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64-541: Teddy Pierre-Marie Riner ( / ˈ r iː n ər / , French: [tedi pjɛʁ maʁi ʁinœʁ] ; born 7 April 1989) is a French heavyweight judoka . An eleven-time world champion in the heavyweight (+100 kg) division, two-time openweight world champion and one-time world champion with the French men's team , he is the first and only judoka in history to win twelve gold medals at the World Judo Championships . He

128-474: A budō ( 武道 , martial way) . Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasized the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques. He was convinced that practice of jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general. He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of jujutsu: At

192-420: A Waza is known as tori ( 取り , literally "taker") and the person to whom it is performed is known as uke ( 受け , "receiver") . Nage-waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke , usually with the aim of placing uke on their back. Each technique has three distinct stages: Nage-waza are typically drilled by the use of uchi-komi ( 内込 ) , repeated turning-in, taking

256-673: A form of sport. Certainly, to some extent, the same may be said of boxing and fencing, but today they are practiced and conducted as sports. Then the Olympic Games are so strongly flavored with nationalism that it is possible to be influenced by it and to develop "Contest Judo", a retrograde form as ju-jitsu was before the Kodokan was founded. Judo should be free as art and science from any external influences, political, national, racial, and financial or any other organized interest. And all things connected with it should be directed to its ultimate object,

320-401: A former soldier, agreed to show him kata , but not to teach him. The caretaker of Jirosaku's second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of Kyushin-ryū school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher. In 1877, as a student at

384-584: A lifting motion from the hips; and ashi-waza ( 足技 , foot and leg techniques) , throws in which tori predominantly utilises their legs. Katame-waza is further categorised into osaekomi-waza ( 抑込技 , holding techniques) , in which tori traps and pins uke on their back on the floor; shime-waza ( 絞技 , strangulation techniques) , in which tori attempts to force a submission by choking or strangling uke ; and kansetsu-waza ( 関節技 , joint techniques) , in which tori attempts to submit uke by painful manipulation of their joints. A related concept

448-458: A long time wished to see judo as an Olympic discipline . The first time judo was seen in the Olympic Games was in an informal demonstration hosted by Kano at the 1932 Games . However, Kano was ambivalent about judo's potential inclusion as an Olympic sport: I have been asked by people of various sections as to the wisdom and possibility of judo being introduced with other games and sports at

512-485: A match with yuko scores now included within waza-ari. Ippon is scored in ne-waza for pinning an opponent on his back with a recognised osaekomi-waza for 20 seconds or by forcing a submission through shime-waza or kansetsu-waza . A submission is signalled by tapping the mat or the opponent at least twice with the hand or foot, or by saying maitta ( まいった , I surrender) . A pin lasting for less than 20 seconds, but more than 10 seconds scores waza-ari (formerly waza-ari

576-588: A method consisting of a collection of physical techniques. Accordingly, he changed the second character to dō ( 道 ) , meaning "way", "road" or "path", which implies a more philosophical context than jutsu and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of tao . Thus Kano renamed it Jūdō ( 柔道 , judo) . There are three basic categories of waza ( 技 , techniques) in judo: nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) , katame-waza ( 固技 , grappling techniques) and atemi-waza ( 当て身技 , striking techniques) . Judo

640-720: A separate style of Judo, Kosen judo is a competition rules set of Kodokan judo that was popularized in the early 20th century for use in Japanese Special High Schools Championships held at Kyoto Imperial University. The word "Kosen" is an acronym of Koto Senmon Gakko ( 高等専門学校 , literally "Higher Professional School") . Currently, competitions are organized between Japan's seven former Imperial Universities and referred to as Nanatei Judo ( ja:七帝柔道 , literally "Seven Emperors Judo"). Kosen judo's focus on newaza has drawn comparisons with Brazilian jiu-jitsu . Ippon Ippon ( 一本 , lit. "one full point")

