48-630: The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (known as Orureshi in Idoma , or Iwa ji , Iri ji , Ike ji , or Otute depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people that is held at the end of the rainy season in early August . The Iri ji festival (literally " new-yam eating ") is practiced throughout West Africa (especially in Nigeria and Ghana ) and other African countries and beyond. It symbolizes
96-471: A celebration depicting the prominence of yam in the social-cultural life of the Igbo people. In some Igbo communities, all old yams (from the previous year's crop) must be consumed or discarded on the eve of the New Yam Festival.The next day, only dishes of yam are served at the feast, as the festival is symbolic of the abundance of the produce. Though the style and methods may differ from one community to
144-586: A population of 10,000 to 19,000 people and includes, Lessel, Ihugh , Naka , Adoka, Aliade, Okpoga, Igumale , Oju , Utonkon, Ugbokolo, Wannune, Ugbokpo, Otukpa , Ugba and Korinya. Most of these towns are headquarters of recently created Local Government Areas and/or district headquarters or major market areas. Some of the headquarters of the newly created LGAs have populations of less than 10,000 people. Such places include Tse-Agberaba, Gbajimba, Buruku , Idekpa, Obagaji and Obarikeito. Apart from earth roads, schools, periodic markets and chemists (local drug stores),
192-631: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Benue State Benue State is one of the North Central states in Nigeria with a population of about 4,253,641 in the 2006 census . The state was created in 1976 and was among the seven states created at that time. The state derives its name from the Benue River initially called Ber-nor , a compound word in Tiv language which means river or lake of hippopotamus ( ber meaning river or lake, while nor
240-499: Is a legacy of an administrative entity that was carved out of the protectorate of northern Nigeria at the beginning of the twentieth century. The territory was initially known as Munshi Province until 1918 when the name of its dominant geographical feature, the Benue River was adopted. Benue State is named after the Benue River and was formed from the former Benue-Plateau State in 1976, along with Igala and some part of Kwara State . In 1991, some areas of Benue state (mostly
288-1013: Is also known as the Lion's Heart and the Land of the Brave. Benue State, which is located in the North Central region of Nigeria , has a total population of 4,253,641 in the 2006 census , with an average population density of 99 persons per km . This makes Benue the 9th most populous state in Nigeria. However, the distribution of the population according to Local government areas shows marked duality. There are areas of low population density, such as Guma , Ohimini , Tarka, Apa , Logo and Agatu , each with less than seventy persons per km , while Vandeikya , Ukum, Kwande, Otukpo, Okpokwu , and Gboko have densities ranging from 160 persons to 200 persons per km . Makurdi LGA has over 380 persons per km2. The males are 49.8 percent of
336-625: Is encountered. Here, the terrain is characterised by steep slopes, deep incised valleys and generally rugged relief. Elsewhere, gradients average less than 4°. River Benue is the dominant geographical feature in the state. It is one of the few large rivers in Nigeria. The Katsina-Ala is the largest tributary, while the smaller rivers include Mkomon , Amile , Duru , Loko Konshisha , Kpa , Okpokwu , Mu , Be , Aya , Apa Ogede and Ombi . The flood plains which are characterised by extensive swamps and ponds are good for dry season irrigated farming. Though Benue State has high drainage density many of
384-516: Is still a challenge. Important cash crops include soybeans , rice, peanuts, mango varieties , citrus , etc. Other cash crops include palm oil , melon, African pear , chili pepper , tomatoes etc. Food crops include Yam , Cassava , Sweet potato , Beans , Maize, Millet , Guinea corn , Vegetables etc. There is very little irrigation agriculture and techniques. Animal production includes: Cattle, Pork, Poultry and Goat but no dairy and dairy products yet. The Zaki Ibiam International Yam Market
432-504: Is the biggest market for a single product in Nigeria. Banking services are available as all the banks in Nigeria have branches in the state, with the Central Bank of Nigeria having its regional headquarters in Makurdi. Dangote Cement Company is a private company that operates within the state and provides a little employment to the people. This is a rough estimated employment percentage in
