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66-399: Yakima ( / ˈ j æ k ɪ m ɑː / or / ˈ j æ k ɪ m ə / ) is a city in, and the county seat of, Yakima County , Washington , United States, and the state's 11th most populous city . As of the 2020 census , the city had a total population of 96,968 and a metropolitan population of 256,728. The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered

132-526: A Cinco de Mayo celebration, Yakima Live music festival, Yakima Summer Kickoff Party, Fresh Hop Ale Fest, a weekly Farmers' Market, and the Hot Shots 3-on-3 Basketball Tournament. Over ninety wineries are in the Yakima Valley. The Yakima Training Center , between Yakima and Ellensburg, is a United States Army training center. It is used primarily for maneuver training and land warrior system testing, and has

198-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

264-403: A rain shadow , precipitation, at an average of 8.01 in (203 mm) annually, is low year-round, but especially during summer. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −25 °F (−32 °C) on February 1, 1950, to 113 °F (45 °C) on June 29, 2021 . See or edit raw graph data . As of the 2020 census , there were 96,968 people, 35,752 households, 22,858 families residing in

330-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

396-657: A dam. Below the dam, the Bumping River flows northeast to its confluence with the Little Naches River. Just before the confluence the Bumping River picks up its main tributary, the American River . The American River has its source several forks near Chinook Pass and the eastern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park . For most of its course, the American River valley is shared with State Route 410 , which crosses

462-808: A live-fire area. Artillery units from the Canadian Armed Forces based in British Columbia, as well as the Japan Ground Self Defense Force , conduct annual training in Yakima. Japanese soldiers train there because it allows for large-scale live-fire maneuvers not available in Japan. Similarly, it is the closest impact area for the Canadian Gunners, the next closest being in Wainwright, Alberta. In

528-426: A margin of error of +/- $ 7,514) and the median family income $ 57,296 (+/- $ 3,722). Males had a median income of $ 31,188 (+/- $ 828) versus $ 26,018 (+/- $ 1,183) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 28,697 (+/- $ 1,619). Approximately, 14.7% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 27.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.0% of those ages 65 or over. As of

594-641: A part of greater Yakima. Yakima is about 60 miles (100 kilometers) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington. It is situated in the Yakima Valley , a productive agricultural region noted for apple, wine, and hop production. As of 2011, the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States. The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe, whose reservation

660-495: A population over 10,000 at the time of reorganization and operating under a home rule charter. The Yakima City Council operates under the council–manager form of government. The city council has seven members, elected by district and the mayor is elected by the council members. Yakima's city manager serves under the direction of the City Council, and administers and coordinates the delivery of municipal services. The city of Yakima

726-456: A tributary of the Yakima River, forms the northern border of the city. The Yakima Greenway is a 20-mile (32 km) system of parks, paved pathways, and nature reserves along the Yakima and Naches rivers. The community project was formed in 1983 with work to reclaim a former city landfill into a park, which opened in 1990 as Sarg Hubbard Park. Several small lakes flank the northern edge of

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792-480: Is 21.6 in (55 cm), with most occurring in December and January, when the snow depth averages 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm). There are 18.9 days per year in which the high does not surpass freezing, and 1.6 mornings where the low is 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower. Springtime warming is very gradual, with the average last freeze of the season May 13. Summer days are hot, but the diurnal temperature variation

858-589: Is a full-service city, providing police, fire, water and wastewater treatment, parks, public works, planning, street maintenance, code enforcement, airport and transit to residents. In 1994 and 2015, the City of Yakima received the All-America City Award , given by the National Civic League . Ten U.S. cities receive this award per year. The city council was elected at-large until a 2012 lawsuit filed by

924-457: Is a private, nonprofit school of higher learning located in the city since 1939. Perry students learn trades such as automotive technology, instrumentation, information technology, HVAC, electrical, machining, office administration, medical coding, and legal assistant/paralegal. Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences opened in the fall of 2008, and graduated its first class of osteopathic physicians ( D.O. ) in 2012. The first college on

990-595: Is geographically divided by Ahtanum Ridge and Rattlesnake Ridge into two regions: the Upper (northern) and Lower (southern) valleys. Yakima is located in the more urbanized Upper Valley, and is the central city of the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area. The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima. Other nearby cities include Moxee, Tieton , Cowiche, Wiley City, Tampico , Gleed, and Naches in

1056-588: Is home to the Yakima Symphony Orchestra. The Yakima Area Arboretum is a botanical garden featuring species of both native and adapted non-native plants. Popular music tours, trade shows, and other large events are hosted at the Yakima SunDome in State Fair Park. The film The Hanging Tree (1959) was shot entirely in and around Yakima. Yakima is one of the ten first class cities , those with

1122-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

1188-454: Is large, averaging 34.9 °F (19.4 °C) in July, sometimes reaching as high as 50 °F (27.8 °C) during that season; there are 40.2 afternoons of maxima reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or greater annually and 5.7 afternoons of 100 °F (38 °C) maxima. Autumn cooling is very rapid, with the average first freeze of the season occurring on September 30. Due to the city's location in

1254-496: Is located south of the city. The Yakama people were the first known inhabitants of the Yakima Valley. In 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition came to the area and encountered abundant wildlife and rich soil, prompting the settlement of homesteaders. A Catholic Mission was established in Ahtanum , southwest of present-day Yakima, in 1847. The arrival of settlers and their conflicts with

