62-642: Political party in Yugoslavia Yugoslav Republican Party Jugoslovenska republikanska stranka Југословенска републиканска странка Leader Ljubomir Stojanović Founded 1920 Dissolved 1929 Headquarters Belgrade , Yugoslavia Ideology Republicanism Federalism Liberalism Politics of Yugoslavia Political parties Elections The Yugoslav Republican Party ( Serbian : Југословенска републиканска странка ),
124-730: A vice president ; therefore, the party's de jure internal leader either takes a background role (such as the Chairs of the Democratic , and Republican parties in the United States, who serve more so as the chief administrative officers of their respective political parties), or the leadership may be automatically bestowed on an incumbent president who belongs to the party (such as the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan). In countries using
186-502: A Croatian state under Italian protection. Maček wrote back declining the offer and saying that was not what he asked for and that he had struck a deal with Cvetković government in the meantime. The Cvetković–Maček Agreement was concluded on 26 August 1939 establishing autonomous Banovina of Croatia . Maček became the deputy prime minister of Yugoslavia and several members of the Peasant–Democratic Coalition were added to
248-455: A German party are not even members of parliament, such as Saskia Esken and Lars Klingbeil , who are incumbent the chairpersons of the (governing) Social Democrats . This sometimes leads to open conflicts between the party leadership, its parliamentary group and its members of government. In the Netherlands , the party leaders are the most senior politicians within the political parties in
310-564: A Monarchy divided into three equal parts – Austria, Hungary and Croatia. After the creation of Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Party requested for the Croatian part of the Kingdom to be based on self-determination. This brought them great public support which culminated in 1920 parliamentary election when HPSS won all 58 seats assigned to Croatia. In 1920, disgruntled with a bad position of Croats in
372-696: A federal unit for Croatia within Yugoslavia, with joint foreign affairs, defence, central bank, state monopolies, and customs. He modified the territorial demands by moving the Vrbas line to the Bosna River . In return, the Italian Foreign Ministry drafted a document offering Maček a loan to finance an uprising which the HSS would launch and then invite Italian military intervention. The plan also envisaged establishment of
434-463: A line between Ilok and Sremska Mitrovica , and Dalmatia without the Bay of Kotor with the addition of Bosnia and Herzegovina west of Vrbas and Neretva Rivers. At the time, Italy was harbouring and supporting Croatian nationalist group Ustaše , but Ciano preferred to work with Maček because the HSS enjoyed far greater support among Croats and because Ciano believed that would discourage contacts between
496-454: A much more prominent role in German politics than they do in many other countries, where the parties are mainly represented by their members and leaders in government. Although the party leaders often also hold important public offices (such as government minister or parliamentary leader ), those roles are clearly separated, even by law. Consequently, it does occasionally happen that the leaders of
558-740: A new party; examples of this include when Jean-François Fortin quit the Bloc Québécois to form Strength in Democracy in 2014 and when Maxime Bernier quit the Conservative Party to form the People's Party of Canada in 2018. The leaders of communist parties often hold the title of general secretary (e.g. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of
620-525: A response to Ustaše challenge for dominance among Croats as a force capable of providing physical protection following the Velebit uprising . It was meant to demonstrate that the HSS is not a pacifist organisation resigned to passivity. In cities, the HSZ operated under the name of Croatian Civil Defence. In 1936 and 1937, Maček unsuccessfully negotiated with Regent Prince Paul Prime Minister Milan Stojadinović with
682-595: A single self-governing unit and stopping Italian immigration by abolishing the 1925 Treaty of Nettuno . In November, the HSS formed the Peasant-Democratic Coalition with the Independent Democratic Party ( Samostalna demokratska stranka , SDS), the most popular party among the Serbs of Croatia . Tense relations between the opposition and the government deteriorated further until a shouting match in
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#1732851351842744-602: Is also elected through public opinion polls, not party members. For the PPP, however, they calculate the public opinion poll and the party member poll by 50:50. The major political parties in Taiwan are the Democratic Progressive Party and the Kuomintang . The Democratic Progress Party's constitution stipulates that the President may serve directly as Party Chairman without an election during
806-436: Is therefore different from leader of parliamentary committee of a party. This is much harder to do in presidential and semi-presidential systems , where the chief executive is a president who can only be removed by a special impeachment (typically involving a legislative supermajority , an investigation by a constitutional court , or both), and removal entails either a snap election or automatic succession to office by