704-508: A series of 154 victories. After almost 10 years, he lost in the third round of the Paris Grand Slam against World No. 2 Kokoro Kageura . In 2021, he won the gold medal in his event at the 2021 Judo World Masters held in Doha, Qatar. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics , Riner achieved a bronze medal in the over 100-kilogram class following a defeat by Russian judoka Tamerlan Bashaev . He also won

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768-547: A vital point. Atemi-waza are not permitted outside of kata . Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori ( 乱取り , literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice") . This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko ( 約束稽古 , prearranged practice) , in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept

832-612: Is a vitally important aspect of judo. In 1899, Kano was asked to chair a committee of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai to draw up the first formal set of contest rules for jujutsu. These rules were intended to cover contests between different various traditional schools of jujutsu as well as practitioners of Kodokan judo. Contests were 15 minutes long and were judged on the basis of nage waza and katame waza , excluding atemi waza . Wins were by two ippons, awarded in every four-main different path of winning alternatives, by "Throwing", where

896-722: Is also the only judoka to be a five-time Olympic champion; having won the gold medal in the Men's +100 kg event at the Summer Olympics three times ( 2012 , 2016 and 2024 ) and, as a member of the French team, in the mixed team event twice ( 2020 and 2024 ). Additionally, he is a two-time Olympic bronze medalist ( 2008 and 2020 ), a five-time European champion , a four-time World Masters gold medalist and eleven-time Grand Slam winner in his weight category. Riner went undefeated between October 2010 and February 2020 before his winning streak

960-573: Is an individual sport and it's me, only me." He is 2.04 metres (6 ft 8 in) tall and weighs 141 kilograms (311 lb). He is nicknamed "Teddy Bear", or "Big Ted". With his partner, Luthna Plocus, Riner has a son born in 2014 and a daughter born in 2018. Riner was a member of the Levallois Sporting Club in Levallois-Perret before joining Paris Saint-Germain in August 2017. He

1024-429: Is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo. There are ten kata that are recognized by the Kodokan today: In addition, there are a number of commonly practiced kata that are not recognised by the Kodokan. Some of the more common kata include: Contest ( 試合 , shiai )

1088-628: Is coached by Christian Chaumont and Benoît Campargue. He won the World and European junior titles in 2006. In 2007, he won a gold medal at the European Judo Championships in Belgrade, Serbia, on the day after his eighteenth birthday. At the 2007 World Judo Championships in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, he became the youngest ever senior world champion when he won the heavyweight (+100 kg) event, defeating

1152-553: Is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kanō Jigorō ( 嘉納 治五郎 , Jigoro Kano, 1860–1938) , born Shinnosuke Jigorō ( 新之助 治五郎 , Jigorō Shinnosuke) . Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture . He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and

1216-504: Is mostly known for nage-waza and katame-waza . Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to ukemi ( 受け身 , break-falls) , in order that nage-waza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi ( 後ろ受身 , rear breakfalls) ; yoko ukemi ( 横受け身 , side breakfalls) ; mae ukemi ( 前受け身 , front breakfalls) ; and zenpo kaiten ukemi ( 前方回転受身 , rolling breakfalls) The person who performs

1280-465: Is now regarded as the Kodokan founding. The Eisho-ji dōjō was originally shoin . It was a relatively small affair, consisting of a 12 jo (214 sq ft) training area. Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tomita Tsunejirō and Shiro Saigo . In August, the following year, the pair were granted shodan ( 初段 , first rank) grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art. Central to Kano's vision for judo were

1344-579: Is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis on randori ( 乱取り , randori , free practice) in judo. On Fukuda's death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata , was given the densho ( 伝書 , scrolls) of the Fukuda dōjō. Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo ( c.  1820 –1881). Iso placed more emphasis on

