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47-516: Yandex LLC (Russian: Яндекс , romanized : Yandeks , IPA: [ˈjandəks] ) is a Russian technology company that provides Internet -related products and services including a web browser , search engine , cloud computing , web mapping , online food ordering , streaming media , online shopping , and a ridesharing company . Yandex Search is the largest search engine in Russia with an estimated 72% market share in Russia and

94-513: A $ 30 million financing round. In November 2011, it acquired software developer SPB Software for $ 38 million. In June 2012, it acquired a 25% stake in Seismotech, for $ 1 million. On January 26, 2011, it introduced premium placement opportunity in its Business directory in which advertisers' local small businesses are highlighted. On January 27, 2011, the company acquired single sign-in service Loginza. In August 2011, Yandex acquired The Tweeted Times,

141-404: A 2.8% market share worldwide. Yandex Taxi is the largest ridesharing company in Russia. Yandex was founded by Arkady Volozh and launched its first product, a search engine , in 1997. Due to its significant media activities in Russia, the company has long faced pressure for control by the government of Russia . In July 2024, in a transaction brought about by international sanctions during

188-677: A Latin alphabet for the Russian language was discussed in 1929–30 during the campaign of latinisation of the languages of the USSR , when a special commission was created to propose a latinisation system for Russian. The letters of the Latin script are named in Russian as following (and are borrowed from French and/or German ): Elena Bunina As of 2022, she is a professor in the mathematics department of Bar-Ilan University  in Ramat Gan , Israel, and

235-739: A Russian road traffic monitoring agency, to merge with Yandex.Maps services. In September 2008, the company acquired the rights to the Punto Switcher software program, an automatic Russian to English keyboard layout switcher. In September 2010, it invested in a $ 4.3 million financing round by Face.com . The company was acquired by Facebook in 2012. In December 2010, the firm launched Yandex.Start to find startups and work with them systematically, and purchased WebVisor's behavior analysis technology in December 2010. In September 2011, it invested in Blekko as part of

282-618: A Working Group of the United Nations , in 1987 recommended a romanization system for geographical names, which was based on the 1983 version of GOST 16876-71 . It may be found in some international cartographic products. American Library Association and Library of Congress (ALA-LC) romanization tables for Slavic alphabets are used in North American libraries and in the British Library since 1975. The formal, unambiguous version of

329-486: A joint venture deal to develop a B2C eCommerce ecosystem. In October 2018, Yandex acquired Edadil (Russian: Едадил, lit. "grocery deals"), a deal aggregator service. In June 2021, Yandex, VTB Bank , LANIT Group and computer hardware producer Gigabyte founded a joint venture to start producing servers in Russia in 2022. In October 2021, construction of a new plant in Ryazan Oblast was launched with 1 billion roubles during

376-539: A new owner. At the same time ya.ru became Yandex's new main page as well as the key entry point for Search, Mail, and other non-media services. In November 2022, the board of directors of Yandex N.V. announced a possible restructuring of the company. The main part of the business would be placed into a separate group of companies that will keep the Yandex brand, which may be registered in Russia. The international parts of some businesses will be placed into separate companies under

423-866: A news delivery startup. In September 2011, it launched a search engine and a range of other services in Turkey, opening an office in Istanbul. In October 2013, the company acquired KinoPoisk , the biggest Russian movie search engine. In February 2014, Yandex invested several million dollars in MultiShip. In March 2014, it acquired Israeli geolocation startup KitLocate and opened a research and development (R&D) office in Israel . In June 2014, it acquired Auto.ru, an online marketplace and classified advertising website for automobiles, for $ 175 million. In December 2015, it acquired Internet security company Agnitum . On June 6, 2017,

470-599: A scientific advisor at the Y-Data school of data science in Israel. Elena Igorevna Bunina was born May 12, 1976, in Moscow , Soviet Russia , and is of Jewish background. Her father Igor Bunin  [ ru ] was a historian. Bunina finished Moscow State School 57 , where she later taught mathematical analysis. Bunina graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics at

517-453: A system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout , such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. There are a number of distinct and competing standards for the romanization of Russian Cyrillic , with none of them having received much popularity, and, in reality, transliteration is often carried out without any consistent standards. Scientific transliteration, also known as

