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67-563: After many decades of producing different car and truck models under the Zastava brand, the company ceased all vehicle production in 2008. Since then, a new company, Fiat Automobili Srbija , has taken over the Zastava Automobiles facilities, after extensive reconstruction and renovation. Initially, Zastava was widely known for its locally built versions of the Fiat 128 and Fiat 600 , and latterly

134-749: A $ 50 million reorganization effort in cooperation with the World Bank , which resulted in mass layoffs, aiming to privatize the company. A new prototype for the Yugo Florida, known as the Florida 2.0, was made, equipped with the same engine as in the Fiat Bravo 2.0. In 2002, the American entrepreneur Malcolm Bricklin , who had previously imported Yugo into the United States, signed a deal with Zastava to reintroduce

201-456: A five-year period. In 1969, the Zastava Kamioni (Zastava Trucks) division split from Zastava Automobili and began producing Italy's Om trucks, rated for between 2.5 and 4 tons. Today, Zastava Kamioni continues to make trucks through a partnership with Iveco. In 1970, Zastava launched the 750M, fitted with a new 767 cc engine boasting a thermostat-controlled pressurised cooling system. In

268-557: A longer wheelbase. It was developed in-house by SEAT and produced exclusively by the Spanish automaker without any equivalent model in Fiat's range. In addition, in Spain many car bodybuilders or companies associated with SEAT, manufactured several versions derived from the 600: '750 Primavera', 'Rany', 'Milton', 'Serra', 'Gredos', 'Avia 50', 'Buggy', 'Siata Minivan', 'Siata Tarraca', etc. The SEAT 600

335-450: A new steering wheel, inner ceiling, and seat coverings. The hubcaps were replaced with tiny rubber caps. The 767 cc 600 R had 36 hp SAE (26 kW) thanks to higher compression than in the E, and was in turn replaced by the 32 hp DIN (24 kW) 843 cc 600 S in July 1977. The 600 S featured new bumpers with rubber overriders and a black plastic faux-grille to replace

402-674: A record price of $ 170,500 at a collector car auction in Scottsdale, Arizona, in January 2015. Italian tuning company Abarth produced various versions of the Fiat 600 from 1956 to 1970 under a variety of model names, including Abarth 210 A, Fiat-Abarth 750, 850, and 1000. Many suffixes like Granturismo, Berlina, TC, and TCR were also used and many were built with aluminium bodywork by Zagato and other famed Italian carrozzerie . Abarth competitor Giannini Automobili also produced tuned 600s (as did countless other, smaller modifiers), most famously

469-519: A result, production almost stopped and the company failed to introduce new models for a long time. In September 2005, the company signed a new agreement with Fiat to produce a version of the 2003 model Fiat Punto for the Balkans under the name Zastava 10 , with a capacity of 16,000 units annually. In December 2007, Serbia announced that Zastava would be privatized in April 2008. The roots of Zastava lay in

536-522: A supplier network. Zastava outsourced engine manufacture to Rakovica -based 21. Maj (DMB). Zastava's annual production climbed to 13,719 units in 1960. The company entered the new decade with a replacement for the 1400: Fiat's 1100, shown in Geneva as the successor to the 1100 B. With the advent of the 1961 Fiat 1300/1500 came Zastava's 1300/1500 series, produced as both sedans and wagons. With all-around disc brakes, rear-wheel drive and up to 72 horsepower,

603-516: Is a small, rear-engined city car and economy family car made by Italian carmaker Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door fastback sedan and four-door Multipla mini MPV body styles. The 600 is considered a pop icon of the Italian economic miracle , and the three-row seating Multipla, though diminutive and odd-looking, is seen as one the first mass-produced minivans . Measuring just 3.22 m (10 ft 7 in) long, its all-new design

670-470: Is believed to be the sole remaining example, according to a recent report by Quattroruote 's "Ruoteclassiche" vintage division. It was powered by an innovative single-cam V2-cylinder engine designed to simplify maintenance and did not feature a clutch pedal. At the official launch in 1955, FIAT engineer, Dante Giacosa declared that the aim had been to create something new, both in the interest of progress and simplification. This prototype, however, did not become

737-484: The Belgrade International Motor Show in 2002. The new Zastava Koral IN had a 1.1l 55HP engine with Bosch electronic injection , the transmission designed by Porsche , slightly new internal and external design, improved safety, and many extra details which were missing from former models. Koral In also have Peugeot 1.1L, 60HP engine. The new generation of Yugo was granted a FIA certificate, so it

