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34-779: The York Medical Society is a medical society founded in York , England, in 1832. It is located in a grade II* listed building at 23 Stonegate , York. The first president, Baldwin Wake, addressed the Society at its first meeting in March 1832. Early meetings were held at the York Dispensary , a house in Market Town, and later in the Board Room at York County Hospital , and then at 9 Ousegate . It then met at

68-432: A daughter, Pamela. He was knighted in the 1902 Coronation Honours , receiving the accolade from King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October that year. Horsley was a champion of many causes. One of his primary life crusades was the temperance movement. Having observed that many injuries admitted to the hospital were due to alcohol, Horsley threw himself into becoming a temperance reformer. He soon rose up to

102-617: A house surgeon and registrar at the University College Hospital . From 1884 to 1890, Horsley was Professor-Superintendent of the Brown Institute . In 1886, he was appointed as Assistant Professor of Surgery at the National Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy , and as a Professor of Pathology (1887–1896) and Professor of Clinical Surgery (1899–1902) at University College London. He was a supporter of women's suffrage and

136-603: A library consisting of books from its own collection as well as those from the York County Hospital and the York Dispensary. The first oration was given by Jonathan Hutchinson in 1890. In 1909, when Sir William Osler spoke on "The Beginning of Medicine", he was surprised that rather than a purely medical audience, it was diverse and included the Dean of York . At the following banquet, he gave particular mention to some of

170-410: A neuroscientist, he carried out studies of the functions of the brain in animals and humans, particularly on the cerebral cortex . His studies on motor response to faradic electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex, internal capsule and spinal cord became classics of the field. Those studies later translated into his pioneering work on neurosurgery for epilepsy . Between 1884 and 1886, Horsley

204-496: A particular subject or discipline, provided they pay their membership fees. Older and more academic/professional societies may offer associateships and/or fellowships to fellows who are appropriately qualified by honoris causa , or by submission of a portfolio of work or an original thesis. A benefit of membership may be discounts on the subscription rates for the publications of the society. Many of these societies award post-nominal letters to their memberships. The membership at

238-758: The American Association for the Advancement of Science , specific to a given discipline, such as the Modern Language Association , or specific to a given area of study, such as the Royal Entomological Society . Most are either specific to a particular country (e.g. the Entomological Society of Israel ), though they generally include some members from other countries as well, often with local branches, or are international, such as

272-553: The Artists' Rifles as a medical student, also investigated the effect of gunshot wounds on the brain, experimenting with animals provided by a butcher and using the recently issued Lee-Metford rifle. He concluded that the immediate cause of death that follows was due to respiratory failure, not heart failure. His best-known innovation is the Horsley–Clarke apparatus , developed in 1908 together with Robert H. Clarke , for performing

306-935: The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions or the Regional Studies Association , in which case they often have national branches. But many are local, such as the Massachusetts Medical Society , the publishers of the internationally known The New England Journal of Medicine . Some learned societies (such as the Royal Society Te Apārangi ) have been rechartered by legislation to form quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations . Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honor conferred by election. Some societies offer membership to those who have an interest in

340-1183: The World Association in Economics is free of cost. Following the globalization and the development of information technology, certain scholarly societies—such as the Modern Language Association—have created virtual communities for their members. In addition to established academic associations, academic virtual communities have been so organized that, in some cases, they have become more important platforms for interaction and scientific collaborations among researchers and faculty than have traditional scholarly societies. Members of these online academic communities, grouped by areas of interests, use for their communication shared and dedicated listservs (for example JISCMail ), social networking services (like Facebook or LinkedIn ) and academic oriented social networks (like Humanities Commons, ResearchGate , Mendeley or Academia.edu ). Scholarly Societies Project - Edition 2 – database of hundreds of scholarly societies in various fields, focusing on

374-478: The sociology of science argue that learned societies are of key importance and their formation assists in the emergence and development of new disciplines or professions. In the form of professional associations, they can assist in the creation of pathways to leadership. The World Association in Economics provides help to the members of the WAE on the following issues: Societies can be very general in nature, such as

