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29-437: Me Yun San ( Burmese : မယ်ယွန်းစံ [mɛ̀ jʊ́ɰ̃ sàɰ̃] ; 1713–31 July 1771) is the empress consort of King Alaungpaya of Burma (Myanmar), and the royal mother who gave birth to three kings of Konbaung Dynasty : Naungdawgyi , Hsinbyushin and Bodawpaya . She served as the regent while Alaungpaya went to war. Alaungpaya had officially pronounced that all sons of Yun San would become kings in order of seniority. She

58-737: A family name . For example, Tun Myint's wife changed her last name to Myint, but Myint is part of his personal name. Honorifics are additions to a given name, commonly used both in written and spoken communication, especially with shorter names comprising one or two syllables. The practice of using honorifics is widespread across all cultures in the Burmese region. While certain ethnic groups may have unique honorifics, these terms are typically recognized and adopted by other groups rather than being translated. For instance, Aung San's parents are commonly referred to as U Pha and Daw Suu. While these could be translated as "Mr. Pha" and "Ms. Suu," they are often used in

87-719: A chapter on American English grammar and use, and a revised treatment of mathematical copy. In August 2010, the 16th edition was published simultaneously in the hardcover and online editions for the first time in the manual's history. In a departure from the earlier red-orange cover, the 16th edition features a robin's-egg blue dust jacket (a nod to older editions with blue jackets, such as the 11th and 12th). The 16th edition featured "music, foreign languages, and computer topics (such as Unicode characters and URLs )". It also expands recommendations for producing electronic publications, including web-based content and e-books . An updated appendix on production and digital technology demystified

116-459: A citation guide summary, and searchable access to a Q&A, where University of Chicago Press editors answer readers' style questions. The Chicago Manual of Style also discusses the parts of a book and the editing process. An annual subscription is required for access to the online content of the manual (access to the Q&;A, however, is free, as are various editing tools). Many publishers throughout

145-460: A comprehensive reference style guide of 1,146 pages in its 17th edition. It was one of the first editorial style guides published in the United States, and it is largely responsible for research methodology standardization, notably citation style . The most significant revision to the manual was made for the 12th edition, published in 1969. Its first printing of 20,000 copies sold out before it

174-412: A full bibliography at the end. Two types of citation styles are provided. In both cases, two parts are needed: first, notation in the text, which indicates that the information immediately preceding was from another source; and second, the full citation, which is placed at another location. Using author-date style, the sourced text is indicated parenthetically with the last name(s) of the author(s) and

203-429: A full citation either at the bottom of the page (as a footnote) or at the end of a main body of text (as an endnote). In both instances, the citation is also placed in a bibliography entry at the end of the material, listed in alphabetical order of the author's last name. The two formats differ: notes use commas where bibliography entries use periods. The following is an example of a journal article citation provided as

232-406: A more informal manner. Some of the common honorifics used in Burmese culture include: According to The Chicago Manual of Style , Burmese names are indexed by the first element unless this element is an honorific. Honorifics are mentioned after the other elements of the name, separated by a comma, or are not stated at all. Many Burmese Buddhists also use astrology (which is determined by

261-515: A note and its bibliography entry. In order of appearance, the elements of a bibliography entry are: What now is known as The Chicago Manual of Style was first published in 1906 under the title Manual of Style: Being a compilation of the typographical rules in force at the University of Chicago Press, to which are appended specimens of type in use . From its first 203-page edition, the CMOS evolved into

290-440: Is available in print as a hardcover book, and by subscription as a searchable website as The Chicago Manual of Style Online. The online version provides some free resources, primarily aimed at teachers, students, and libraries. The Chicago Manual of Style is published in hardcover and online. The online edition includes the searchable text of the 16th through 18th—its most recent—editions with features such as tools for editors,

319-561: Is famous for her peace keeping efforts between her two eldest sons, Naungdawgyi and Hsinbyushin, regarding the succession to throne after Alaungpaya's death in 1760. She died during Hsinbyushin's reign in 1771. Burmese honorifics Burmese names ( Burmese : မြန်မာ အမည် ) lack the serial structure of most Western names. Like other Mainland Southeast Asian countries, the people of Myanmar have no customary matronymic or patronymic naming system and therefore have no surnames . Although other Mainland Southeast Asian countries introduced

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348-439: Is for block quotations , where the citation is placed outside the punctuation. The full citation for the source is then included in a references section at the end of the material. As publication dates are prominent in this style, the reference entry places the publication date following the author(s) name. Using notes and bibliography style, the sourced text is indicated by a superscripted note number that corresponds to

377-479: Is named Aung San Suu Kyi ( အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည် ). The first part of her name, "Aung San", is from her father's name at the time of her birth. "Suu" comes from her grandmother. "Kyi" comes from her mother, Khin Kyi ( ခင်ကြည် ). The addition of the father or mother's name in a person's name is now quite frequent, although it does not denote the development of a family name. Other nomenclature systems are used as well. The use of

406-426: Is used widely by academic and some trade publishers, as well as editors and authors who are required by those publishers to follow it. Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations also reflects Chicago style. Chicago style offers writers a choice of several different formats. It allows the mixing of formats, provided that the result is clear and consistent. For instance,