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564-530: Is an adoption of an ICAO standard for travel documents. It was used in Russian passports for a short period during 2010–2013 ( see below ). The standard was substituted in 2013 by GOST R ISO/ IEC 7501-1-2013, which does not contain romanization, but directly refers to the ICAO romanization ( see below ). Names on street and road signs in the Soviet Union were romanized according to GOST 10807-78 (tables 17, 18), which

611-724: Is an equivalent of GOST 16876-71 and was adopted as an official standard of the COMECON . GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and Publishing–Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using the Latin Alphabet is an adoption of ISO 9:1995 . It is the official standard of both Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 52535.1-2006 Identification cards. Machine readable travel documents. Part 1. Machine readable passports

658-423: Is based on its predecessor ISO/R 9:1968, which it deprecates; for Russian, the two are the same except in the treatment of five modern letters. ISO 9:1995 is the first language-independent, univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics) that faithfully represents the original and allows for reverse transliteration for Cyrillic text in any contemporary language. The UNGEGN ,

705-532: Is the author and co-author of more than 50 scientific articles on elementary properties of algebraic structures and other issues of algebra and mathematical logic.  In 2023 she became a professor at the Department of Mathematics at Israel's Bar-Ilan University . Bunina is married, and has four children. This Russian business-related biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This business-related Israeli biographical article

752-527: The Cyrillic script into the Latin script ), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout ( JCUKEN ). In the latter case, they would type using

799-779: The International Scholarly System , is a system that has been used in linguistics since the 19th century. It is based on the Czech alphabet and formed the basis of the GOST and ISO systems. OST 8483 was the first Soviet standard on romanization of Russian, introduced on 16 October 1935. Developed by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography at the USSR Council of Ministers , GOST 16876-71 has been in service since 1973. Replaced by GOST 7.79-2000. This standard

846-646: The Istanbul office was launched together with the company's web portal in Turkey in 2011. In 2012, the company opened its first European office in Lucerne to serve advertising clients in the EU. Its first research and development office in Europe started operating in Berlin in 2014. In 2015, the company's Shanghai office was launched to facilitate work with Chinese companies operating on

893-544: The Moscow State University in 1998. At the Department of Higher Algebra at Moscow State University , under the guidance of Professor Alexander Vasilyevich Mikhalev, she defended her PhD thesis for the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences on the topic "Elementary equivalence of linear and algebraic groups". In 2001 she began teaching programming at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, since 2005 she has worked at

940-823: The CEO in 2000. In 1998, Yandex launched contextual advertisement on its search engine. In 2000, Yandex was incorporated in Cyprus as a standalone company by Arkady Volozh. In September 2005, it opened an office in Ukraine and launched www.yandex.ua. In 2007, Yandex introduced a customized search engine for Ukrainian users; Yandex also opened its development center in Kyiv in May 2007. In 2008, Yandex extended its presence in Ukraine by increasing bandwidth between Moscow data centers and UA-IX in Ukraine fivefold. In 2009, all services of www.yandex.ua were localized for

987-529: The Department of Higher Algebra of Moscow State University, where she taught algebra until 2022. Also, at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , she was the head of the Department of Data Analysis at the FPMI until 2022. In 2010 she defended her dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Sciences on the topic "Automorphisms and elementary equivalence of Chevalley groups and other derived structures". She

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1034-780: The IT company's servers were subjected to the largest DDoS attack in the history of the Runet. In March 2022, executive director and deputy CEO Tigran Khudaverdyan resigned after EU sanctions. In April, CEO Elena Bunina resigned and moved to Israel . In June, Volozh resigned. On August 23, 2022, it was announced that Yandex is buying Delivery Club from VK in exchange for Yandex.Zen and Yandex.News . In September 2022, assets of Yandex and businessmen Boris and Arkady Rotenberg , who are close to President Vladimir Putin , were seized in Finland . In December 2022 it became known that "Yandex" registered

1081-449: The NASDAQ was suspended due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. In September 2022, Yandex bought back 98.7% of issued Yandex N.V convertible bonds. In April 2022, TechCrunch reported that Yandex signed an agreement with VK holding with regard to the sale of News and Zen media services together with the main page yandex.ru In September 2022, News, Zen, and yandex.ru were transferred to

1128-609: The Oxford University Press, and a variation was used by the British Library to catalogue publications acquired up to 1975. The Library of Congress system (ALA-LC) is used for newer acquisitions. The BGN/PCGN system is relatively intuitive for Anglophones to read and pronounce. In many publications, a simplified form of the system is used to render English versions of Russian names, typically converting ë to yo , simplifying -iy and -yy endings to -y , and omitting apostrophes for ъ and ь . It can be rendered using only