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804-485: The Fiat 1400 , 1100 B and AR-55 Campagnola . Fiat 1400 was Zastava's first assembled automobile, but Fića Zastava's licence built version of Fiat 600 is its iconic historical brand. 923,487 of Zastava 750 were produced over a span of 30 years, with several different engines and in various equipment levels, from 18 October 1955 to 18 November 1985. Total vehicle production in 1955 was 1,044, and by 1958 it had risen to 3,596. During 1957 and 1958, Zastava established

871-609: The Opel Astra G , but despite the start of industrial tests in Kragujevac, the project was eventually aborted. Fiat Group Automobiles (FGA) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Serbian government for the acquisition of Zastava's Kragujevac plant on 7 May 2008. The memorandum of understanding foresees a new company being set up in which the Italian group would have a 67% of stake and

938-471: The Spanish miracle and where it was nicknamed Seiscientos ; Argentina , where it was nicknamed Fitito (a diminutive: "little Fiat") and former Yugoslavia where it was nicknamed Fića or Fićo (pronounced 'fee-cha' or 'fee-cho' respectively). Fiat replaced their 500 and 600 with the 126 and 127 models , featuring much more modern, but again very similar styling, however where the 126 carried over much of

1005-478: The US from 1958 to 1962. Famous Fiat Jolly owners include Aristotle Onassis, Yul Brynner , Grace Kelly , Mary Pickford , Mae West , Gianni Agnelli (for whom the original Jolly was constructed), Josip Broz Tito , Wiley T. Buchanan Jr. , and James Inglis. Fiat Jollys are highly sought after by collectors; however, replicas are being made and are being passed off as authentic. A genuine 1960 Fiat Jolly "600" model brought

1072-649: The Zastava 10 . The Koral IN L, with a fuel injected 1.1 L Peugeot engine, met the European Union safety standards in a test supervised by the German Technischer Überwachungsverein (Technical Monitoring Association). This was seem as a chance to pave the way for export to EU countries. The Zastava 10 , based on the Italian Fiat Punto Mark 2b, was the last Zastava's most modern car before this factory

1139-568: The "Marinella" with a wickerwork wraparound bench in the rear. The Fiat 600T is a van derivative of the 600 Multipla. It is powered by a rear-mounted 633 cc 4-cylinder engine. In 1958 Fiat shipped a number of Fiat 600s to the Italian design house Ghia for conversion into the Jolly. Featuring wicker seats and the option of a fringed top to shield its occupants from the Mediterranean sun, these cars were originally made for use on large yachts of

1206-504: The "tristać" was Yugoslavia's favorite upmarket car. Today, many across the former Yugoslavia recall the 1300 as Zastava's best automobile ever: the Jugoslovenski Mercedes as they call it. 201,160 copies of the 1300 and 1500 were produced from 1961 to 20 December 1979. The Fića had started life as the 16 kW (21 hp) 633 cc Fiat 600 , designed by legendary Fiat engineer Dante Giacosa . In 1962, Zastava began production of

1273-556: The 127. Codenamed Progetto 100 ("Project 100"), the Fiat 600 mirrored the layout of the Volkswagen Beetle and Renault 4CV of its era. Aimed at being an economical but capable vehicle, its design parameters stipulated a weight of around 450 kg with the ability to carry 4 people and luggage with a cruising speed of no less than 85 km/h. A total of 5 prototypes were built between 1952 and 1954, which all differed from each other. Chassis number 000001 with engine number 000002

1340-534: The 1300 and 1500. On the Yugoslav market, the 125p was known as the Zastava 125PZ. 1965 marked the official beginning of Zastava exports, with 6,000 cars sent to Poland. In 1967, Zastava produced about 52,000 trucks and passenger cars, and 53,000 in 1968. Zastava in this decade signed a new contract expanding production and technological cooperation with Fiat. A $ 10 million investment pushed annual capacity to 85,000, with plans in place to reach 130,000 units within

1407-665: The 1851 founding in Kragujevac of the Vojno-Tehnicki Zavod (Military Technical Institute). The institute developed a cannon foundry division in 1853, becoming a military vocational school in March 1854. During the 1880s, Zastava also began with the production of firearms . At the end of the 19th century the cannon foundry changed its name to the Military Engineering Works. The firm rapidly expanded its production program and

