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27-859: List of presidents of the Bishops' Conference: 1966-1969: Adam Kozlowiecki , archbishop of Lusaka 1969-1972: James Corboy , Bishop of Monze 1972-1975: Medardo Joseph Mazombwe , Bishop of Chipata 1975-1977: Elias White Mutale , Archbishop of Kasama 1977-1984: Dennis Harold De Jong , Bishop of Ndola 1984-1988: Spaita James , Bishop of Mansa 1988-1990: Medardo Joseph Mazombwe , Bishop of Chipata 1990-1993: Dennis Harold De Jong , Bishop of Ndola 1993-1999: George Telesphore Mpundu , Bishop of Mpika 1999-2002: Medardo Joseph Mazombwe , archbishop of Lusaka 2002-2008: George Telesphore Mpundu , Bishop of Mpika and then archbishop of Lusaka 2008 - ... George Cosmas Zumaire Lungu , Bishop of Chipata This organization-related article on

54-451: A maximum of 60 days until elections are called. On 10 April 2010, a plane carrying Polish president Lech Kaczyński , his wife , and 94 others including many Polish officials crashed near Smolensk North Airport in Russia ; there were no survivors. Bronisław Komorowski took over acting presidential powers following the incident. On 8 July, Komorowski resigned from the office of Marshal of

81-640: A noble family of Ostoja coat of arms , Kozłowiecki was ordained a Jesuit priest on 24 June 1937 after studying at the Zakład Naukowo-Wychowawczy Ojców Jezuitów w Chyrowie . In 1939 he and 24 confrères were arrested by the Gestapo in Kraków and sent to Auschwitz . Six months later he was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp , where he remained until the end of the war. After his release,

108-578: Is the head of state of the Republic of Poland . Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland . The president jointly partakes in the executive branch with the parliamentary Polish government . In addition, the president has a limited right to dissolve parliament, can veto legislation , represents Poland in the international arena, and is ceremonially the commander-in-chief . The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz ,

135-667: The Polish people's referendum . When the Sejm passed the Small Constitution of 1947 , based in part on the 1921 March Constitution, Bierut was elected president by that body. He served until the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic of 1952 eliminated the office of the president, replacing it with a collective leadership called the Council of State ( Polish : Rada Państwa ). Following

162-475: The " May Coup ", overthrew President Stanisław Wojciechowski and had the National Assembly elect a new one, Ignacy Mościcki , thus establishing the " Sanation regime". Before Piłsudski's death, parliament passed a more authoritarian 1935 April Constitution of Poland (not in accord with the amendment procedures of the 1921 March Constitution). Mościcki continued as president until he resigned in 1939 in

189-411: The 1989 amendments to the constitution which restored the presidency, general Wojciech Jaruzelski , the existing head of state, took office. In Poland's first direct presidential election , Lech Wałęsa won and was sworn in on 22 December 1990. The office of the president was preserved in the Constitution of Poland passed in 1997; the constitution now provides the requirements for, the duties of and

216-617: The Catholic Church or a Catholic institution is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Adam Kozlowiecki Cardinal Adam Kozłowiecki , S.J. , ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈadam kɔzwɔˈvjɛt͡skʲi] ; 1 April 1911 – 28 September 2007) was Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lusaka in Zambia. Born in Huta Komorowska , Austria-Hungary (now part of Poland ) into

243-512: The Office of the President and are used by the head of state as their official residence, private residence, residence for visiting foreign officials etc. The constitution states that the president is an elected office, there is no directly elected presidential line of succession. If the president is unable to execute their powers and duties, the marshal of the Sejm will have the powers of a president for

270-620: The Sejm after winning the presidential election. According to the constitution, the acting president then became the marshal of the Senate , Bogdan Borusewicz . In the afternoon Grzegorz Schetyna was elected as a new marshal of the Sejm and he became acting president. Schetyna served as the interim head of state until the swearing-in of Komorowski on 6 August. Within Poland, former presidents are entitled to lifetime personal security protection by State Protection Service officers, in addition to receiving

297-518: The Vicar General proposed that Kozłowiecki go to Northern Rhodesia , where the Polish Jesuits had a mission. He taught there for several years until being appointed Apostolic Administrator of the new Prefecture of Lusaka in 1950. As the mission grew, he was named Bishop and Vicar Apostolic on 11 September 1955. In 1959 he was appointed the first Metropolitan Archbishop of Lusaka . He resigned from

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324-425: The accreditations of representatives of other states. The president also makes decisions on award of highest academic titles, as well as state distinctions and orders. In addition, they have the right of clemency, viz. they can dismiss final court verdicts (in practice, the president consults such decisions with the minister of justice ). The president is also the supreme commander of the armed forces ; they appoint

