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37-622: English GM John Emms states: I can safely say that the Yugoslav Attack is the ultimate test of the Dragon . White quickly develops his queenside and castles long before turning his attentions to an all-out assault on the black king. To the untrained eye, this attack can look both awesome and unnerving. Statistically, Chessgames.com 's database of nearly 1500 master games shows win–draw–loss percentages for White to be: 46%–25%–29%. Mega Database 2002 indicates that White scores 52% while 66% of

74-399: A dagger (†) or the abbreviation "ch" is used. Some publications indicate a discovered check with an abbreviation such as "dis ch", or with a specific symbol. Double check is usually indicated the same as check, but is sometimes represented specifically as "dbl ch" or "++", particularly in older chess literature. Some publications such as ECO omit any indication of check. Checkmate at

111-470: A multiplication sign (×) or a colon (:) is used instead of "x", either in the middle ( B:e5 ) or at the end ( Be5: ). Some publications, such as the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO ), omit any indication that a capture has been made; for example, Be5 instead of Bxe5; ed6 instead of exd6 or exd6 e.p. When it is unambiguous to do so, a pawn capture is sometimes described by specifying only

148-441: A pawn makes a capture, the file from which the pawn departed is used to identify the pawn. For example, exd5 (pawn on the e-file captures the piece on d5). En passant captures are indicated by specifying the capturing pawn's file of departure, the "x", the destination square (not the square of the captured pawn), and (optionally) the suffix "e.p." indicating the capture was en passant . For example, exd6 e.p. Sometimes

185-465: A return to the surrounding narrative text. Besides the standard (or short) algebraic notation already described, several similar systems have been used. In long algebraic notation, also known as fully expanded algebraic notation, both the starting and ending squares are specified, for example: e2e4 . Sometimes these are separated by a hyphen, e.g. Nb1-c3 , while captures are indicated by an "x", e.g. Rd3xd7 . Long algebraic notation takes more space and

222-522: Is an English chess Grandmaster and chess author. He tied for first in the 1997 British Championship. He was the 2002 captain of the English Olympiad team. In October 2004, he also coached a woman's team in the 36th Chess Olympiad in Calvià, Majorca . Algebraic notation (chess)#1–0 Algebraic notation is the standard method for recording and describing the moves in a game of chess . It

259-545: Is based on a system of coordinates to uniquely identify each square on the board. It is now almost universally used by books, magazines, newspapers and software, and is the only form of notation recognized by FIDE , the international chess governing body. An early form of algebraic notation was invented by the Syrian player Philip Stamma in the 18th century. In the 19th century, it came into general use in German chess literature, and

296-420: Is distinct because it has no letter. The ranks are lettered in reverse – from the 7th to the 1st: k , l , m , n , o , p , q . Another system of notation using only letters appears in a book of Mediaeval chess, Rechenmeister Jacob Köbel 's Schachzabel Spiel of 1520. Algebraic notation exists in various forms and languages and is based on a system developed by Philipp Stamma in the 1730s. Stamma used

333-457: Is nearly always slower than White's. Black can sometimes obtain an acceptable endgame even after sacrificing the exchange, because of White's h-pawn sacrifice and doubled pawns . The Yugoslav Attack with 9.Bc4 results in extremely tactical and decisive battles. White keeps a firm grip on the center while advancing aggressively towards the enemy king with f3–f4–f5 and even g2–g3–g4. However, danger exists in overextending and allowing Black to gain

370-415: Is no indication regarding how a player won or lost (other than checkmate, see above), so simply 1–0 or 0–1 may be written to show that one player resigned or lost due to time control or forfeit. Similarly, there is more than one way for a game to end in a draw. Sometimes direct information is given by the words "White resigns" or "Black resigns", though this is not considered part of the notation but rather

407-630: Is no longer commonly used in print; however, it has the advantage of clarity. Both short and long algebraic notation are acceptable for keeping a record of the moves on a scoresheet, as is required in FIDE rated games. A form of long algebraic notation (without piece names) is also used by the Universal Chess Interface (UCI) standard, which is a common way for graphical chess programs to communicate with chess engines, e.g. e2e4, e1g1 (castling), e7e8q (promotion). In international correspondence chess

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444-439: Is written Qh4e1 . As above, an "x" can be inserted to indicate a capture; for example, if the final case were a capture, it would be written as Qh4xe1 . When a pawn promotes , the piece promoted to is indicated at the end. For example, a pawn on e7 promoting to a queen on e8 may be variously rendered as e8Q , e8=Q , e8(Q) , e8/Q etc. FIDE specifies draw offers to be recorded by an equals sign with parentheses "(=)" after

481-547: The Game of the Century could be represented as follows in PGN: A game or series of moves is generally written in one of two ways; in two columns, as White/Black pairs, preceded by the move number and a period: or horizontally: Moves may be interspersed with commentary, called annotations . When the game score resumes with a Black move, an ellipsis (...) fills the position of