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1474-561: The 1990s and after 2000 as the respond of new market demands. Such models were: Yugo GV Turbo (90's), Yugo Electra (90's), Zastava Koral In (euro-concept), Zastava Globus Koral In (electromobile), Zastava Florida Caravan, Zastava Florida Sedan. Zastava automobiles have been sold and exported in Serbia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Croatia , North Macedonia , Greece , Bulgaria , Lebanon , Libya , Syria , Ecuador , Tunisia , Poland , and Egypt (where Zastava cars were produced under

1541-417: The 500's underpinnings, the 127 was an all new, slightly more expensive design with a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout , and possibly a rear hatch . But in Spain, SEAT chose to develop a more affordable successor, the 1974 SEAT 133 , updated with a similarly modernised body and interior, but largely reusing the Fiat 600 platform. For a while, Fiat also sold it as the Fiat 133, a cheaper alternative to

1608-483: The 600 with rear-hinged doors and the 633 cc engine with 28 hp (21 kW), made mainly from parts shipped in from Italy. As a new plant was constructed in the Ferreyra, a suburb of Córdoba , the local parts content steadily increased. In 1962 the 600D was introduced, with a 32 hp SAE (24 kW) 767 cc engine. In August 1964, around the same time that the local firm changed its name to Fiat Concord S.A.,

1675-450: The 600's layout and design. Later, the 600's platform also formed the basis for the larger 850 saloon, coupé and spider, launched from 1964, which coexisted with the 600 in Fiats line-up for five years, until the 600 was cancelled. During the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, many units were built under licence in countries such as Spain (as SEAT 600 ), where it became the cultural icon of

1742-454: The 767 cc version. The car had good ventilation and defrosting systems. A year after its debut, in 1956, a soft-top version was introduced, as well as a six-seater variant—the Fiat 600 Multipla. It was a precursor of current multi-purpose vehicles . The millionth 600 was produced in February 1961, less than six years after the car's launch. At the time when the millionth car was produced,

1809-688: The British market. 811 cars were registered that year, with sales increasing to 3,101 in 1982, their first full year. In 1983, export sales accounted for over a sixth of Zastava's production. Later in the 1980s, Yugo was exported to USA and at the same time it went through several modifications, most importantly the adoption of a five-speed gearbox. In the same decade, Zastava changed its branding name to Yugo and derivative models were renamed: original Zastava Yugo to Zastava Koral and Zastava 101/128 to Zastava Skala or Yugo Skala . The original numerical classification would remain unchanged for some export markets, as for

1876-406: The Fiat 147 in April 1982, after having undergone one last tiny facelift in 1981 (black head and taillight surrounds, a black "shield" up front). Initially, the new 147 also used the 903 cc engine. In Colombia , it was assembled by Colombian Mazda assemblers, Compañía Colombiana Automotriz , from 1979 to 1982. Marketed as the Fiat 750Z, colloquially it was called the "topolino". Parts content

1943-433: The Fiat 600 is water-cooled with an ample cabin heater and, while cooling is generally adequate, for high-power modified versions a front-mounted radiator or oil cooler is needed to complement the rear-mounted radiator. All models of the 600 had generators with mechanical external regulators. The top speed ranged from 95 km/h (59 mph) empty with the 633 cc inline-four engine to 110 km/h (68 mph) with

2010-473: The Fiat 600D, badged Zastava 750, boasting an 18 kW (24 hp) 767 cc engine capable of propelling the car to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph). The floorpan of the 1300/1500 was used as the basis for the Polski Fiat 125p , which was produced by Polish FSO from Zastava CKD kits. The 125p was created by mating the body of the Fiat 125 to the mechanicals (engines, gearbox, transmission and suspension) of

2077-444: The Serbian government acquiring 33% of stake in the new company. A new company was named Fiat Automobili Srbija . The new company would make a total investment in the region of 700 million euros, with the government contributing 200 million euros to this. The Zastava plant would produce two new Fiat models, rejecting previous reports the plant could produce the 500 compact city car. The last Zastava branded car rolled out of

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2144-457: The Serbian market. In March 2007, the Zastava 10's share of the Serbian car market was 11% and the company started exporting cars to former Yugoslav republics in the first half of 2007, and with plans to add to Bulgaria and Albania as well. Production of all Zastava cars (Yugo, Skala 101 and Florida) ceased by November 20, 2008. After that day, the only car in production was to be Zastava 10 which has had its front part slightly modified and its name

2211-552: The United Kingdom. These were Zastava's best years in number of cars assembled; around 230,000 cars a year towards the end of decade. Zastava cars were to be sold in 70 countries at the time, with 27,000 exported to Western markets. The factory also started to make trucks, under a IVECO licence. In 1988 a new model was released called the Zastava Florida (known as Yugo Sana or Yugo Sana Miami, in some countries). Its exterior