1175-587: The Russian invasion of Ukraine and restrictions on foreign ownership, Nebius Group , the Dutch holding company that owned Yandex, sold its Russian assets to a group of Russian investors for a discounted price of US$ 5.3 billion. Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich were friends from their school days in Kazakhstan in the 1980s. Volozh started developing algorithms to search in Russian texts and contacted Segalovich in 1990. They worked together to develop search software, with

1222-562: The Russian language market. As of 2018 it had more than 30 offices worldwide. In December 2021 a new location in Prague was added to accommodate the company's rapidly expanding crowdsourcing, routing, cloud computing, ridesharing and weather forecasting teams. As of 2021, Yandex had offices in 12 countries. In 2001, the company launched the Yandex.Direct online advertising network. In January 2009, Mozilla Firefox 3.5 replaced Google with Yandex as

1269-589: The Ukrainian market. In 2010, Yandex launched its "Poltava" search engine algorithm for Ukrainian users, based on its MatrixNet technology. On June 20, 2008, it announced the formation of Yandex Labs in Silicon Valley , to foster "innovation in search and advertising technology". On 10 October 2017, Yandex introduced its voice assistant Alice. In February 2018, the deal to merge Yandex.Taxi and Uber in Russia and five neighbouring countries closed. Yandex's share in

1316-599: The basic letters and punctuation found on English-language keyboards: no diacritics or unusual letters are required, although the interpunct character (·) may be used to avoid ambiguity. This particular standard is part of the BGN/PCGN romanization system which was developed by the United States Board on Geographic Names and by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use . The portion of

1363-501: The company Beyond ML in Armenia. On December 30, Arkady Volozh announced his departure from Yandex by publishing a letter to employees on the company's internal portal. On May 17, 2023, Yandex launched its YaGPT neural network, analogous to the ChatGPT neural network. In October 2023, Yandex Group's parent company, Yandex N.V. (Netherlands), received approval for internal restructuring from

1410-458: The company in 2004 was $ 7 million. In June 2006, the weekly revenue of Yandex.Direct context ads system exceeded $ 1 million. The company's accounting has been audited by Deloitte since 1999. Between 2004 and 2006, Tiger Technologies obtained an 11% ownership stake. On May 24, 2011, it raised $ 1.3 billion in an initial public offering on NASDAQ , the biggest initial public offering for a dot-com company since Google 's offering in 2004. Among

1457-428: The company invested in a $ 5 million financing round by Doc+ . In December 2017, it acquired food delivery Foodfox. On February 7, 2018, Uber and Yandex NV merged their businesses in Russia, Kazakhstan , Azerbaijan , Armenia , Belarus and Georgia . Uber invested $ 225 million and owns 36.6% stake in the venture while Yandex invested $ 100 million and owns a 59.3% stake. In May 2018, Sberbank and Yandex completed

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1504-513: The company name Arcadia. In 1993, they invented the name " Yandex " as an easy way to remember "Yet Another iNDEXer". This is also a bilingual pun on "index" since "Я" ("ya") means "I" in Russian. On September 23, 1997, the Yandex.ru search engine was launched and presented at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. Arcadia became part of the software and computer part supply company, CompTek, and with Volozh as

1551-574: The control of Dutch Yandex N.V., which will eventually leave the shareholders of the Russian Yandex Group. In March 2023, the NASDAQ exchange announced its intention to delist Yandex and a number of other companies doing business in Russia. Yandex appealed this decision. NASDAQ granted the appeal, given the company's plans to separate the Russian and foreign businesses. The suspension of trading remains in effect. In May 2023, Yandex announced that it received applications from potential investors for

1598-463: The default search provider for Russian-language builds. In August 2009, the company introduced a player of free legal music in its search results. In September 2010, Yandex launched Yandex Music , a music streaming service, with a catalogue of 800,000 tracks from 58,000 performers. Romanization of Russian The romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from

1645-668: The first stage of investments. The new plant will produce servers, data storage systems, gateways and smart equipment under "Openyard" brand. However, in June 2023 Yandex announced it was looking for ways to exit the joint venture. In January 2022, Yandex acquired "eLama", digital advertising platform, waiting for the approval from Federal Antimonopoly Service . That same month Yandex has also bought "BandLink" music service. The company became profitable in November 2002. In 2004, Yandex sales increased to $ 17 million, up 1000% in 2 years. The net income of