480-701: Is the name for hippopotamus) the name Ber-nor was corrupted to BENUE by colonial masters, the river is the second largest river in Nigeria after the River Niger . The state borders Nasarawa State to the North; Taraba State to the East; Kogi State to the West; Enugu State to the South-West; Ebonyi and Cross-Rivers State to the South; and has an international border with Cameroon to
528-568: Is the second official language spoken in Benue State in southeast-central Nigeria , by approximately one million people (2020 estimate). The Idoma language is made up of the dialects of Agatu , Edumoga, Otukpo, Otukpa, Orokam, Akpa Agila, Utonkon, Igede , Etilo, Iyala . The Idoma people are predominantly hunters, farmers and fishermen. They are bordered to the north by Nasarawa, south by cross river, east by Taraba and west by Enugu and Kogi States. This Volta–Niger language -related article
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#1732852553736576-540: Is −0.08% lower than Nigeria's averages. The state receives about 135.2 millimeters (5.32 inches) of precipitation and has 160.01 rainy days (43.84% of the time) annually. Based on Köppen climate classification , Benue State lies within the AW climate and experiences two distinct seasons, the Wet season and the Dry season . The rainy season lasts from April to October with annual rainfall in
624-566: The Archdiocese of Abuja : The Anglican Province of Abuja in the Church of Nigeria includes the Dioceses of Makurdi (1990) with 25 parishes led by Bishop Nathan Inyom (1990), Gboko (2009) led by Bishop Emmanuel Nyitsse , and Otukpo (1996) led by Bishop David Bello (2004). The N.K.S.T. Church is another major church in the state. The headquarters is at Mkar, Gboko . It is the first church in
672-721: The Igala -speaking area), along with areas in Kwara State , were clubbed together to form the new Kogi State . Igbo people are found in the boundary areas like the Obi , Oju and Ado Local Government Areas. It is known as the "Heartbeat of the Middle Belt" and the "Entertainment Capital of the Middle Belt " north of the Niger River . Otukpo , the Idoma people's traditional and administrative capital,
720-540: The South-East . It is inhabited predominantly by the Tiv , Idoma and Igede people. Minority ethnic groups in Benue are Etulo , Igbo , hausa and Jukun people etc. Its capital is Makurdi . Benue is a rich agricultural region; common crops cultivated in the state include oranges , yams, mangoes , sweet potatoes , cassava , soya bean , guinea corn , flax , sesame , rice , groundnuts and palm trees . Benue State
768-669: The Tiv and idoma people are farmers while the inhabitants of the river areas engage in fishing as their primary or important secondary occupation. The people of the state are famous for their cheerful and hospitable disposition as well as rich cultural heritage. Benue State consists of twenty-three (23) Local Government Areas and the Tiv occupy 14, the Idoma occupy 7, the Igede occupy 2 . They are: The Benue State Government accords high respect to traditional rulers in recognition of their role as custodians of culture and as agents of development. Also, their roles in enhancing peace and order at
816-739: The Tiv , 7 for the idoma and 2 for the igede . Senatorial Zone A has; Tiv in all 7 local governments. The Etulo have a small community in Katsina Ala The hausa have small communities in Katsina Ala and Zaki biam Senatorial zone B has; Tiv in all 7 local governments The Etulo and Nyifon have small communities in Buruku . The Jukun community is along the river bank at Abinsi village in Makurdi local government. The hausa have 2 large communities in Makurdi city . They live in
864-562: The Tor Tiv (Tiv King) as chairman of all the traditional rulers from the Tiv dominant Local Government Areas, while the latter has the Och' Idoma ( Idoma king) as the chairman of all the traditional rulers from the Idoma dominant Local Government Areas. The State Council of Chiefs has the Tor Tiv, Orchivirigh Professor James Ayatse (Tor Tiv V) ( ), with Och'Idoma and all second class Chiefs/Chairmen of
912-538: The Local Government Traditional Council as members. Benue State possesses a rich and diverse cultural heritage which finds expression in colourful cloths, exotic masquerades, supplicated music and dances. Traditional dances from Benue State have won acclaim at national and international cultural festivals. The most popular of these dances include Ingyough , Ange , Anchanakupa , Swange and Ogirinya among others. The socio-religious festivals of