2278-400: The Yugoslav and Italian markets and vice versa; in the Italian market, it would have been sold under the marque Innocenti . It was soon nicknamed Stojadin as a pun on sto jedan (101) (Stojadin is a male name, although folk etymology also associates it with sto jada , "a hundred woes", due to the poor performance and assembly). In spite of this negative record, the car was a good seller in

2345-505: The Zastava 102 - based on the Fiat 127 . During the 1980s, Zastava sold its compact cars in North and South America and Western Europe under the " Yugo " brand, competing in the budget segment of the market alongside other Eastern European brands such as Lada and Skoda . Its final model, the Yugo Sana , was styled by Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro and launched in 1988, but its production

2412-477: The beginning of the 1970s, Zastava arranged with Fiat to produce the Zastava 101 (4 cyl, 1116 cc OHC, 55 hp, front wheel drive), which was based on the Fiat 128 . It had restyled rear panel and resembled a hatchback body style. This 3- and 5-door variant of the Fiat 128 was specific to Zastava and was never released elsewhere by Fiat. It was said that the model 101 should be produced in Yugoslavia for both

2479-422: The car's top speed to 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph). In 1980, the Zastava 850 was launched, with a 23.4 kW (31 hp) 848 cc engine propelling it to 125 km/h (78 mph) and a fully synchronized transaxle. Production of the 750 and 850 continued until 1985 in L, LE and SC versions. In the mid-seventies, Zastava management decided to develop a new model, still based on the same Fiat engine. It

2546-429: The chosen design. The car had hydraulic drum brakes on all four wheels. Suspension was a single double-mounted leafspring—which acts as a stabilizer—between the front wheels coupled to gas-charged shock absorbers , and an independent coil-over-shock absorber setup coupled to semi-trailing arms at the rear. All 600 models had 3-synchro (no synchro on 1st) 4-speed transaxles . Unlike the Volkswagen Beetle or Fiat 500 ,

2613-473: The company's products into America. Bricklin's intention was to sell the cars for less than $ 10,000 under the brand name ZMW (as in Zastava Motor Works). Even though a website proclaiming the brand's arrival was produced by Bricklin's company, by 2006 his intentions had switched to importing products from Chinese car maker Chery instead. Also there were produced some unknown models from the beginning of

2680-467: The complexity and quality of its products. That original company is now known as Zastava Arms . In 1904, within the company, a section dedicated to automobiles was inaugurated. Beside repair services, certain car parts were also manufactured. In 1939, it begins assembling Chevrolet military trucks. Production came to a halt in 1941 with the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and, by then, 400 trucks had come out of

2747-406: The domestic market as there was a virtual monopoly. Yugoslavs used to buy it because of its moderate price, simple mechanics, cheap spare parts and low maintenance cost compared to other cars assembled in Yugoslavia. In 1979, the Zastava 750S – (Special) was released which offered updated interior controls and switches, a new steering wheel and a sportier 22 kW (30 hp) engine which raised

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2814-757: The eighth industrial power in the world. The Fiat 600 was also manufactured at Fiat Neckar in Germany between 1956 and 1967. Presented in a first time as Jagst 600, in 1960 with the release of Fiat 600D it became Jagst 770. The model was manufactured until the end of 1967, more than 172,000 copies. In former Yugoslavia the model was much sought after, and was produced under the name Zastava 750 (later 850), nicknamed "Fića" or "Fićo" in Serbo-Croatian, "Fičo" or "Fičko" in Slovene, and "Фиќо/Фичо" ( Fikjo/Ficho ) in Macedonian. It

2881-521: The factory on 21 November 2008. FCA Serbia Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 386454152 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:42:54 GMT Fiat 600 The Fiat 600 ( Italian : Seicento , pronounced [ˌsɛiˈtʃɛnto] )

2948-478: The factory which consisted of a working force of 12,000 men. After World War II, the plant was renamed Zavodi Crvena Zastava ("Red Flag Factories"). In a referendum held on August 26, 1953, 96% of the employees of then Zavodi Crvena Zastava voiced their desire to produce automobiles. That year, 162 Willys Jeeps would leave the Kragujevac factory. On 12 August 1954, Zastava signed a cooperation agreement with Fiat . Three months later, Kragujevac began assembling