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408-698: The "Declaration of Trusts between the Lecturers in the York School of Medicine, 21 May 1841". In 1893, Victor Horsley visited the society to give its annual oration. In 2015, a selection of Raghu Rai ’s work on the Bhopal disaster was exhibited at the Society. [REDACTED] Media related to York Medical Society at Wikimedia Commons Learned society Most learned societies are non-profit organizations , and many are professional associations . Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for

442-722: The 21st General Hospital in Alexandria , in support of the Dardanelles Campaign . In the following year, he volunteered for field surgery duty in Mesopotamia , where he died unexpectedly in Amarah , Iraq, on 16 July 1916, of heatstroke and severe hyperpyrexia , at only 59 years of age. Horsley was the first neurosurgeon appointed to the hospital in Queen Square, London , now called the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery –

476-479: The Society's well known medical men including Robert Burton and Martin Lister . Orators in the early years included Sir Clifford Allbutt , Sir Victor Horsley , Sir James Crichton-Browne , Sir German Sims Woodhead , Sir T. Lauder Brunton , Sir George Savage and Sir Norman Moore . In the later years, orators included Parveen Kumar , Graeme Catto , Professor Dame Susan Bailey and Lord Kakkar . The Society holds

510-661: The Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery is named in his honour. The Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery NHS Trust in Liverpool, England, another leading Neurosurgical Hospital, dedicated its intensive care unit to him, naming it the Horsley ward. At its Annual Representatives Meeting, the British Medical Association has a series of lunchtime lectures entitled The Victor Horsley Lectures. After

544-498: The centuries following its construction. Its 1590 rainwater head is the oldest surviving in York. The building is currently divided into a number of offices and flats as well as serving as the base for the society. It has had associations with the medical profession since at least the early 19th-Century, when it was owned by the Anderson family, and in the later part of the century it was home to

578-473: The current location of 23 Stonegate, the previous home of Tempest Anderson and his father W.C. Anderson. It developed consulting rooms and a dispensary. In 2003, the library and archive were moved to the Borthwick Institute . 23 Stonegate is a late 16th-Century house, which incorporates the remains of several earlier structures on the site, and which has been altered and extended at various times in

612-431: The de Grey Rooms and then until 1915, it rented rooms at 1 Low Ousegate, when the society moved to the current location of 23 Stonegate, the previous home of Tempest Anderson and his father W.C. Anderson. The building is a late 16th-Century house, which incorporates the remains of several earlier structures on the site, and which has been altered and extended at various times in the centuries following its construction. It

646-430: The first physician to remove a spinal tumor , in 1887, by means of a laminectomy . He developed many practical neurosurgical techniques, including the hemostatic bone wax , the skin flap , the ligation of the carotid artery to treat cerebral aneurysms , the transcranial approach to the pituitary gland and the intradural division of the trigeminal nerve root for the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia . As

680-675: The gland. Appointed in 1886 as secretary to a governmental commission formed to study the anti-rabies vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur , Horsley corroborated his results and created a campaign to vaccinate against rabies in the United Kingdom. As a pathologist, he carried out research on bacteria and founded the Journal of Pathology . In June 1886, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and, in 1891, jointly with his brother-in-law Francis Gotch , delivered their Croonian Lecture on

714-533: The oldest societies; includes abbreviations for their journal titles Victor Horsley Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley FRS FRCS (14 April 1857 – 16 July 1916) was a British scientist and professor. He was born in Kensington , London. Educated at Cranbrook School, Kent , he studied medicine at University College London and in Berlin, Germany (1881) and, in the same year, started his career as

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748-626: The position of vice president of the National Temperance League and the president of the British Medical Temperance Association . In 1907, along with Dr. Mary Sturge , he published a book on alcoholism titled Alcohol and the Human Body . According to his biographers, Tan & Black (2002), "Horsley's kindness, humility, and generous spirit endeared him to patients, colleagues, and students. Born to privilege, he

782-764: The presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership. Some of the oldest learned societies are the Académie des Jeux floraux (founded 1323), Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana (founded 1488), Accademia della Crusca (founded 1583), Accademia dei Lincei (founded 1603), Académie Française (founded 1635), German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (founded 1652), Royal Society (founded 1660) and French Academy of Sciences (founded 1666). Scholars in