960-723: The Makurdi Club, Railway Club, Police Club and Air Force Club, where, apart from the sale of drinks and snacks, various types of games are played. There is a standard Arts Theatre, a modern Sports Complex which includes the Aper Aku Stadium , which has provisions for such games as tennis, basketball, volleyball and handball, an indoor sports hall and Olympic size swimming pool in Makurdi. Smaller stadia exist in Gboko (J. S. Tarka Stadium), Katsina-Ala , Adikpo , Vandeikya and Otukpo . The BCC Lawn Tennis tournament attracts players from all over
1008-756: The Tertiary and possibly the Interglacial periods of the Quaternary glaciation , the Benue and Niger Valleys, otherwise known as the Niger/Benue trough, were transgressed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean . As a result, marine sediments form the dominant surface geology of much of Benue State. Benue State is blessed with abundant mineral resources. These resources are distributed in the Local Government Areas of
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#17328525537361056-608: The Tiv, the Tiv Day, marriage ceremonies and dance competitions (e.g. Swange dance) are often very colourful. Kwagh-Hir is a very entertaining Tiv puppet show. Social life in Benue State is also enriched by the availability of diverse recreational facilities. Apart from parks, beaches, dancing and masquerades mentioned above, the big hotels in Makurdi , Gboko and Otukpo are equipped with several indoor sporting facilities. There are golf clubs,
1104-601: The Wadata neighborhood and North bank neighborhood. Senatorial Zone C has; The Idoma in 7 local governments The Igede in 2 local governments and few other communities in other local governments. The Orring have a few communities, The Igbo have a few communities at the bothering local governments with Enugu state state, The Akweya have a few communities too. The state is populated by several ethnic groups: Tiv , Idoma , Igede , Etulo , Ufia Orring , Abakpa, Jukun , Igbo , Akweya , hausa and Nyifon . Most of
1152-431: The absence of capital funds, basic infrastructure and the frequent political changes. The location of Benue State in the centre of the country plus the presence of bridges on two large rivers, the Benue River and Katsina-Ala River , make the state a major cross-roads centre. The present government has shown commitment to the construction of roads within the state capital Makurdi and other major roads leading in and out of
1200-447: The conclusion of a harvest and the beginning of the next work cycle. The celebration is a cultural occasion tying individual Igbo communities together as essentially agrarian and dependent on yam . Yams are among the first set of crops to be planted at the beginning of the planting season. Between April and August, early crops such as maize, cocoyams, and pumpkins are harvested and eaten without fanfare. The New Yam Festival is, therefore,
1248-654: The country. Benue State has three teams in the professional soccer ranks, Lobi Stars F.C. in Division One, BCC Lions FC in Division Two, Mark mentors as the basketball premier league team. Languages of Benue State listed by LGA: Other languages spoken in the State include Korring Etulo , Nyifon , Basa , Jukun (including Wannu ), and Utugwang Irungene Afrike . Igbo is also spoken in border areas. The Roman Catholic Church has 2,354,410 followers in four suffragans of
1296-624: The creation of Benue State in 1976. Benue towns can be categorised into three groups. The first group consists of those with a population of 80,000 to 500,000 people. These include Makurdi , the State Capital, Gboko and Otukpo the "headquarters" of the two dominant ethnic groups (125,944 and 88,958 people respectively). The second group comprises towns with a population of between 20,000 and 50,000 people and includes Katsina-Ala , Zaki-Biam , Vandeikya and Adikpo . These are all local government headquarters. The third category comprises towns with
1344-512: The cycles of the moon and are essentially community harvest festivals. This event is important in the calendar of Igbo people all over the world. The harvest of yam and the celebration of the gods of the land through the New Yam festival is an epitome of the people's religious belief in the supreme deity. The coming of the new moon in August marks the preparation for the great "Iri Ji Ohu" festival, but