3015-515: The manufacturer reported it was producing the car at the then remarkable rate of 1,000 a day. As of mid 2017 there were 78 registered as taxed for road use in the UK and 44 registered as SORN (Statutory Off Road Notification). In Spain , the 600 model was made under the make of SEAT from 1957 to 1973. Up to 797,319 SEAT 600 were made at time, and the Spanish car maker exported them to a number of countries worldwide. SEAT produced various derivatives of

3082-518: The marque of the state owned Nasr car company). CEO of Zastava cars Zoran Radojević has declared that the company has received offers from African countries for technology transfer. It is believed that Congo was interested in starting production of the Zastava Florida and Egypt of the Zastava 128 . In October 2005, an agreement with Fiat was reached for production of the Fiat Punto by Zastava for Eastern European markets, which would be commercialed as

3149-455: The original 600 model some of them with improvements and special fittings like the use of "suicide doors" : the SEAT 600 D/E/L Especial an luxury version, the 'Descapotable' cabriolet , the 'Formicheta' commercial version, the 'Múltiple', the 'Savio', the 'Playera', etc. One unique variation produced between 1964 and 1967 was the SEAT 800, the sole four-door derivative of the 600 model which received

3216-584: The previous chrome iteration. This version was equipped with an enlarged, 843 cc engine that could use 88 octane fuel. That engine was adapted in Córdoba from the 903 cc engine (requiring 93 octane fuel) which equipped the Spanish-sourced Fiat 133, which coexisted with the 600 S in Argentina until 1982. Top speed was up to 120 km/h (75 mph) in the 600 S. The 600 was finally replaced by

3283-517: The rear, above the gearbox. The spare wheel was carried inside the cabin, in front of the passenger seat. The manufacturer advertised a top speed of 90 km/h (56 mph). A 633 cc, RHD Multipla was tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1956. It was found to have a top speed of 57.1 mph (91.9 km/h) and could accelerate from 0–50 mph (0–80 km/h) in 43.0 seconds. A fuel consumption of 38.4 miles per imperial gallon (7.36 L/100 km; 32.0 mpg ‑US )

3350-438: The second 600D was introduced, with slight changes to its appearance. The suicide doors continued to be used until the April 1965 appearance of the 600E, which also gained some extra power. Early in 1967 the 600E received a slight facelift with bigger headlights, new rims, and a new "grille" in front. In November 1970 the 600R appeared. The external differences were limited to trim, but the interior saw more thorough changes, with

3417-431: The top three forward gears. Rear trailing arm suspension also came from the 600, while the front double wishbone suspension —complete with coil springs , coaxial hydraulic dampers and anti-roll bar —as well as steering components were sourced from the bigger 1100/103. Other changes included a larger capacity radiator and relocating the fuel tank (which on the regular 600 was housed in the front luggage compartment) to

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3484-444: The wealthy ( Aristotle Onassis owned one). The car was designed as a luxury vehicle for wealthy Europeans and the US market. With a cost of nearly double that of a standard "600", they were made in a very limited production. It is believed that fewer than 100 exist today, each one being unique. 32 Jolly cars were used as taxis on the island of Catalina off the coast of Los Angeles in

3551-563: Was Fiat's first rear-engined car, and was priced at 590,000  lire (the equivalent of about €8,680 or US$ 9,440 in 2023). The total number produced from 1955 to 1969 at the Mirafiori plant in Turin was 2,695,197. The 1955 Fiat 600 also formed the blueprint for an even smaller sibling, the 2.97 m (9 ft 9 in) 2nd generation "Nuova" (New) Fiat 500 , launched two years later – which was, although rounder in shape, largely copied from

3618-604: Was a major military supplier to the Serb government. Some of the car manufacturing buildings were damaged and numerous workers were injured. After the war, there were trade talks with Hungarian firms to assemble Yugos in Hungary, but no agreement was reached because of the Yugoslavian partner's hesitation. However, Zastava Trucks were assembled in Hungary, near Pécs, with IVECO engines. Yugos were facelifted and new versions are introduced in

3685-473: Was a waiting list for Yugo cars. Between 1992 and 1995, it was under UN sanctions, and then between 1998 and 2000, it was under EU and US sanctions. As a result, many Zastava subsidiaries abroad were forced to cease trading, such as Zastava (GB) Ltd. in the United Kingdom and Yugo Cars in the United States. In 1999, during the Kosovo War , NATO bombed the factory in Kragujevac , Serbia because Zastava Arms