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1408-449: Is scored when the opponent gives up or is incapacitated. Two consecutive waza-ari by the same athlete also add up to an ippon ( waza-ari awasete ippon ). An ippon in judo is often compared to a knockout punch in boxing . In shobu ippon kumite , a method of karate competition, an ippon is awarded for a technique judged as decisive. This is usually a move that connects cleanly, with good form and with little opportunity for

1472-416: Is that of Sute geiko ( 捨稽古 , throw-away practice) , in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner. At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if

1536-400: Is that of ne-waza ( 寝技 , prone techniques) , in which waza are applied from a non-standing position. In competitive judo, Kansetsu-waza is currently limited to elbow joint manipulation. Manipulation and locking of other joints can be found in various kata, such as Katame-no-kata and Kodokan goshin jutsu . Atemi-waza are techniques in which tori disables uke with a strike to

1600-451: Is the highest score a fighter can achieve in a Japanese martial arts ippon-wazari contest, usually kendo , judo , karate or jujitsu . In judo , an ippon may be scored for a throw, a pin, a choke or a jointlock. For throws, the four granting criteria are speed, force, landing on the back and skilful control until the end of the landing. For pinning techniques, the pin must be held continuously for 20 seconds. For chokes and locks, it

1664-440: Is the most popular and well-known style of judo, but is not the only one. The terms judo and jujutsu were quite interchangeable in the early years, so some of these forms of judo are still known as jujutsu or jiu-jitsu either for that reason, or simply to differentiate them from mainstream judo. From Kano's original style of judo, several related forms have evolved—some now widely considered to be distinct arts: Commonly described as

1728-798: Is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with a pin , or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke . While strikes and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice. Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation , and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit. Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" ( 精力善用 , lit.   ' good use of energy ' ) and "Jita-Kyoei" ( 自他共栄 , lit.   ' mutual welfare and benefit ' ) . The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became

1792-674: The Eisho-ji ( 永昌寺 ) , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward). Iikubo, Kano's Kitō-ryū instructor, attended the dōjō three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name Kōdōkan ( 講道館 , Kodokan , "place for expounding the way") , and Kano had not yet received his Menkyo ( 免許 , certificate of mastery) in Kitō-ryū , this

1856-526: The University of Tokyo , Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in ( 整骨院 , traditional osteopathy practices) . After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke ( c.  1828 –1880), a teacher of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat dōjō where he taught five students. Fukuda

1920-638: The "Benefit of Humanity". Human sacrifice is a matter of ancient history. At the 57th general session of the International Olympic Committee , held in Rome on 22 August 1960, the IOC members formally decided to include Judo among the events to be contested at the Olympic Games. The proposal, which was placed before the session by the Japanese delegation, was welcomed by all participants. The few who opposed had nothing against Judo itself but against increasing

1984-496: The +100 competition Riner was defeated by Daiki Kamikawa of Japan in the final of open weight class by a 2–1 judge's decision. After the bout, Riner refused to bow or to shake Kamikawa's hand, claiming that he "was robbed". Riner won his second European gold medal at the 2011 Championships in Istanbul , Turkey. He defeated Nodor Metreveli, Emil Tahirov and Zohar Asaf to win Pool A of

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2048-540: The +100 kg competition before defeating Estonian Martin Padar in the semi-finals and Barna Bor of Hungary in the final to win the title. At the 2011 World Judo Championships in Paris Riner won the gold medal in men's +100 kg division, beating Germany's Tölzer in the final. The result meant that Riner became the first ever male Judoka to win five world titles. He won his sixth World Championship gold medal as part of

2112-466: The 2000 Olympic gold medallist, Kosei Inoue of Japan, in the semi-final. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Riner competed in the men's heavyweight event . He received a bye into the second round of the competition before beating Anis Chedli of Tunisia and Kazakhstan 's Yeldos Ikhsangaliyev to advance to the semi-finals. In the semis he was beaten by Uzbek judoka Abdullo Tangriev on

