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41-396: Zaporizhzhia Oblast (Ukrainian: Запорізька область , romanized:  Zaporizka oblast ), commonly referred to as Zaporizhzhia ( Запоріжжя ), is an oblast (region) in south-east Ukraine . Its administrative centre is Zaporizhzhia . The oblast covers an area of 27,183 square kilometres (10,495 sq mi), and has a population of 1,638,462 (2022 estimate). This oblast

82-482: A process of replacing Soviet toponyms . As the names of the oblasts are mentioned in the Ukrainian constitution, changing them requires a complicated and lengthy process, thus as of 2024, the two oblasts still formally retain their Soviet-era names. According to the Ukrainian constitution, Ukraine is divided into 24 oblasts. However, the majority of four oblasts are under Russian occupation. These oblasts are written in

123-542: A Russian ship and damaged two others in the port of Berdiansk. As of May 2022, the northern parts of the oblast, including its capital city, Zaporizhzhia , are controlled by Ukraine. On 4–5 July 2022 during the international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) hosted in the Swiss city Lugano , the Czech Republic , Finland and Sweden pledged to support the rebuilding of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. On 23–27 September 2022,

164-495: A significant contribution in science and education. The volume of the gross regional product (GRP) of the oblast in 2016 amounted to ₴ 104,323 million (9th place among the regions). The total contribution of the oblast to the GRP of Ukraine was 4.4%. The index of the physical volume of gross regional product in the previous year's prices was 99.7%. The amount of gross value added (GVA) in 2016 amounted to ₴82,054 million (9th place among

205-608: A unique body as the Small Academy of Science . Boys and girls work there in six main disciplines: physics-mathematics, chemistry-biology, history-geography, philology, industrial and information technologies. The Small Academy young members maintain close friendly relations with scientists of big institutes and universities. 26 youngsters became winners of the All-Ukrainian Academy contest, so the Zaporizhzhia oblast team gained

246-667: A whole has a flat topography, but there are markedly elevated and depressed areas, which differ in shape, origin, and age. The highest central-eastern part of the oblast is the Azov Upland . It extends to the east and to the territory of Donetsk Oblast , where it meets the Donetsk ridge. In the south, between the Azov Upland and the Sea of Azov , is the western part of the Azov coastal plain, which flows into

287-506: Is also called Poltavshchyna ( Ukrainian : Полтавщина ). Exceptions to this rule include two oblasts, Volyn and Zakarpattia, which retain the names of their respective historical regions, Volyn ( Volhynia ) and Zakarpattia ( Transcarpathia ), whose respective capitals are Lutsk and Uzhhorod . The capital cities of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast were renamed to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi in 2016 as part of

328-611: Is an important part of Ukraine's industry and agriculture. Most of the area of the oblast has been under Russian military occupation since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , including all of the coast, although the capital and the majority of the population remains under Ukrainian administration. On 30 September 2022, Russia declared it had annexed the Donetsk ( Donetsk People's Republic ), Luhansk ( Luhansk People's Republic ), Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson oblasts, despite having failed to occupy all of these Ukrainian territories. However,

369-1077: Is the most flexible and advanced. Today, 25 state-controlled technical colleges have I-II class rank and 8 higher institutions have III-IV class certificates. These are the university and the Zaporizhzhia Politechnic, the Medical University and the Institute of Law with Ministry of Internal Affairs in Zaporizhzhia City, the Pedagogical University, the Agricultural Academy in Melitopol and the Pedagogical Institute in Berdiansk. There are also five higher-education private bodies—the Institute of Economics and Information Technologies,

410-592: The Black Sea west of the Molochna River . The northeastern end of the coastal plain merges with the Zaporizhzhia inner plain, which borders the southeastern outskirts of the Dnieper Upland. Thus, the territory of Zaporizhzhia Oblast consists of two distinct geomorphological parts: the outskirts of the Azov and Dnipro uplands, which structurally correspond to the southeastern part of the Ukrainian crystalline massif and