868-892: The 1923 parliamentary election it received 18,941 (0.9%) and lost its seats, never managing to win seats in the 1925 and 1927 elections. It was dissolved after the 6 January Dictatorship (1929). Election results [ edit ] Year Votes % Seats 1920 18,136 1.1% 3 1923 18,941 0.9% 0 1925 20,388 0.8% 0 1927 6,122 0.3% 0 References [ edit ] Sources [ edit ] Dragan Subotić (1998). Srpske političke stranke i pokreti u 19. i 20. veku: Političke stranke i pokreti u političkom životu međuratne Srbije (i Jugoslavije) (1918.-1941.). Primeri iz političke istorije, kulture i sociologije političkih partija . In-t za političke studije. ISBN 9788674190289 . v t e Political parties in
930-609: The 1945 election because of their opposition to the Communists . During the period of SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991), HSS was active abroad. On 25 May 1991, HSS was restored under the leadership of Drago Stipac at the so-called Assembly of Unification . The party first entered Government after 2000 elections , on which it participated as part of liberal coalition (HSS- IDS - HNS - LS - SDA ), with Ivica Račan ( SDP ) serving as Prime Minister and its president Zlatko Tomčić as Parliament Speaker . After HSS lost 2003 election , it moved to
992-565: The House of Representatives , with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most of the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader , whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader . Party leaders in the United States Senate have been elected by their respective political parties' caucuses since 1913. They include President of
1054-1060: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Agrarian Party Bunjevac-Šokac Party Communist Party of Yugoslavia Croatian Peasant Party Croatian Popular Party Croatian Bloc Croatian Union Džemijet German Party Independent Agrarian Party Independent Democratic Party Montenegrin Federalist Party Party of Rights People's Radical Party People's Socialist Party Slovene People's Party Slovene Peasant Party Socialist Party of Yugoslavia Democratic Party Yugoslav Radical Union Yugoslav National Party Yugoslav Republican Party Yugoslav National Movement Yugoslav Muslim Organization Yugoslav Muslim People's Organization Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Republican_Party&oldid=1252873956 " Categories : Political parties in
1116-623: The Partisans . But the vast majority of HSS supporters remained passive and neutral for the duration of the war as the Ustasha, the communist Partisans and the royalist Chetniks fought for control. After the communist victory, the KPJ established one-party rule — the HSS, along with other political parties were declared illegal. In 1947, HSS joined the International Peasants' Union . Maček represented
1178-643: The Peasant International , the regime initiated a campaign to suppress the party activities in the run up to the 1925 Yugoslav parliamentary election using political, police, military and paramilitary pressure, and arresting its leaders. Even though the party achieved the second-largest share of seats, the government retained its parliamentary majority. Nonetheless, shortly after the election, there were negotiations between Radić and King Alexander 's envoys. The talks ended in Radić renouncing republicanism and accepting
1240-672: The Vice President likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer and the President of the Senate . However, major parties also generally have a National Committee as their governing body, which has separate leadership roles. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress , is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate , and the lower chamber,
1302-405: The de facto party leaders. The leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon the completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form a new party. It is possible to co-chair a party. The party leader is the most prominent politician of
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#17328513518421364-536: The dualist Austria-Hungary at the time. The founding of the HPSS was a part of the process of fragmentation of the United Croat Opposition [ hr ] . The party pursued the establishment of a comprehensive grassroots network, national unity and agrarianism , as the Radić's distrusted traditional political parties. Even though the HPSS achieved only minor significance before the end of World War I ,
1426-429: The legislature and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader . In several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , if the party leader's political party emerges with a majority of seats in parliament after a general election , is the leading party in a coalition government , or (in some instances) is the largest party in a minority parliament , that party's leader often serves as
1488-477: The parliamentary party , or particular party office-holders, may vote; in others, such as the British Labour Party , though the entire membership is eligible to vote, some electors may have a much larger share of the vote than others (see also Superdelegate for a similar concept). If only one candidate emerges, they are said to be "elected by acclamation " or "ratified" by the general membership (sometimes
1550-411: The prime minister . Thus, in the politics of several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , a political party's leader is treated as a de facto candidate for prime minister by the media and the general public, even if said office is technically not directly elected. Party Head or leader of a political party, subject to party's constitutional document need not be elected member of legislature and