1392-504: The eating of new yam. Folk dances , masquerades , parades , and parties create an experience that some participants characterize as "art"; the colorful festival is a spectacle of exhibited joy, thanks, and community display. The yam used for the main ritual at the festival is usually roasted and served with palm oil ( mmanụ nri ). Iwa ji also shares some similarities with the Asian Mid-Autumn Festival , as both are based on
1440-406: The form of contemporary shows, masquerade dances, and fashion parades. Usually, at the beginning of the festival, the yams are offered to the gods and ancestors first before distributing them to the villagers. The ritual is performed either by the oldest man in the community or by the king or eminent titleholder. This man also offers the yams to god, deities , and ancestors by showing gratitude to
1488-620: The grassroots level are also recognised. To enhance their contribution to the affairs of the state, government has established a three-tier traditional council system made up of Local Government Area Traditional Councils, Area Traditional Councils and the State Council of Chiefs with the Tor Tiv (Tiv King) as chairman. The two Area Councils are the Tiv Traditional Council and the Idoma Traditional Council. The former has
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1536-456: The gratitude of the community to the gods for making the harvest possible, and they are widely followed despite more modern changes due to the influence of Christianity in the area. This, therefore, explains the three aspects of the Igbo worldview, that they are pragmatic, religious, and appreciative. The day is symbolic of enjoyment after the cultivation season, and the plenty is shared with friends and well-wishers. A variety of festivities mark
1584-462: The lower river Benue trough in the middle belt region of Nigeria. Its geographic coordinates are longitude 7° 47' and 10° 0' East. Latitude 6° 25' and 8° 8' North; and shares boundaries with five other states namely: Nasarawa State to the north for 231 km (partly across the Benue River), Taraba State to the east for 235 km, Cross-River State to the south for 96 km, Enugu State to
1632-494: The next, the essential components that make up the festival remain the same. In some communities, the celebration lasts a whole day, while in many places it may last a week or more. These festivities normally include a variety of entertainments and ceremonies, including the performance of rites by the Igwe ( King ), or the eldest man, and cultural dances by Igbo men, women, and their children. The festival features Igbo cultural activities in
1680-412: The oldest towns in the state and are growing at a much faster rate than the smaller younger towns. Makurdi doubles as the capital of the state and the headquarters of Makurdi LGA, while Gboko , Otukpo and Oju double as the local government and ethnic headquarters (i.e. for Tiv , Idoma , and Igede). All the roads in the state radiate from these three centres. As an administrative unit, Benue State
1728-553: The people, colourful dances, dresses and songs are also of tourist value. The Alekwu ancestral festival of the Idoma people, for instance, is an occasion when the local people believe their ancestors re-established contact with the living in the form of masquerades. The Igede Agba is a Yam Festival, marked every year in September by the Igede people of Oju and Obi local government areas. Among
1776-628: The range of 100-200mm. The dry season begins in November and ends in March. Temperatures fluctuate between 21 – 37 degrees Celsius in the year. The south-eastern part of the state adjoining the Obudu-Cameroun mountain range, however, has a cooler climate similar to that of Plateau State . Much of Benue State falls within the Benue Valley/trough which is believed to be structurally developed. During
1824-673: The region and the first encounter with Christianity by the Tiv people Agriculture forms the backbone of the Benue State economy, engaging more than 70 per cent of the working population. This has made Benue the major source of food production in the Nation. Experts say that it can still be developed because most of the modern techniques are not yet popular to majority of Nigerian farmers. Mechanization and plantation agriculture/agro-forestry are still at its infancy. Farm inputs such as fertilizers, improved seed, insecticides and other foreign methods are being increasingly used. However, cost and availability
1872-434: The rural areas are largely used for farming, relying on the urban centres for most of their urban needs. Benue State has no problem of capital city primacy. Rather, three towns stand out very clearly as important urban centres which together account for more than 70 per cent of the social amenities provided in the state and almost all the industrial establishments. These centres are Makurdi , Gboko and Otukpo . They are among