2176-454: The French side that won the team event . Riner was selected to compete for France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England in the men's heavyweight event. The event took place at ExCeL London on 3 August. Riner won the gold medal by defeating Russia's Alexander Mikhaylin in the final. At the 2016 Olympics, he defended his Olympics heavyweight title, defeating Hisayoshi Harasawa in

2240-519: The Kodokan with amendments made to prohibit all joint locks for kyu grades and added wrist locks to the prohibited kansetsu-waza for dan grades. It was also stated that the ratio of tachi-waza to ne-waza should be between 70% and 80% for kyu grades and between 60% and 70% for dan grades. In 1916, additional rulings were brought in to further limit kansetsu waza with the prohibition of ashi garami and neck locks, as well as do jime . These were further added to in 1925. Jigoro Kano for

2304-454: The Olympic Games. My view on the matter, at present, is rather passive. If it be the desire of other member countries, I have no objection. But I do not feel inclined to take any initiative. For one thing, judo in reality is not a mere sport or game. I regard it as a principle of life, art and science. In fact, it is a means for personal cultural attainment. Only one of the forms of judo training, so-called randori or free practice can be classed as

2368-532: The contest. A lesser throw, where the opponent is thrown onto his back, but with insufficient force to merit an ippon, scores a waza-ari ( 技あり ) . Two scores of waza-ari equal an ippon waza-ari awasete ippon ( 技あり合わせて一本 ,  ) . This rule was cancelled in 2017, but it was resumed in 2018. Formerly, a throw that places the opponent onto his side scores a yuko ( 有効 ) . In 2017, the International Judo Federation announced changes in evaluation of points. There will only be ippon and waza-ari scores given during

2432-526: The final. In his career, Riner was only defeated nine times in elite international championships. He lost to Brayson and Tölzer in 2006, to Bianchessi and Rybak in 2007 and to Muneta and Grim Vuijsters in 2008. He lost to Abdullo Tangriev in the third round of the 2008 Summer Olympics, before obtaining the bronze medal, and on 13 September 2010 he lost the openweight title at the 2010 World Judo Championships in Tokyo to Daiki Kamikawa , his last defeat before

2496-601: The final. Riner won his third world title at the 2009 World Championships in Rotterdam , the Netherlands . He won bouts against Daniel McCormick , Vladimirs Osnachs, Ivan Iliev and Martin Padar in the pool stage before beating Marius Paškevičius in the semi-finals and Oscar Bryson in the final to take the gold medal. In 2010, he won two medals, a gold and a silver, at the World Championships in Tokyo. After winning

2560-529: The first Olympic gold medal in the open division of judo by defeating Akio Kaminaga of Japan. The women's event was introduced at the Olympics in 1988 as a demonstration event, and an official medal event in 1992 . Judo was introduced as a Paralympic sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul , with women's events contested for the first time at 2004 Summer Paralympics . Judo was an optional sport included in

2624-454: The first contestant to achieve any score wins. If there is no score during this period, then the winner is decided by Hantei ( 判定 ) , the majority opinion of the referee and the two corner judges. There have been changes to the scoring. In January 2013, the Hantei was removed and the "Golden Score" no longer has a time limit. The match would continue until a judoka scored through a technique or if

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2688-518: The gold medal in the mixed team event. He also competed in the 2024 Summer Olympics , where he, along with Marie-José Pérec , was one of the two individuals to light the Olympic cauldron in the Tuileries Garden . He won the gold medal in the over 100-kilogram class, defeating the world champion Kim Min-jong from South Korea. With that, he equaled the record of Japan's Tadahiro Nomura, becoming one of

2752-521: The golden score, meaning Riner had to enter the repechage rounds. In the repechage he defeated Andreas Tölzer and João Schlittler to reach a bronze medal final against Lasha Gujejiani of Georgia ; Riner took the bronze medal by a score of one ippon , one yuko and one koka to nil. In December 2008 he won his second World Championship gold medal at the Open weight Championships held in Levallois-Perret , France, by beating Alexander Mikhaylin of Russia in