1612-465: The Chinese Communist Party ) and the officeholder is usually considered the paramount leader of China. On 15 November 2012, Xi Jinping was elected General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party at the 18th Communist Party national congress . The party organizations themselves and also their representatives (such as the chairperson, who is the party leader, and other board members) play
1674-514: The HSS and Nazi Germany – denying German access to the Adriatic Sea . Ciano wrote back to Maček urging him to demand more territory and elaborate on his ideas. In 1939, Stojadinović was replaced by Dragiša Cvetković and Maček contacted him with the same request. The two reached a preliminary agreement, but Prince Paul vetoed the idea objecting to partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Maček then wrote back to Ciano explaining that he seeks status of
1736-567: The HSS in exile until his death in 1964. Juraj Krnjević took over as leader until his own death 1988, only a year before the HSS could resume its work within Croatia. With the advent of multi-party system in 1990, the HSS was reconstituted and on the 1990 election won several seats in the Croatian Parliament . They remained in opposition until the 2000 elections when they received three ministerial portfolios as part of their participation in
1798-640: The House by secret ballot . The Republican Party is represented in the House by Speaker of the House of Representatives Mike Johnson , whereas the Democratic Party is represented by Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries . In the House of Representatives, the most powerful official is the House-elected Speaker . Jaime Harrison serves as the chair of the Democratic Party , while Michael Whatley serves as
1860-481: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia Political parties established in 1920 Political parties disestablished in 1929 Defunct liberal political parties Liberalism in Yugoslavia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles containing Serbian-language text Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as
1922-458: The Kingdom, the party changed its name into Croatian Republican Peasant Party ( HRSS ) and started advocating secession from the Kingdom and the establishment of "peaceful peasant Republic of Croatia" . On 1923 and 1925 election, HRSS doubled the number of won votes, and has thus become the second largest party in the Parliament . In 1927, faced with a constant prosecution by the regime, HRSS
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1984-525: The Netherlands . The leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list . Outside election time the leaders most often serve as Parliamentary leader of their party in the House of Representatives , some party leaders opt to serve in
2046-644: The Senate Kamala Harris, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Patty Murray , Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin on the Democratic side, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Minority Whip John Thune on the Republican side. The party leaders of the House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in
2108-478: The Westminster system, the leader of the largest political party not within the government serves as the leader of the opposition . In Canada , the leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon the completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form
2170-399: The aim of consolidation of Croatian lands within Yugoslavia – with a degree of autonomy. Then, after contacting several European governments and failing to get their support, he turned to Italian foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano in 1938. Through an intermediary, Maček explained the HSS wanted Croatia united as a federal unit of Yugoslavia encompassing territories of former Croatia–Slavonia to
2232-580: The cabinet as a minister . In the Republic of Korea , Representatives of most political parties are elected through elections of party members. The representative of the Democratic Party of Korea is Song Young-gil, who was elected in May 2021, and the representative of the conservative opposition PPP is Lee Jun-seok , a famous young politician who was elected in June 2021. In the Democratic party's presidential election, it
2294-574: The cabinet. The agreement angered Ustaše who launched a propaganda campaign against Maček and the HSS as traitors of Croatian interests while Italy switched its support back to Ustaše. The party's fortunes declined precipitously with the outbreak of World War II and the Axis invasion in April 1941. Some party members were divided among those who sympathized with the Croatian fascist Ustasha independence movement, and those whose left-leaning beliefs led them to join
2356-611: The chair of the Republican Party . Croatian Peasant Party The Croatian Peasant Party ( Croatian : Hrvatska seljačka stranka , HSS ) is an agrarian political party in Croatia founded on 22 December 1904 by Antun and Stjepan Radić as Croatian Peoples' Peasant Party (HPSS). The Brothers Radić believed that the realization of Croatian statehood was possible within Austria-Hungary , but that it had to be reformed as
2418-460: The competition against political rivals, similar to the role of a party spokesperson . As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party platforms to the electorate. In many representative democracies , party leaders compete directly for high political office. It is thus typical in such states (notably in the Westminster system ) for the party leader to seek election to