451-665: The Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR; parts of the surrounding oblasts were incorporated into the Cherkasy Oblast , while Izmail Oblast was absorbed by Odesa Oblast . In 1959, Drohobych Oblast was merged with Lviv Oblast . Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their respective administrative centers , which are also

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492-815: The Don region. South Russia was an anti- Bolshevik military state under the Armed Forces of South Russia led by General Anton Denikin , and its borders were undefined, changing based on victories or defeats against the Red Army . In March 1920, Denikin established the South Russian Government in Novorossiysk , an attempt at a civil government with the General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia serving as

533-707: The Mongol Empire , Lithuania , the Crimean Khanate , Poland , and Russia . Khortytsia , former fortress of the Zaporozhian Cossacks , is located in the province. In 1917–1920 the territory passed subsequently between the Bolsheviks , Ukrainians , White Russians , Makhnovists , the Bolsheviks once again, White Russians once again, and eventually fell to the Bolsheviks in late 1920. The modern Zaporizhzhia Oblast

574-615: The President of Ukraine upon nomination by the Cabinet of Ministers . Since Ukraine is a unitary state, there is little true political power and weight that these local administrations actually hold. Carrying out their authority, the heads of local administrations are accountable to the President and are subordinate to higher bodies of executive leadership. According to the Constitution the head of

615-555: The Russian Federation held a referendum in the occupied territories of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts for "independence and subsequent entry into the Russian Federation". These referendums are recognized by most states to be staged and against international law. On 29 September 2022, the Russian Federation recognized Zaporizhzhia Oblast as an independent state. On 30 September, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced

656-489: The Seven Wonders of Ukraine . Following the reforms of 2020, the oblast is divided into five new raions, which is reduced from 25. The system of municipalities (cities of regional significance) that were directly subordinate to the oblast government was discontinued. All populated places were subordinated to raion (district) government. Since March of 2022, the armed forces of the Russian Federation control bigger portion of

697-508: The West Ukraine and Bessarabia . Upon the occupation of Ukraine by Nazi Germany the territory was split between General Government , Kingdom of Romania and Reichskommissariat Ukraine and carried out a completely different administrative division, see Reichskommissariat Ukraine . With the re-establishing of Soviet power in the state after the war, the administrative division by oblast resumed, adding one more oblast— Zakarpattia . In 1954,

738-589: The annexation of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast and three other Ukrainian territories, and signed "accession decrees" that are widely considered to be illegal. At that time, Russia was only in control of about 70% of the province as a whole. The United Nations General Assembly subsequently passed a resolution calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw". The following sites were nominated for

779-454: The disputed referendums and subsequent annexations are not internationally recognized. To the south, Zaporizhzhia Oblast covers roughly 150 kilometres (93 mi) of coastline of the Sea of Azov , as part of a coastal region known as Pryazovia , also including the coastal regions of Kherson Oblast and Donetsk Oblast, to the west and east, respectively. The area of the oblast is 27,183 km; its population (estimated as of 1 January 2013)

820-404: The italic typeface. The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast are pending renaming following the renaming of their capital cities to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi. South Russia (1919%E2%80%931920) South Russia or South of Russia ( Russian : Юг Росси́и , romanized :  Yug Rossii ), also known as White South ( Russian : Белый Юг , romanized :  Bely Yug )

861-777: The 1st place. 325 secondary schools, five classical schools, a collegium, and three comprehensive schools use the Ukrainian language. Nevertheless, the minorities have a free choice—193 schools are Russian, a large Jewish school «Alef» works in Zaporizhzhia and smaller ones exist in other points, a Ukrainian-Bulgarian Lyceum is in Primorsky district. The Greek, Czech, Bulgarian languages are very popular in Yakimivsky, Berdyansky, Priazovsky and Melitopole rural districts. One may learn Hebrew, Yiddish, German, Polish, Tatar and other languages attending option courses anywhere. Specialists keep on looking for an adaptive school model. 26 institutions develop