518-445: The macOS chess application . In Russian and ex- USSR publications, where captures are indicated by ":", checkmate can also be represented by "X" or "x". The notation 1–0 at the completion of moves indicates that White won, 0–1 indicates that Black won, and ½–½ indicates a draw . In case of forfeit , the scores 0–0, ½–0, and 0–½ are also possible. If player(s) lost by default, results are +/−, −/+, or −/−. Often there

555-502: The 20th century. Beginning in the 1970s, algebraic notation gradually became more common in English language publications, and by 1980 it had become the prevalent notation. In 1981, FIDE stopped recognizing descriptive notation, and algebraic notation became the accepted international standard. The table contains names for all the pieces as well as the words for chess , check , and checkmate in several languages. Several languages use

592-556: The White move, for example: Though not technically a part of algebraic notation, the following are some symbols commonly used by annotators, for example in publications Chess Informant and Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings , to give editorial comment on a move or position. The symbol chosen is simply appended to the end of the move notation, for example, in the Soller Gambit : 1.d4 e5?! 2.dxe5 f6 3.e4! Nc6 4.Bc4+/− Descriptive notation

629-451: The a2–g8 diagonal, and the weakness of the d5-square. Some typical themes for Black are exchanging White's light-square bishop by ...Nc6–e5–c4, pressure on the c-file, sacrificing the exchange on c3, advancing the b-pawn and pressuring the long diagonal. White will normally conduct a straight pawn attack, because Black has given White a pawn on g6 to attack. Generally, White will avoid moving their pawns on a2/b2/c2, and so Black's pawn storm

666-514: The board. Thus each square has a unique identification of file letter followed by rank number. For example, the initial square of White's king is designated as "e1". Each piece type (other than pawns) is identified by an uppercase letter. English-speaking players use the letters K for king , Q for queen , R for rook , B for bishop , and N for knight . Different initial letters are used by other languages. In modern chess literature, especially that intended for an international audience,

703-403: The completion of moves is represented by the symbol "#" in standard FIDE notation and PGN. The word mate is commonly used instead; occasionally a double dagger ( ‡ ) or a double plus sign (++) is used, although the double plus sign is also used to represent " double check " when a king is under attack by two enemy pieces simultaneously. A checkmate is represented by " ≠ " (the not equal sign ) in

740-403: The coordinates of the destination square. For example, Be5 (bishop moves to e5), Nf3 (knight moves to f3). For pawn moves, a letter indicating pawn is not used, only the destination square is given. For example, c5 (pawn moves to c5). When a piece makes a capture , an "x" is inserted immediately before the destination square. For example, Bxe5 (bishop captures the piece on e5). When

777-418: The diagram, both black rooks could legally move to f8, so the move of the d8-rook to f8 is disambiguated as Rdf8 . For the white rooks on the a-file which could both move to a3, it is necessary to provide the rank of the moving piece, i.e., R1a3 . In the case of the white queen on h4 moving to e1, neither the rank nor file alone are sufficient to disambiguate from the other white queens. As such, this move

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814-439: The files involved ( exd or even ed ). These shortened forms are sometimes called abbreviated algebraic notation or minimal algebraic notation . When two (or more) identical pieces can move to the same square, the moving piece is uniquely identified by specifying the piece's letter, followed by (in descending order of preference): If neither file nor rank alone is sufficient to identify the piece, then both are specified. In

851-425: The initiative with a deadly counterattack. Black's strategy is centered around the half-open c-file and their ability to push the a- and b-pawns. Throughout the entire course of the battle, Black will be looking to break the center with an advance ...d6–d5. 9... Bd7 10. 0-0-0 10... Rc8 11. Bb3 11... Ne5 12. Kb1 12... Re8 The main line runs: 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Qa5 11.Bb3 Rfc8 12.h4 Ne5. This approach

888-418: The language-specific letters are usually replaced by universally recognized piece symbols ; for example, ♞c6 in place of Nc6 . This style is known as figurine algebraic notation . The Unicode Miscellaneous Symbols set includes all the symbols necessary for figurine algebraic notation. In standard (or short form) algebraic notation, each move of a piece is indicated by the piece's uppercase letter, plus

925-495: The line with the interesting 10...Rb8. This complicated line is known as the Chinese Dragon . The most topical line is currently 11.Bb3 which is really a degree of prophylaxis designed to prevent the sacrifice of the b-pawn immediately whilst buying time for White. Black now has the move 11...Na5 which both threatens to play 12...Nc4 13.Bxc4 bxc4, opening the b-file or just removing the bishop straight off with ...Nxb3. Originally h4