2480-454: The conservative Patriotic Coalition , and supported Tihomir Orešković as Prime Minister. In 2016 election , HSS won 5 seats as part of the liberal People's Coalition . The Croatian People's Peasant Party ( Hrvatska pučka seljačka stranka , HPSS) was established in 1904 by brothers Stjepan Radić and Antun Radić in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia – itself a part of the Hungarian part of
2542-481: The election law, it received 67 out of 373 seats in the parliament. Prompted by the failure of the government to secure the rule of law and public order, the HSS established the Croatian Peasant Defence [ hr ] (HSZ) as a party paramilitary force in 1936. The force was established to protect Croats against paramilitaries supported or tolerated by the regime. The force was also designed as
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2604-434: The establishment of Nazi-puppet state, the so-called Independent State of Croatia (NDH) in 1941, HSS was banned once again, with half of its members joining either Ustaše or Partisans , and part staying loyal to Maček who believed that the victory of Allies would bring liberal democracy into Croatia and that HSS would return to power. In May 1945, Maček left the country, while HSS split into two fractions which boycotted
2666-415: The introduction of universal manhood suffrage , allowing the proportionally large peasant population (80% of Croatia-Slavonia at the time) to predominantly vote for the HPSS. Antun Radić died in 1919, leaving Stjepan as the sole leader of the HPSS. After the war, following the 1920 Croatian Peasant Rebellion , the HPSS became the only significant political party in Croatia, and the second largest party in
2728-472: The monarchy in return for his release and participation in a coalition government led by the People's Radical Party (NRS). The party was renamed the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS). Radić later admitted that he accepted the monarchy to protect his people. The HSS had little real influence in the coalition government which lasted until 1927. At the same time, the Radić's participation in the coalition
2790-530: The new president of HSS after the assassination of Stjepan Radić . After King Alexander declared dictatorship in 1929, HSS was banned and its members prosecuted. HSS participated in the 1935 and 1938 election as a part of the United opposition coalition which helped it to regain its influence. In 1939, Cvetković–Maček Agreement helped in the establishing of the HSS-governed Banovina of Croatia . After
2852-522: The newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia). In 1920s, the HPSS policy was based on republicanism , opposition to further unification of the new state, demands for a neutral Croat peasant republic, and the advocation of national self-determination . To reinforce the republican message, the HPSS was formally renamed the Croatian Republican Peasant Party in 1920. Shortly following its accession to
2914-399: The official representative of their political party , either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political party may officially be party chair , secretary , or the highest political office. The party leader is often responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public and leading
2976-546: The opposition. In 2007 election , HSS formed yet another liberal coalition ( HSLS - PGS - ZDS - ZS ) and eventually ended up leading Ministries of Tourism and Agriculture in the Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II , and Ministries of Tourism and Regional Development in the Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor . In 2011 election , the party won only one seat in the Parliament as has moved to the opposition. In 2015 election HSS won one seat as part of
3038-514: The parliament escalated to the point where NRS deputy Puniša Račić shot several HSS parliament members killing two and wounding three including Radić on 20 June 1928. Radić suggested that the shootings were a result of a regime plan and that the HSS should abandon pacifism. Soon afterwards, Radić died of the wounds on 8 August. Following the assassinations, the Yugoslav state lost any legitimacy among Croats – who appeared united in demands for overhaul of
3100-449: The party and is usually considered to become the head of government . However, a party leader may also put forward a different candidate for the elections. The party leader (chairperson) can not be the same as the party's General Secretary . The method of selection of the party leader varies from party to party, though often it will involve an election involving all or part of the party membership. In some parties, only incumbent members of
3162-532: The party gradually became a mass movement after 1918. This gave it the central role in the completion of Croatian national integration. The HPSS platform of antimilitarism and pacifism became very popular in the final year of the war, especially in Croatia-Slavonia, which was affected by widespread unrest associated with the Green Cadres . Furthermore, the restricted voting rights were expanded after 1918 by