1692-483: The government commission for controlling foreign investment in Russia. In July 2024, Volozh announced his return to the parts of the business retained by Yandex N.V. (Netherlands) to be named Nebius Group . (The EU lifted sanctions on Volozh in March 2024.) Volozh will be CEO of Nebius, according to Reuters. In March 2007, it acquired Russian social networking service moikrug.ru.; on June 16, 2008, Yandex acquired SMILink,

1739-492: The introduction of a dedicated Latin alphabet for writing the Russian language. Such an alphabet would not necessarily bind closely to the traditional Cyrillic orthography. The transition from Cyrillic to Latin has been proposed several times throughout history (especially during the Soviet era), but was never conducted on a large scale, except for informal romanizations in the computer era. The most serious possibility of adoption of

1786-402: The largest investors were Baring Vostok Capital Partners , which owned a 30% stake, and Tiger Technologies, which owned a 15% stake. In 2013, Yandex became the largest media property in Russia by revenue. In March 2022, Yandex warned shareholders about the risk of default if holders of Yandex N.V. wished to use their right to pay them off early. Before that, the trading of Yandex securities on

1833-413: The market", and "The products and services that we make don't have any persuasion or political overtones." For example, Yandex advertising services do not accept political ads. In September 2020, Yandex spun off the direction of unmanned cars into a separate company, Yandex Self Driving Group. On 10 March 2021, the company launched its own payment service Yandex Pay. In the first half of September 2021,

1880-483: The new company, worth more than $ 3.8bn, was 59.3%. On 9 October 2019, the company unveiled the second smart speaker of its own design - "Yandex. Station Mini." In 2020 Yandex published its internal operating principles. There are more than 35 principles. These include: "We do not develop technology for military purposes", "We comply with the laws of each country that we operate in and try to constructively contribute to any proposed legislation that concerns technology or

1927-473: The new system and the old one, citizens who wanted to retain the old version of a name's transliteration, especially one that had been in the old pre-2010 passport, could apply to the local migration office before they acquired a new passport. The standard was abandoned in 2013. In 2013, Order No. 320 of the Federal Migration Service of Russia came into force. It states that all personal names in

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1974-456: The passports must be transliterated by using the ICAO system , which is published in Doc 9303 " Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3 ". The system differs from the GOST R 52535.1-2006 system in two things: ц is transliterated into ts (as in pre-2010 systems), ъ is transliterated into ie (a novelty). In a second sense, the romanization or Latinization of Russian may also indicate

2021-437: The purchase of an economic share in the company. Economic investors will not be able to influence the company's activities. Voting control and management will remain with the top management of Yandex. Among the main applicants were private industrial investors Vagit Alekperov (Lukoil Founder) and Vladimir Potanin . In 2008, Yandex opened a technology and business development unit called Yandex Labs in Silicon Valley . In 2011,

2068-410: The system for bibliographic cataloguing requires some diacritics, two-letter tie characters , and prime marks. The standard is also often adapted as a "simplified" or "modified Library of Congress system" for use in text for a non-specialized audience, omitting the special characters and diacritics, simplifying endings, and modifying iotated initials. British Standard 2979:1958 is the main system of

2115-494: The system pertaining to the Russian language was adopted by BGN in 1944 and by PCGN in 1947. In Soviet international passports , transliteration was based on French rules but without diacritics and so all names were transliterated in a French-style system . In 1997, with the introduction of new Russian passports , a diacritic-free English-oriented system was established by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs , but

2162-447: The system was also abandoned in 2010. In 2006, GOST R 52535.1-2006 was adopted, which defines technical requirements and standards for Russian international passports and introduces its own system of transliteration. In 2010, the Federal Migration Service of Russia approved Order No. 26, stating that all personal names in the passports issued after 2010 must be transliterated using GOST R 52535.1-2006. Because of some differences between

2209-486: Was amended by newer Russian GOST R 52290-2004 (tables Г.4, Г.5), the romanizations in both the standards are practically identical. ISO/R 9, established in 1954 and updated in 1968, was the adoption of the scientific transliteration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It covers Russian and seven other Slavic languages. ISO 9:1995 is the current transliteration standard from ISO. It

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