2816-480: The intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn. Kata ( 形 , kata, forms) are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of elements of the Seiryoku-Zen'yō Kokumin-Taiiku , they are all practised with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo

2880-482: The match; for safety infringements for example by using prohibited techniques, or for behavior that is deemed to be against the spirit of judo. Fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat. There are currently seven weight divisions , subject to change by governing bodies, and may be modified based on the age of the competitors: A throw that places the opponent on their back with impetus and control scores an ippon ( 一本 ) , winning

2944-419: The model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from Ko-ryū . Judo has also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Krav Maga , sambo , and ARB . Judo also influenced the formation of other combat styles such as close-quarters combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shoot wrestling and submission wrestling . The early history of judo

3008-513: The number of Olympic events as a whole. There were only two dissenting votes in the final poll. For the first time in history a traditional Japanese sport has been included in the Olympic competition. Finally, judo was first contested as an Olympic sport for men in the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Olympic Committee initially dropped judo for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests. Dutchman Anton Geesink won

3072-527: The only judokas to have won three individual Olympic golds in judo. The following day in the mixed team event, France faced Japan in the gold medal match for the second straight Olympics. Sanshiro Murao and Rika Takayama gave Japan an early 2–0 lead before Riner beat Tatsuru Saito . Natsumi Tsunoda subsequently put Japan on the brink of the gold medal, but Joan-Benjamin Gaba 's shock win over Hifumi Abe and Clarisse Agbegnenou 's win over Miku Takaichi leveled

3136-427: The opponent is penalised (Hansoku-make). Two types of penalties may be awarded. A shido (指導 – literally "guidance") is awarded for minor rule infringements. A shido can also be awarded for a prolonged period of non-aggression. Recent rule changes allow for the first shidos to result in only warnings. If there is a tie, then and only then, will the number of shidos (if less than three) be used to determine

3200-426: The opponent to defend against it. Kicks to the head of an opponent or judo throws followed up with a strike to the downed opponent are particularly likely to be considered a winning ippon technique. A competitor is declared the winner upon achieving a judgment of ippon . Occasionally, shobu nihon kumite is used, in which two decisive strikes (or four less-decisive strikes, scored as waza-ari ) are required for

3264-412: The opponent's back strikes flat onto the mat with sufficient force, by "Pinning" them on their back for a "sufficient" amount of time, or by "Submission", which could be achieved via Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza , in which the opponent was forced to give himself or herself up or summon a referee's or corner-judge's stoppage. Finger, toe and ankle locks were prohibited. In 1900, these rules were adopted by

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3328-461: The practice of "kata", and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano. Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dōjō of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of Kitō-ryū ( 起倒流 ) . Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori , with Kitō-ryū having a greater focus on nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) . In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dōjō at

3392-524: The principles of seiryoku zen'yō ( 精力善用 , maximum efficiency, minimum effort) and jita kyōei ( 自他共栄 , mutual welfare and benefit) . He illustrated the application of seiryoku zen'yō with the concept of jū yoku gō o seisu ( 柔能く剛を制す - 柔能剛制 , softness controls hardness) : In short, resisting a more powerful opponent will result in your defeat, whilst adjusting to and evading your opponent's attack will cause him to lose his balance, his power will be reduced, and you will defeat him. This can apply whatever

3456-485: The relative values of power, thus making it possible for weaker opponents to beat significantly stronger ones. This is the theory of ju yoku go o seisu . Kano realised that seiryoku zen'yō , initially conceived as a jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application. Coupled with the Confucianist -influenced jita kyōei , the wider application shaped the development of judo from a bujutsu ( 武術 , martial art) to