351-569: The aftermath of the German invasion of Poland . Mościcki and his government went into exile in Romania , where Mościcki was interned. In Angers , France , Władysław Raczkiewicz , at the time the speaker of the Senate, assumed the presidency after Mościcki's resignation on 29 September 1939. Following the fall of France , the president and the Polish government-in-exile were evacuated to London , United Kingdom . The transfer from Mościcki to Raczkiewicz

378-417: The authority of the office. The topic of creation the presidency role as a single-person position was meant to safeguard slow, gentle political change to keep the interests of the ruling party. By March 1989, a compromise regarding the creation of the institution of the presidency was reached between the government and the opposition. In return for a constitutionally defined presidency with various competences,

405-509: The chief of the general staff and the commanders of all of the service branches; in wartime, they nominate the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and can order a general mobilisation. The president performs their duties with the help of the following offices: the Chancellery of the President , the Office of National Security, and the Body of Advisors to the President. Several properties are owned by

432-419: The day of the first round of the election, and collect at least 100,000 signatures of registered voters. Article 126 paragraph 1 states that the president is the supreme representative of the state, rather than the people, a privilege reserved for the deputies of the Sejm and senators of the Senate. The constitution confirms for the president the role of securing the continuity of state authority. The position of

459-656: The presence of at least half of the statutory number of members of the Sejm (230). Before signing a bill into law, the president can also ask the Constitutional Tribunal to verify its compliance with the Constitution, which in practice bears a decisive influence on the legislative process. In their role as supreme representative of the Polish state, the president has the power to ratify and revoke international agreements, nominates and recalls ambassadors, and formally accepts

486-403: The presidency has an arbiter function (while not directly mentioned, unlike France or Romania ), with the president playing a major role in the political system, assisted by a set of legal instruments with which they can exert influence on the organs of state authority and the political system. The president has a free choice in selecting the prime minister , yet in practice they usually give

513-467: The president. The Small constitution of October 17, 1992 created a parliamentarisation of the political system and while the presidency remained in the active model, it was deprived of far-reaching governing powers. In recent years, newly elected presidents have renounced formal ties with their political party before taking office. The president of Poland is elected directly by the people to serve for five years and can be reelected only once. Pursuant to

540-412: The provisions of the Constitution, the president is elected by an absolute majority. If no candidate succeeds in passing this threshold, a second round of voting is held with the participation of the two candidates with the largest and second largest number of votes respectively. In order to be registered as a candidate in the presidential election, one must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on

567-408: The ruling party agreed to relinquish its position as managing organ within the state. The presidency would be created along with the restoration of a freely elected upper house, the Senate. The president would be elected by a joint session of the lower house (Sejm) and the Senate. By this way, representatives of the opposition, sitting in the Senate, would be involved in the political process of electing

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594-649: The see in 1969 so that an African could be appointed Archbishop. He participated in all the sessions of the Second Vatican Council and in the first Synod of Bishops in 1967, and in the 1994 Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops dedicated to Africa. After his resignation, he continued to serve as a missionary in Zambia. He was a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1970 to 1991. He

621-423: The task of forming a new government to a politician supported by the political party with the majority of seats in the Sejm (usually, though not always, it is the leader of that political party). The president has the right to initiate the legislative process. They also have the opportunity to directly influence it by using their veto to stop a bill; however, a veto can be overruled by a three-fifths majority vote in

648-626: Was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate ) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution . Narutowicz was assassinated on 16 December 1922. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been "Chief of State" ( Naczelnik Państwa ) under the provisional Small Constitution of 1919 . In 1926 Piłsudski staged

675-570: Was created a Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 1998; he was Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus S. Andreae in Quirinali . Because he reached 80 before becoming Cardinal, he was not eligible to participate in the 2005 conclave. He died on 28 September 2007. The Cardinal received many recognitions, among them from President of Poland , Lech Kaczyński on 24 May 2007. The Adam Kozłowiecki Museum and Foundation, "Heart without Borders",

702-471: Was founded in his honor. pap, ss: Zmarł kardynał Kozłowiecki (pol.). wprost.pl, 2007-09-28. [dostęp 2011-06-20]. M.P. z 2007 r. nr 57, poz. 641 President of Poland [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The president of Poland ( Polish : Prezydent RP [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ɛrˈpɛ] ), officially the president of the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ),

729-469: Was in accordance with Article 24 of the 1935 April Constitution. Raczkiewicz was followed by a succession of presidents in exile, of whom the last one was Ryszard Kaczorowski . In 1945–54, Poland became a part of Soviet -controlled central-eastern Europe . Bolesław Bierut assumed the reins of government and in July 1945 was internationally recognised as the head of state. The Senate was abolished in 1946 by

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