962-426: The modern names of the squares (and may have been the first to number the ranks), but he used p for pawn moves and the capital original file of a piece ( A through H ) instead of the initial letter of the piece name as used now. Piece letters were introduced in the 1780s by Moses Hirschel , and Johann Allgaier with Aaron Alexandre developed the modern castling notation in the 1810s. Algebraic notation

999-486: The move 1.e4 is rendered as 1.5254. In recent years, the majority of correspondence games have been played on on-line servers rather than by email or post, leading to a decline in the use of ICCF numeric notation. Portable Game Notation (PGN) is a text-based file format for storing chess games, which uses standard English algebraic notation and a small amount of markup. PGN can be processed by almost all chess software, as well as being easily readable by humans. For example,

1036-413: The move on the score sheet . This is not usually included in published game scores. Castling is indicated by the special notations 0-0 (for kingside castling) and 0-0-0 ( queenside castling). O-O and O-O-O (letter O rather than digit 0) are also commonly used. A move that places the opponent's king in check usually has the symbol "+" appended. Alternatively, sometimes

1073-540: The over 1200 games were decisive. The ECO code for the Sicilian Dragon, Yugoslav Attack, 9.Bc4 is B77. White's attack almost plays itself   ... weak players even beat Grandmasters with it. I once thumbed through several issues of Shakhmatny Bulletin , when the Yugoslav attack was making its debut, and found the ratio was something like nine wins out of ten in White's favor. Will Black succeed in reinforcing

1110-427: The system is unrelated to algebra . Each square of the board is identified by a unique coordinate pair—a letter and a number—from White's point of view. The vertical columns of squares, called files , are labeled a through h from White's left (the queenside ) to right (the kingside ). The horizontal rows of squares, called ranks , are numbered 1 to 8 starting from White's side of

1147-480: The use of algebraic notation may cause confusion, since different languages employ different names (and therefore different initial letters) for the pieces, and some players may be unfamiliar with the Latin alphabet . Hence, the standard for transmitting moves by post or email is ICCF numeric notation , which identifies squares using numerical coordinates, and identifies both the departure and destination squares. For example,

Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation, Yugoslav Attack - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-414: The variation? Time will tell. – Bobby Fischer , My 60 Memorable Games (1969) White tries to break open the black kingside and deliver checkmate down the h- file , while Black seeks counterplay on the queenside with sacrificial attacks. Typical white strategies are exchanging dark squared bishops by Be3–h6, sacrificing a pawn and sometimes an exchange on h5, exploiting pressure on

1221-505: Was described in 1847 by Howard Staunton in his book The Chess-Player's Handbook . Staunton credits the idea to German authors, and in particular to "Alexandre, Jaenisch , and the Handbuch [ des Schachspiels ] ." While algebraic notation has been used in German and Russian chess literature since the 19th century, the Anglosphere was slow to adopt it, using descriptive notation for much of

1258-734: Was originally considered the main variation and was thus given the ECO code B79 (whereas ...Rc8 was not given any). It was advocated by GM Chris Ward in his books Winning with the Dragon and Winning with the Dragon 2 . This line has fallen slightly out of favour due to difficulties encountered in White's 12.Kb1 and the credibility of the Soltis Variation in Rc8 lines mentioned above. The main line with 10.0-0-0 Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.Kb1 has proven to be so effective over time that some Dragon players have attempted to dodge

1295-625: Was played in this position, but recently the move 12.Bh6 has come to prominence, leading to a sharp and double-edged game in which Black has good practical chances. Anatoly Karpov vs. Viktor Korchnoi , 1974 Candidates Final 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 Nc6 8.Qd2 0-0 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.h4 Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.0-0-0 Nc4 13.Bxc4 Rxc4 14.h5 Nxh5 15.g4 Nf6 16.Nde2 Qa5 17.Bh6 Bxh6 18.Qxh6 Rfc8 19.Rd3 R4c5 20.g5 {diagram} Rxg5 21.Rd5 Rxd5 22.Nxd5 Re8 23.Nef4 Bc6 24.e5 Bxd5 25.exf6 exf6 26.Qxh7+ Kf8 27.Qh8+ 1–0 John Emms (chess player) John Michael Emms (born 14 March 1967)

1332-500: Was subsequently adopted in Russian chess literature. In English-speaking countries, the parallel method of descriptive notation was generally used in chess publications until the 1980s. Similar descriptive systems were in use in Spain and France. A few players still use descriptive notation, but it is no longer recognized by FIDE. The term "algebraic notation" may be considered a misnomer , as

1369-523: Was usual in the Middle Ages in Europe. A form of algebraic chess notation that seems to have been borrowed from Muslim chess, however, appeared in Europe in a 12th century manuscript referred to as "MS. Paris Fr. 1173 (PP.)". The files run from a to h , just as they do in the current standard algebraic notation. The ranks, however, are also designated by letters, with the exception of the 8th rank which

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