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902-710: The Red conquest of Crimea, and its territory was divided between Soviet Russia , the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , and the territory controlled by the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine of Nestor Makhno . In Soviet historiography , South Russia was called the White South or White South of Russia, in reference to the concept of the White Army . This Russian history –related article

943-551: The State and Municipal Government Institute and the others. Over 65,000 people are students in this oblast. There are 212 Doctors of Science and 1,420 Candidates of Science among their lecturers. The city of Zaporizhzhia is one of the biggest centres for foreigners' education in Ukraine. The International Astronomical Union named two minor planets 5936 Khadzhinov and 19082 Vikchernov in honor of Ukrainians from Zaporizhizhia Oblast who made

984-674: The White stronghold on Crimea, a highly defensible location that had repelled several Red offensives. The Whites were defeated at the Siege of Perekop in November 1920, losing the highly strategic Perekop Isthmus and leaving Crimea vulnerable to Red invasion. Wrangel ordered the evacuation of Crimea , effectively ending his government and the Southern Front in Red Victory. South Russia ceased to exist after

1025-463: The Zaporizhia Oblast. The city of Melitopol is serving as a temporary administration center for the occupied territories. Frontlines stretch through Vasylivka and Polohy raions and just north of both cities of Vasylivka and Polohy . According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census , the population of the oblast was 1,929,171. Some 70.8% considered themselves Ukrainians , while 24.7% were Russians ,

1066-551: The central government authorities in Kyiv. Each region is administered under laws passed by the Ukrainian government and the Constitution of Ukraine. Each region levies its own taxes and, in return, receives a portion of its budget from Kyiv, which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies. Executive power in each of the oblasts (as well as in other subdivisions of Ukraine) is exercised by local elected administrations. The heads of local administrations are in turn appointed and dismissed by

1107-458: The heads of the local Oblast administrations should resign after a new President is elected . Legislative power in the oblast governments is exercised by their respective oblast councils, which in turn supervise the activities of local administrations. They also have considerable budgets managed by an oblast council ( Ukrainian : обласна рада ) made up of people's deputies (representatives) voted into office in regional elections every four years,

1148-699: The humanization process using new teaching technologies. The Khortitsky multi-profile teaching-rehabilitation centre has worked out methods for complete support of sanatorium-boarding-schools' children. Berdiansk is the town where a regional boarding school for orphans works out active socialization programs. 42 institutions provide vocational education. This system distributes well-trained workers to regional industries and businesses. The list of specialties includes over 100 names. Vocational schools give courses for improving qualifications in cooperation with unemployment centres. More than 1,500 jobless persons get new professions every year due to it. The higher education system

1189-480: The largest and most developed cities in the region. Oblast populations range from 904,000 in Chernivtsi Oblast to 4.4 million in the eastern Donetsk Oblast . The Ukrainian constitution establishes Ukraine as a unitary state. The specific text of the constitution that refers to the territorial structure is as follows. The territorial structure of Ukraine is based on the principles of unity and indivisibility of

1230-439: The last of which took place in 2020 . The name of each oblast is a relative adjective , formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city. For example, Poltava is the administrative center of Poltava Oblast . Most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", such as Poltava Oblast, which

1271-715: The legislative body. Less than a month later, the Whites were forced to evacuate from Novorossiysk , the Armed Forces of South Russia and the South Russian Government were dissolved. Denikin resigned and delegated power to General Pyotr Wrangel , who established the new Government of South Russia in Sevastopol and the new Russian Army, commonly known as the Army of Wrangel in April. During mid-1920, South Russia's territory had receded to

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1312-514: The oblasts). The total contribution of the oblast to the GVA of Ukraine amounted to 4.1% in 2016. The index of physical volume of gross value added in previous year's prices was 99.8%. The main types of economic activity that form the GVA of the oblast are: Oblasts of Ukraine Oblasts are divided into raions , each oblast having from 3 to 8 raions following the July 2020 reform . In Ukraine,