3520-515: The score at 3–3 and forced a golden score tiebreaker. The 90+ kg men were randomly chosen, and Riner and Saito fought for 6 minutes and 26 seconds and both received shido twice before Riner successfully executed an ōuchi gari to achieve the gold medal-winning ippon. It marked Riner's fifth gold Olympic gold medal and France successfully defending their mixed team gold medal from Tokyo. [REDACTED] Media related to Teddy Riner at Wikimedia Commons Judoka The objective of competitive judo

3584-778: The three editions of the Commonwealth Games : 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. From 2022, judo will become a core sport in the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games, in Birmingham and also the 23rd edition of the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Penalties may be given for: passivity or preventing progress in

3648-555: The throw up to the point of kake . Traditionally, nage-waza are further categorised into tachi-waza ( 立ち技 , standing techniques) , throws that are performed with tori maintaining an upright position, and sutemi-waza ( 捨身技 , sacrifice techniques) , throws in which tori sacrifices his upright position in order to throw uke . Tachi-waza are further subdivided into te-waza ( 手技 , hand techniques) , in which tori predominantly uses their arms to throw uke ; koshi-waza ( 腰技 , hip techniques) throws that predominantly use

3712-449: The time a few bujitsu (martial arts) experts still existed but bujitsu was almost abandoned by the nation at large. Even if I wanted to teach jujitsu most people had now stopped thinking about it. So I thought it better to teach under a different name principally because my objectives were much wider than jujitsu. Kano believed that " jūjutsu " was insufficient to describe his art: although jutsu ( 術 ) means "art" or "means", it implies

3776-731: The tournament of the penalized player. A number of judo practitioners have made an impact in mixed martial arts . Notable judo-trained MMA fighters include Olympic medalists Hidehiko Yoshida (Gold, 1992), Naoya Ogawa (Silver, 1992), Paweł Nastula (Gold, 1996), Makoto Takimoto (Gold, 2000), Satoshi Ishii (Gold, 2008), Ronda Rousey (Bronze, 2008), and Kayla Harrison (Gold, 2012 and 2016), former Russian national judo championship bronze medalist Fedor Emelianenko , Yoshihiro Akiyama , Don Frye , Rick Hawn , Daniel Kelly , Hector Lombard , Karo Parisyan , Ayaka Hamasaki , Antônio Silva , Oleg Taktarov , Rhadi Ferguson , Dong-Sik Yoon , and Khabib Nurmagomedov . Kano Jigoro's Kodokan judo

3840-405: The winner. After three shidos are given, the victory is given to the opponent, constituting an indirect hansoku-make (反則負け – literally "foul-play defeat"), but does not result in expulsion from the tournament. Note: Prior to 2017, the 4th shido was hansoku-make. If hansoku-make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in the expulsion from

3904-643: Was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano. He ultimately became an official in the Shogunate government. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, shodō ( 書道 , Japanese calligraphy ) and the Four Confucian Texts ( 四書 , Shisho ) under a number of tutors. When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo . The culture of bullying endemic at this school

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3968-467: Was awarded for holds of longer than 15 seconds and yuko for holds of longer than 10 seconds). Formerly, there was an additional score that was lesser to yuko, that of Koka ( 効果 ) . This has since been removed. If the scores are identical at the end of the match, the contest is resolved by the Golden Score rule. Golden Score is a sudden death situation where the clock is reset to match-time, and

4032-692: Was finally ended by Japanese judoka Kokoro Kageura in the third round of the 2020 Grand Slam Paris , marking Riner's first defeat in nearly a decade after 152 consecutive victories. Riner was born on 7 April 1989 in Les Abymes near Pointe-à-Pitre , in Guadeloupe , an insular region of France in the Caribbean . He was raised in Paris . He was enrolled at a local sports club by his parents and played football , tennis, and basketball, but says he preferred judo "because it

4096-507: Was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jūjutsu ( 柔術 , Jujutsu ) dōjō ( 道場 , dōjō , training place) at which to train. Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. Jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly westernized Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanō's father and

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