435-402: The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style permits the use of both in-text citation systems and/or footnotes or endnotes , including use of "content notes"; it gives information about in-text citation by page number (such as MLA style ) or by year of publication (like APA style ); it even provides for variations in styles of footnotes and endnotes, depending on whether the paper includes

464-408: The cases of U Nu and U Thant ("U" being an honorific). In the mid-20th century, many Burmese started using two syllables, albeit without any formal structure. In the late 1890s, British scholars observed that Arakanese commonly adopted three-syllable names whereas Burmans were still using one or two at most. As they become more familiar with Western culture, Burmese people are gradually increasing

493-567: The child's day of birth in the traditional eight-day calendar) to name their children. For instance, a Monday-born child may have a name beginning with the letter "k" ( က ). The following is a traditional chart that corresponds the day of birth with the first letter used in a child's name, although this naming scheme is not universally used today: The Chicago Manual of Style The guide specifically focuses on American English and deals with aspects of editorial practice, including grammar and usage, as well as document preparation and formatting. It

522-405: The latest publishing practices and electronic workflows and self-publishing. Citation recommendations, the glossary of problematic words and phrases, and the bibliography have all been updated and expanded. In the 17th edition, email lost its hyphen, internet became lowercase, the singular "they" and "their" are now acceptable in certain circumstances, a major new section on syntax has been added, and

551-412: The long-standing recommendation to use "ibid" has changed due to electronic publishing. The 18th edition was the first to recommend omitting publication locations from citations. It added citation styles for A.I. generated text and images, increased the scope of usage of singular and non-binary "they," and abandoned its efforts (since 1969) of writing "Roman" in "Roman numerals" in lowercase. It removed

580-453: The majority of Burmese with single-syllable names. Former titles, such as min ( မင်း ; "leader") were re-appropriated as part of personal names. For example, Burmese nationalist Aung San 's parents were named Pha ( ဖာ ) and Suu ( စု ), both of which are single-syllable names. His birth name was Htain Lin ( ထိန်လင်း ), but he changed his name to Aung San ( အောင်ဆန်း ) later in life. His child

609-534: The many questions that arise when documenting online and digital sources, from the use of DOIs to citing social networking sites . Figures and tables are updated throughout the book, including a return to manual's popular hyphenation table and new, selective listings of Unicode numbers for special characters. In 2013, an adapted Spanish version was published by the University of Deusto in Bilbao , Spain. In April 2016,

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638-407: The names of one's parents and relatives in personal names has been criticized as an un-Burmese adoption of seriality , although it differs from historical Western practices. Burman names commonly include Pali -derived words combined with native Burmese words, including: Burmese people who marry foreigners or move to countries that use surnames may use their name as if part of it represented

667-413: The number of syllables in their children's names, by use of various structures. Today, names with up to four syllables are common for men and up to five for women. Scholars such as Thant Myint-U have argued that the rise of complex Burmese personal names resulted from the collapse of the Burmese monarchy, which ended the sophisticated system of Pali-Burmese styles, crown service and gentry titles, leaving

696-437: The process of electronic workflow and offered a primer on the use of XML markup. It also includes a revised glossary, including a host of terms associated with electronic and print publishing. The Chicago system of documentation is streamlined to achieve greater consistency between the author-date and notes-bibliography systems of citation, making both systems easier to use. In addition, updated and expanded examples address

725-506: The publisher released The Chicago Guide to Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation , Bryan A. Garner 's expansion of his Chicago Manual of Style chapter on the topic, and coinciding with the release of the new edition of Garner's Modern American Usage . The 17th edition was published in September 2017. It offers new and expanded style guidelines in response to advancing technology and social change. It also includes new and revised content reflecting

754-441: The using of surnames in early 20th century, Myanmar never introduced the using of surnames and lack surnames in the modern day. In the culture of Myanmar , people can change their name at will, often with no government oversight, to reflect a change in the course of their lives. Also, many Myanmar names use an honorific , given at some point in life, as an integral part of the name. Burmese names were originally one syllable, as in

783-747: The world adopt "Chicago" as their style. It is used in some social science publications, most North American historical journals, and remains the basis for the Style Guide of the American Anthropological Association , the Style Sheet for the Organization of American Historians , and corporate style guides, including the Apple Style Guide . The Chicago Manual of Style includes chapters relevant to publishers of books and journals. It

812-433: The year of publication with no intervening punctuation. When page numbers are used, they are placed along with the author's last name and date of publication after an interposed comma. If the author's name is used in the text, only the date of publication need be cited parenthetically (with or without the page number). In-text citations are usually placed just inside a mark of punctuation. An exception to this rule

841-454: Was printed. In 1982, with the publication of the 13th edition, it was officially retitled The Chicago Manual of Style , adopting the informal name already in widespread use. More recently, the publishers have released a new edition about every seven to ten years. The 15th edition (2003) was revised to reflect the emergence of computer technology and the internet in publishing, offering guidance for citing electronic works. Other changes include

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