1353-596: The okruhas in 1937–1938, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Odesa, and Kharkiv oblasts were each split into four additional oblasts ( Zhytomyr Oblast , Kamianets-Podilsky Oblast (later Khmelnytskyi), Mykolaiv Oblast , Poltava Oblast ). Just before World War II , the Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast and Voroshylovhrad Oblast and the Kirovohrad Oblast was created out of portions of Kyiv, Mykolaiv and Odesa oblasts. During World War II, Ukraine added eight more oblasts of

1394-509: The outskirts of the coastal Pryazov and Black Sea plains, which are located within the Black Sea basin. The area corresponding approximately to the modern Zaporizhzhia Oblast—according to Herodotus —was called in antiquity as the land of Gerrhos . This area was the burial place of the kings of the "Royal Scythians ". Historically, at various times, the territory was ruled either entirely or partly by Scythia , Old Great Bulgaria , Khazars ,

1435-874: The rest nationalities were Bulgarians (1.4%), Belarusians (0.7%), and others (1.6%). Almost half the population (48.2%) considered the Russian language their native. 679 daytime and 11 evening state schools plus 6 daytime schools that are non-budget supported secondary schools involved 271,400 pupils in 2001. 22 classical schools, 8 lyceums, a Sichovy collegium and 54 education-breeding complex bodies aren't out of reach to gifted children. New style 38 complex kindergarten-schools work too. Over 60,000 children develop their talents through out-of-school institutions. They attend 30 creative centres, 6 science-technical stations and four young naturalists' stations, five tourist clubs, three training flotillas, 11 children's sports clubs and 20 sports schools. The extra-scholastic education system has such

1476-416: The state territory, the combination of centralisation and decentralisation in the exercise of state power, and the balanced socio-economic development of regions that takes into account their historical, economic, ecological, geographical and demographic characteristics, and ethnic and cultural traditions. Each of Ukraine's oblasts has its own legislative and executive authority, most of which is subordinate to

1517-463: The summer of 1932, Donetsk Oblast was formed out of eastern parts of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts; in the fall of 1932 Chernihiv Oblast was formed on the border of Kyiv and Kharkiv oblasts. Between 1935 and 1938, there were several newly created and self-governed special border okrugs (okruhas) located along the western border of the Soviet Union in Ukraine and Belarus. Upon liquidation of

1558-583: The term oblast denotes a primary administrative division . Under the Russian Empire and into the 1920s, Ukraine was divided between several governorates . The term oblast was introduced in 1932 by Soviet authorities when the Ukrainian SSR was divided into seven oblasts, replacing the previous subdivision system based on okruhas and encompassing 406 raions (districts). The first oblasts were Vinnytsia Oblast , Kyiv Oblast , Odesa Oblast , Kharkiv Oblast , and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast . Soon after that, in

1599-448: Was 1,785,243. Donetsk Oblast is located within the regions of Zaporizhzhia (northern part) and Pryazovia (southern part). The largest cities by priority: Zaporizhzhia Oblast is characterized by a flat landscape. Soils are mostly chernozem . Knowledge of the relief of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast today is especially important because of the problem of land reclamation and its more intensive use. The territory of Zaporizhzhia Oblast as

1640-752: Was a short-lived military quasi-state that existed in Eastern Europe during the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War from 1919 to 1920. South Russia was established on 8 January 1919 by the White movement after reorganization of their armed forces in the Southern Front, consisting of territory under their control in Ukraine , Crimea , Kuban , the North Caucasus , Black Earth region , Lower Volga , and

1681-676: Was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on 10 January 1939 out of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast . During the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum , 90.66% of votes in the oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine . During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the Russian armed forces occupied the southern part of the oblast , defeating the Ukrainian armed forces at Melitopol and at Enerhodar . Ukrainian forces conducted an attack that destroyed

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