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#17328513518423224-1020: The party won 7.2% of the popular vote and 10 out of 151 seats (nine domestic seats and one minority seat). Before the 2007 parliamentary elections , HSS announced a coalition with opposition parties Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Croatian Social Liberal Party . The coalition received 6.5% of the popular vote and 8 out of 153 seats (six for HSS itself). After elections they became part of Ivo Sanader 's governing coalition and received two ministerial portfolios (regional development and tourism), vicepresident of government and vicepresident of Parliament. On 2011 parliamentary elections party score worst result in party's history receiving only one parliamentary seat and 3% of popular vote. Party convention 28 January 2012 elected Branko Hrg as new president. In 2014 Croatian Peasant Party in coalition with Croatian Democratic Union won one seat in European Parliament – Marijana Petir . However, on 6 June 2017 Petir
3286-569: The republican movement of the HRSS as a potential recruitment pool. The HSS conversely, regardless of KPJ's formal federalist policy, saw the KPJ as unitarists and essentially a political endeavour to promote Serbian agenda. The HSS left the government in January 1927. Radić resumed pursuit of resolution of the Croatian question by advocating unification of Croatian lands including Slavonia and Dalmatia into
3348-601: The ruling period, and that the Party Chairman is elected by party members during the opposition period. The Party constitution of the Kuomintang provides that the party chairman is directly elected by party members. The current chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party is President Lai Ching-te . The current chairman of the Kuomintang is former Vice Premier Eric Chu . In Turkey , the party chairpersons are
3410-504: The state. HSS thus became the only major political party among Croats. Vladko Maček was elected to replace Radić almost immediately after his death. Under Maček, the HSS continued political opposition to the regime. The United Opposition [ hr ] which included the HSS, stood in 1935 and 1938 Yugoslavian parliamentary election . In the latter, the United Opposition won the majority of votes, but due to operation of
3472-632: The term "anointed" occurs informally or in media discourse). Sir Keir Starmer is leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister , while Kemi Badenoch was elected the leader of the Conservative Party , and thus Leader of the Opposition , in November 2024. If elected, political parties have party leaders in the executive branch of the United States government. The President becomes the de facto leader of their respective political party once elected, and
3534-613: The winning Social Democratic Party of Croatia -led coalition. On elections 2000 HSS led center coalition alongside IDS-HNS-LS and Coalition won 25 seats in parliament with 17 seats for HSS (16 domestic and one minority seat). After the elections HSS formed coalition with SDP and had three ministers in government (education, agriculture and entrepreneurship), vice president of government and Speaker of Croatian Parliament , Zlatko Tomčić . On local elections 2001. HSS achieved its best results ever and won 8 out of 21 county prefects (župan) and lot of municipalities and towns and became party which
3596-460: Was a party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes active between 1920 and 1929. Founded by a group of liberal intellectuals as the Republican Democratic Party (Републиканска демократска странка) on 21 January 1920, it changed name on the congress held on 27 January 1921. It supported federalization of the state. The leader was Ljubomir Stojanović . In the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections it received 18,136 votes (1.1%) and 3 seats; in
3658-409: Was criticised in Croatia and in the HSS – although not sufficiently to threaten his leadership. A part of the membership split in protest, forming the Croatian Federalist Peasant Party. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije , KPJ) also criticised Radić for his cooperation with the regime. The KPJ had recently adopted the federalist approach to reform of the country and saw
3720-425: Was expelled from Croatian Peasant Party, which left the party without seats in European Parliament. The following is a summary of HSS's results in parliamentary elections for the Croatian parliament . The "Total votes" and "Percentage" columns include sums of votes won by pre-election coalitions HSS had been part of. After preferential votes were introduced into the electoral system, the total votes column includes
3782-523: Was forced to soften its policy and change ts name into the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), recognize the Vidovdan Constitution and form a coalition with Serbian People's Radical Party . This resulted in HSS losing its popularity which was seen in 1927 election when it lost almost third of votes won in the previous elections. After the termination of the coalition agreement with the Radicals, HSS formed Peasant-Democratic Coalition with Pribičević 's Independent Democratic Party . In 1928, Vladko Maček become
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#17328513518423844-428: Was second in number of local elected officials. Today, the HSS considers itself among other center European political parties that advocate pro-agrarian policies and greater economic interventionism by the state. On social matters the HSS is largely conservative, supporting a Christian-based morality in public life. HSS is an associate member of the European People's Party (EPP). At the elections in November 2003 ,
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