3752-560: Was achieved by moving the driver's compartment forward over the front axle, effectively eliminating the boot but giving the body a very minivan -like "one-box" , flat-front look. The car debuted at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1956, and was discontinued in the spring of 1967, to be replaced by the Fiat 850 Familiare . The Multipla name was reintroduced in late 1998 for the Fiat Multipla compact minivan . The 600 Multipla

3819-409: Was available in three interior configurations: As mentioned, the 600 Multipla used the type 100.000 663 cc overhead valve inline-four cylinder engine from the 600 saloon, producing 21.5 DIN -rated PS (15.8  kW ; 21.2  hp ) or 24.5 CUNA -rated PS at 4,600 rpm. A shorter final drive ratio was the only change made to the 4-speed manual transmission , with synchromesh on

3886-514: Was changed to Punto Classic. In addition to the Punto Classic (ex-Zastava 10), Zastava was negotiating with Fiat for the production rights to another model not yet in production, a C-segment sedan, codenamed Project D200, to be manufactured for Fiat by Zastava and/or Tofaş of Turkey. It was considered to compete with the Dacia Logan . Zastava signed an agreement with General Motors to produce

3953-559: Was cut short by the Yugoslav wars . By the same time the Yugo brand had disappeared from most Western markets by 1991 or 1992. In 1999, the factory was damaged by NATO bombing during the Kosovo War . The post-Yugoslav era has been difficult for Zastava, just as most of the other major companies based in Serbia, which suffered from hyperinflation, international sanctions , and economic mismanagement. As

4020-481: Was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro , with a body shape similar to a Fiat Tipo (1988) or Citroën ZX (1991). In the early 1990s, Zastava was affected greatly by the breakup of Yugoslavia . The factory production became unstable because of a problem with supplies. Exports were impossible during those years, because of trade sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia. As a result, its cars disappeared from most foreign markets after 1992. Production stopped in 1993, even though there

4087-402: Was divided into 60 per cent Colombian parts and 40 per cent Serbian parts (from the Zastava 750). The Fiat 600 Multipla was a four-door MPV based on the Fiat 600's drivetrain and Fiat 1100 front suspensions, that sat up to six people in a footprint just 50 cm (19.7 in) longer than the original Mini Cooper and on the same 2 m (78.7 in) wheelbase as the 600 saloon. This

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4154-405: Was in compliance with European standards. In October 2000, Vojislav Koštunica became the new president of Yugoslavia (also a Yugo Koral owner) and soon after, the sanctions against the country were lifted the exports resumed. The production had fallen to a mere 9 per cent of its pre-1990 230,000-vehicle annual capacity, with exports at around 4,000 vehicles. The new Yugoslav government embarked on

4221-416: Was originally to be known as Zastava 102, but the name was dropped in 1981 and the car released as Yugo 45 . It was styled by Zastava with some help from Fiat engineers. It was a shortened Fiat 128 and it followed the style of the Fiat 127 and Autobianchi A112 but with a more square appearance. Several variants were made, with 903 cc, 1116 cc, and 1301 cc engines. In 1981, Zastava entered

4288-569: Was produced by the Zastava factory in Kragujevac , Serbia , from the early 1955 until 1985, during which time it played a major role in motorisation of the country, due to its affordability. The 600 was built as the Fiat 600 R by Sevel in Argentina from 1960 to 1982, with assembly operations also taking place (beginning somewhat later) in Uruguay by Ayax S.A., and in Chile . At first, Someca S.A. built

4355-546: Was recorded. The test car cost £799 including taxes on the UK market. In September 1960 the 600 Multipla benefited from the same mechanical upgrades introduced on the 600 D saloon, the most significant one being an enlarged 767 cc engine, and became the 600 D Multipla . As on the saloon, the 106 D.000 four-cylinder had both larger bore and longer stroke, and produced 25 DIN -rated PS (18.4 kW; 24.7 hp) or 29 CUNA -rated PS 4,800 rpm. In 1956, Fissore designed an open-topped Multipla prototype called

4422-468: Was taken by Fiat . Optional features included dual front airbags and air conditioning, as well as power windows. Although the Zastava 10 was Zastava's newest and best model at that time, it faced fierce competition in its home market against cars like the Volkswagen Polo . However, it had some advantages over many of its rivals, including price. As of December 2007, Zastava 10 price started at €7,550 in

4489-468: Was the most popular car in Spain of the twentieth century, because it was the first car that any Spaniard could buy and served to definitively motorize the country. It is a fundamental element of the well-known " Spanish miracle ", the great industrial development that occurred in the 60s during the Government of General Franco. This great development transformed the country from an agriculture-based economy to

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