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18-425: Native speakers refer to the language as Gangjdoj , which means "local language". André-Georges Haudricourt in 1956 included the language of Tianzhou, the county seat of Tianyang, under Dioi, his name for Northern Zhuang. Based on data from the 1950s Guangxi Zhuang language survey, Tiandong, Tianyang and a suburb of Baise City were grouped together. This grouping was sometimes called Tianyangese ( 田阳音系 ). In

36-466: A PhD dissertation (supervised by André Martinet ) about Romance languages . The nonconformist thesis was not accepted by the two reviewers ( Albert Dauzat and Mario Roques ) and so Haudricourt was not allowed to teach at the École pratique des hautes études . Instead, Haudricourt volunteered to work at the École française d'Extrême-Orient in Hanoi from 1948 to 1949. There, he was able to clarify issues in

54-476: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Andr%C3%A9-Georges Haudricourt André-Georges Haudricourt ( French: [odʁikuʁ] ; 17 January 1911 – 20 August 1996) was a French botanist , anthropologist and linguist . He grew up on his parents' farm, in a remote area of Picardy . From his early childhood, he was curious about technology, plants and languages. After he obtained his baccalauréat in 1928, his father advised him to enter

72-538: Is his hypothesis that labiovelars existed in Old Chinese: "...it seems that scholars have overlooked the fact that some rhymes in the Analytic Dictionary only appear with velar initials (/k/, /kʰ/, /g/, /x/, and /ŋ/), for instance -iʷei [MC *-wej] 齊, -ʷâng [*-wang] 唐, -iʷäng [*-jweng] 清, -ʷâk [*-wak] 鐸, -iʷet [*-wet] 屑etc." (Middle Chinese reconstructions added in square brackets are from Baxter 1992. ). The idea

90-525: The Book of Odes . Words with final stops /-p -t -k/ rhyme with words in departing tone (去聲 qùshēng) according to their Middle Chinese pronunciation. For instance, words in the zhà 乍 and zuó 昨 series (Middle Chinese: *dzraeH and *dzak, respectively) rhyme, as do words in the bì 敝 and piē 瞥 series (Middle Chinese: *bjiejH and *phiet). That led Karlgren to reconstruct a voiced series of finals: /*-d/, /*-g/ and (in some cases) /*-b/. Haudricourt's theory, which states that

108-523: The Centre des recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes , which later became the Centre Louis Gernet , focusing more on the study of ancient Greece . Within the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Haudricourt cofounded in 1976 a research centre whose goal is to investigate little-documented languages within their cultural environment, combining ethnological and linguistic work:

126-585: The LACITO research centre ( Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale ). Haudricourt is considered to be the founder of the panchronic program in historical phonology. His study of the history of Chinese , Vietnamese and other East Asian languages draws on seminal insights. He clarified how a toneless language can become tonal. De l'origine des tons en vietnamien explains tonogenesis in Vietnamese and numerous other East and Southeast Asian languages and paved

144-584: The Résistance , as he was afraid that the German occupation army would confiscate his library. That allowed Haudricourt to make extensive readings in linguistics during the Second World War. Meanwhile, he also studied Asian languages at the École nationale des langues orientales vivantes . Haudricourt decided to switch from the botany department of CNRS to its linguistics department in 1945. In 1947, he presented

162-544: The 1999 A Study of Zhuang Dialects this group was referred to as the Youjiang language ( 右江土语 ), and in 2007 Youjiang Zhuang was added as a separate language to Ethnologue . Youjiang Zhuang has 10 tones, and can be considered as having 20 initials and 83 finals, though some speakers pronounce the initials /ʔb/ and /ʔd/ as /m/ and /n/ respectively. Youjiang Zhuang has two main writing systems, characters and romanization. This Kra–Dai languages –related article

180-769: The National Institute of Agriculture (Institut national agronomique) , in the hope that he would obtain a prestigious position in the administration. However, at graduation (1931), Haudricourt got the worst mark of the entire year group. Unlike his peers, he was interested not in promoting modern tools and technology but in understanding traditional technology, societies and languages. He attended lectures in geography , phonetics , ethnology and genetics in Paris. Marcel Mauss obtained funding for him to go to Leningrad for one year to pursue studies in genetics with Nikolai Vavilov , whose lectures he had attended with great interest at

198-474: The National Institute of Agriculture. In 1940, Haudricourt was awarded a position in the new Centre national de la recherche scientifique , in its botany department, but he was disappointed by the research being done there, which relied on static classifications instead of an evolutionary approach espousing the new developments of genetics . In August 1940, the linguist Marcel Cohen entrusted to Haudricourt his library of books about linguistics before he joined

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216-706: The Vernant brothers participated in the French Resistance in the south of France. After the war Elena Cassin joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research as a specialist of Assyriology and of History of the Religions of the Ancient Near East . She worked mainly on the legal and economic history of ancient Mesopotamia . Between 1965 and 1967, together with Jean Bottéro and Jean Vercoutter , she

234-509: The departing tone comes from *-s, explains that phenomenon. The words with departing tone rhyming with words in final stop should be reconstructed with final clusters *-ks, *-ts or *-ps. Moreover, from the point of view of historical morphology , Haudricourt's theory of tonogenesis leads to the reconstruction of several *-s suffixes (in particular a nominalizing suffix) which can be shown to be cognate with those found in conservative Sino-Tibetan languages such as Tibetan . A second major finding

252-418: The historical phonology of Asian languages and to develop general models of language change . He participated with other colleagues committed to the left ( Elena Cassin , Maxime Rodinson , Maurice Godelier , Charles Malamoud, Jean-Paul Brisson , Jean Yoyotte , Jean Bottero) in a Marxist think tank organised by Jean-Pierre Vernant . This group took on an institutional form with the creation, in 1964, of

270-409: The left ( Maxime Rodinson , Maurice Godelier , André-Georges Haudricourt , Charles Malamoud, Jean-Paul Brisson , Jean Yoyotte , Jean Bottero) in a Marxist think tank organised by Jean-Pierre Vernant. This group took on an institutional form with the creation, in 1964, of the Centre des recherches comparées sur les sociétés anciennes , which later became the Centre Louis Gernet , focusing more on

288-531: The way for the reconstruction of nontonal ancestors for the languages of Mainland Southeast Asia, such as Proto-Sino-Tibetan and Proto-Tai . A more comprehensive account of the development and evolution of tonal systems was published by Haudricourt in 1961. Haudricourt's main legacies to the field of reconstruction of Old Chinese historical phonology , apart from his systematic account of tonogenesis, are his reconstruction of final *-' as well as labiovelars. Haudricourt clarified several rhyming patterns found in

306-581: Was the editor of the three volumes of the Fischer Weltgeschichte  [ de ] (Fischer World History named after publishing house S. Fischer Verlag ) devoted to the Ancient East . She herself dealt with Mesopotamia in the second half of the second millennium and thus with the Mitanni and Nuzi and she also translated Sumerian into French. She participated with other colleagues committed to

324-790: Was used later to revise the reconstruction of the Old Chinese vowel system and is the basis for the six-vowel system common to recent systems. Elena Cassin Elena Cassin , (1909 - June 2011), was an Italian-born French Assyriologist . Elena Cassin, daughter of the banker and politician Marco Cassin, studied the history of religions at the University of Rome and obtained her doctorate in 1933. She then went to Paris and attended Charles Fossey 's course on ancient Babylon and Marcel Mauss ' course on sociology. There she met her future husband, Jacques Vernant, brother of Jean-Pierre Vernant . She and

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