1920-540: The south-west for 84 km, and Kogi State to the west for 153 km. The state also shares a common boundary for 22 km with the Nord-Ouest Province , claimed by both Ambazonia and the Republic of Cameroon on the south-east. Benue occupies a landmass of 34,059 square kilometres. Benue state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate . The city's yearly temperature is 29.38 °C (84.88 °F) and it
1968-529: The southern parts of the state is characterised by forests, which yield trees for timber and provide a suitable habitat for rare animals types and species. The state thus possesses potential for the development of viable forest and wildlife reserves. The land is generally low lying (averaging 100m-250m) and gently undulating with occasional inselbergs , Knoll , Laterite etc. It is only at the boundary area with Cameroon , also Kwande and Oju Local Government Areas that hilly terrain with appreciable local relief
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2016-600: The state. Of these mineral resources, only Limestone at Tse-Kucha, Gboko and Kaolinite at Otukpo are being commercially exploited. Other mineral deposits include Baryte , Gypsum , Feldspar , Wolframite , Kaolinite , mineral salts and Gemstone etc. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy of Benue State, engaging over 75% of the state's workforce. Prominent crops include Yam , Rice, Beans , Cassava , Sweet potato , Maize, Soybean , Sorghum , Millet , Sesame , Cocoyam etc. The state also accounts for over 70% of Nigeria's Soybean production. The vegetation of
2064-567: The state: 75% are farmers, 10% traders, 6% civil servants, 9% private. Benue State has the capacity to support a wide range of industries using local agricultural and mineral resources although potentials are yet to be exploited. Private initiatives in commerce and industry, particularly by indigenes, is as also on a small scale and is limited to carpentry, shoe repairs and manufacturing, small scale rice mills, leather and plastic industries, weaving, printing, catering, block making, food processing, etc. Industry and commerce have been greatly retarded by
2112-413: The streams are seasonal. Hence, there is an acute water shortage in the dry season in Local Government Areas such as Guma , Okpokwu , Ogbadibo , Gwer West ( Naka, Nigeria ) and Oju . This river system has great potential for a viable fishing industry, dry season farming through irrigation and for an inland water highway. Benue is divided into 3 senatorial districts and 23 local government areas 14 for
2160-399: The supreme deity for his protection and kindness in leading them from lean periods to the time of bountiful harvest without deaths resulting from hunger. After the prayer of thanksgiving to their god, they eat the first yam because It is believed that their position bestows the privilege of being intermediaries between their communities and the gods of the land. The rituals are meant to express
2208-450: The time and mode of preparation differs from community to community. The New Yam festival is a highly captivating art event. The colourful festival is a visual spectacle of coherence, of dance, of joy and feasting, an annual display for community members, to mark the end of the cultivation season, a festival where the people express their gratitude to those that helped them reap a bountiful harvest. Idoma language Idoma (Ìdɔ́mà)
2256-461: The total population while females constitute 50.2 per cent. Benue State region was depleted of its human population during the slave trade . It is largely rural, with scattered settlements mainly in tiny compounds or homesteads, whose population range from 630 people, most of whom are farmers. Urbanization in Benue State did not predate the colonial era. The few towns established during colonial rule remained very small (less than 30,000 people) up to
2304-447: Was first created on 3 February 1976. It was one of the seven states created by the military administration headed by General Murtala Mohammed , which increased the number of states in the country from 13 to 19. In 1991, its boundaries were re-adjusted with the creation of Kogi State . The new Benue State of today has twenty-three (23) local government areas, which are administered by local government councils. Benue State lies within
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