitted to the commander's cupola. The armour was very heavy for the time, especially in the front, where it could be up to either 18.8 or 26.7 inches (480 – 680 mm) thick in the horizontal plane, depending on the source. Unfortunately, this, along with the weight of the huge turret required to house the large gun and the very large hull volume, made

600-594: Was restored by 2nd Royal Tank Regiment Light Aid Detachment (REME) in 2009, having previously been in a deteriorating state at Castlemartin Ranges (where it had previously been the guardian "Romulus" before being replaced by a German Leopard MBT). There are also two MkII ARVs at the Military History Museum on the Isle of Wight in an unrestored condition. A MkII ARV is held by the REME Museum of Technology , although it

625-632: Was the Royal Ordnance OQF 120mm Tank L1 , a British adaptation of the American M58 gun used on the US M103 heavy tank ; using two-piece ammunition. The charge was not bagged but supplied in a brass cartridge, which offered some safety advantages, but reduced shell capacity to 35. Secondary armament was provided in a pair of L3A1 machine guns , the British designation for the Browning M1919A4. One

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