816-578: The so-called stereotactic surgery , whereby a set of precise numerical coordinates are used to locate each brain structure. He was a pioneer in neurosurgery and operated on a total of 44 patients. He authored the book Functions of the Marginal Convolutions (1884) and, as a co-author, Experiments upon the Functions of the Cerebral Cortex (1888) and Alcohol and the Human Body (1902). Horsley

850-560: The subject of the mammalian nervous system. In 1893, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh . A year later, in 1894, he won the Royal Medal for "his investigations relating to the physiology of the nervous system, and of the thyroid gland, and to their applications to the treatment of disease". Horsley, who had been a keen rifle shot when serving in

884-479: The surgeon and vulcanologist Tempest Anderson , whose plaque is still present on the entrance to the building. It was purchased by the York Medical Society in 1944; the dining room, which features a Greek fret and paterae underneath an elaborate cornice , now serves as the society's lecture hall. The building was first listed in 1954, and was upgraded to Grade II* in 1997. The York Medical Society houses

918-463: The time, they had no permanent premises and met first at the York dispensary, then between October 1856 and May 1874 at Mr Graham's house in Market Town, followed by three years in the Board Room at York County Hospital after Mr Graham's death and then for a brief period between 1877 and 1878 at 9 Ousegate . For the next two years the York Medical Society met at the de Grey Rooms and then until 1915, they rented rooms at 1 Low Ousegate, when they moved to

952-598: Was a Liberal Party supporter and contested the December 1910 General election as a Liberal candidate for the London University seat. The Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society campaigned against his election because of his involvement with vivisection. Following the election, he was adopted as prospective Liberal candidate, first for Islington East and then, in 1913, for Harborough in Leicestershire. Harborough

986-686: Was a Liberal seat and a general election, expected to take place in 1914 would most likely have seen him elected to parliament. However, he resigned as prospective candidate, citing opposition to his views on women's suffrage and temperance on the part of constituency officials, just before the First World War started. Horsley strongly supported the Liberals' welfare state initiative, the National Insurance Act of 1911 , despite strong opposition from most of his medical colleagues. In 1910, Horsley

1020-451: Was an opponent of tobacco and alcohol. Victor Alexander Haden Horsley was born in Kensington, London , the son of Rosamund (Haden) and John Callcott Horsley , R.A. His given name, Victor Alexander, was given to him by Queen Victoria . In 1883, he became engaged to Eldred Bramwell, daughter of Sir Frederick Bramwell . On 4 October 1887, Victor and Eldred married at St. Margaret's, Westminster . They had two sons, Siward and Oswald, and

1054-784: Was commissioned as a captain in the Territorial Army , in the 3rd London General Hospital of the Royal Army Medical Corps . On the outbreak of the First World War , he volunteered for active duty on the Western Front , where he was initially posted as surgeon at the British hospital at Wimereux , France. In May 1915, he was posted as a colonel and Director of Surgery of the British Army Medical Service in Egypt, based at

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1088-435: Was first listed in 1954, and was upgraded to Grade II* in 1997. It houses a library consisting of books from its own collection as well as those from the York County Hospital and the York Dispensary. It holds an annual oration. The York Medical Society was founded in 1832, two years before the establishment of York Medical School. The first president, Baldwin Wake, addressed the Society at its first meeting in March 1832. At

1122-402: Was nonetheless dedicated to improving the lot of the common man and directed his efforts toward the suffrage of women, medical reform, and free health care for the working class (...) An iconoclast of keen intellect, unlimited energy, and consummate skill, his life and work justifies his epitaph as a "pioneer of neurological surgery". Horsley specialised in surgery and in physiology . He was

1156-476: Was the first to use intraoperative electrical stimulation of the cortex for the localization of epileptic foci in humans, preceding Fedor Krause and Wilder Penfield . He was also a pioneer in the study of the functions of the thyroid gland. He studied myxedema and cretinism , which are caused by a decreased level of the thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism), and established for the first time, in experiments with monkeys, that they could be treated with extracts of

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