1320-500: Is the primary daily newspaper in the area. According to Arbitron, the Yakima metropolitan area is the 197th largest radio market in the US, serving 196,500 people. Yakima is part of the U.S.'s 114th largest television viewing market, which includes viewers in Pasco , Richland and Kennewick . Interstate 82 is the main freeway through the Yakima Valley, connecting the region to Ellensburg and

1386-606: The 2010 census , there were 91,067 people with 33,074 households, and 21,411 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,350.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,293.7/km). There were 34,829 housing units at an average density of 1,281.4 inhabitants per square mile (494.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 67.1% (61,065) White , 1.7% (1,556) African American , 2.0% (1,838) Native American , 1.5% (1,347) Asian , 0.1% (83) Pacific Islander , 23.3% (21,216) from some other races and 4.4% (3,962) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.3% (37,587) of

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1452-497: The American Civil Liberties Union was ruled in the favor of Latino constituents on the grounds of racial discrimination. The council's four district-based and three at-large seat arrangement was also removed in favor of seven districts—of which two have a Latino majority. The city manager position has been vacant since January 2024, when the new city council removed incumbent Bob Harrison. Several attempts were made in

1518-549: The Tri-Cities , with onward connections to Seattle and Oregon . U.S. Route 12 crosses northern Yakima, joining I-82 and U.S. Route 97 along the east side of the city. State Route 24 terminates in Yakima and is the primary means of reaching Moxee City and agricultural areas to the east. State Route 821 terminates in northern Yakima and traverses the Yakima River canyon, providing an alternate route to Ellensburg that bypasses

1584-705: The United States . Beginning as the Little Naches River , it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name becomes simply the Naches River. The Naches and its tributaries drain a portion of the eastern side of the Cascade Range , east of Mount Rainier and northeast of Mount Adams . In terms of discharge , the Naches River is the largest tributary of

1650-453: The 20th century was fueled primarily by agriculture. The Yakima Valley produces many fruit crops, including apples , peaches , pears , cherries , and melons . Many vegetables are also produced, including peppers , corn and beans . Most of the nation's hops , a key ingredient in the production of beer , are also grown in the Yakima Valley. Many of the city's residents have come to the valley out of economic necessity and to participate in

1716-497: The 42.5-acre (172,000 m) campus is home to the first medical school approved in the Pacific Northwest in over 60 years, and trains physicians with an osteopathic emphasis. The school's mission is to train primary-care physicians committed to serving rural and underserved communities throughout the Pacific Northwest. It is housed in a state-of-the-art 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m) facility. The Yakima Herald-Republic

1782-573: The Cascades at Chinook Pass. Below the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping rivers, the Naches River flows southeast through Nile Valley , where it collects Nile Creek and Rattlesnake Creek. Then the river enters Naches Valley, where it collects its largest tributary, the Tieton River . Naches Valley is home to the towns of Naches and Tieton . The valley is filled with orchards, mainly growing apples. Irrigation water arrives via canals tapping both

1848-687: The City of Yakima. The City of Yakima expanded the Convention Center in 2020. Cultural activities and events take place throughout the year. The Yakima Valley Museum houses exhibits related to the region's natural and cultural history, a restored soda fountain, and periodic special exhibitions. Downtown Yakima's historic Capitol Theatre and Seasons Performance Hall, as well as the West-side's Allied Arts Center, present numerous musical and stage productions. Larson Gallery housed at Yakima Valley College present six diverse art exhibitions each year. The city

1914-556: The I-82 summit at Manastash Ridge . City-owned Yakima Transit serves Yakima, Selah , West Valley and Terrace Heights , as well as several daily trips to Ellensburg. There are also free intercity bus systems between adjacent Union Gap and nearby Toppenish , Wapato , White Swan , and Ellensburg . County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

1980-680: The Indian words "naugh", meaning rough or turbulent, and "chez", meaning water. Among numerous spellings used historically, "Naches" is the official spelling in the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), however "Nachess" was official according to the Board on Geographic Names from 1898 to 1900. The Little Naches River begins in several forks near Naches Pass and boundaries of Yakima County , Kittitas County , Pierce County , and King County . The Yakima-Kittitas county line follows

2046-522: The Little Naches River joins the Bumping River to form the Naches River proper. The Little Naches River basin includes the eastern portion of the Norse Peak Wilderness , northeast of Mount Rainier. The Bumping River flows from headwaters near the southeastern boundary of Mount Rainier National Park and the Lewis County line. The river flows northeast into Bumping Lake a natural lake enlarged by

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2112-577: The Tieton and Naches rivers. The Tieton River begins at Rimrock Lake, an artificial reservoir , which in turn is fed by several streams draining part of the Goat Rocks Wilderness . The William O. Douglas Wilderness is also part of the Naches River basin. Below the Tieton River confluence, the Naches River collects Cowiche Creek, then flows east along the northern side of the city of Yakima, joining

2178-879: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

2244-608: The Upper Valley, as well as Wapato , Toppenish , Zillah , Harrah, White Swan , Parker, Buena, Outlook, Granger , Mabton, Sunnyside , and Grandview in the Lower Valley. The Yakima River runs through the city from its source at Lake Keechelus in the Cascade Range to the Columbia River at Richland . It is the primary irrigation source for the Yakima Valley and also used for both fishing and recreation. The Naches River ,

2310-399: The Yakima River there. Much of the Naches River basin is national forest and wilderness land, including parts of Wenatchee National Forest , Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest , and Gifford Pinchot National Forest , as well as parts of Norse Peak Wilderness, William O. Douglas Wilderness, Goat Rocks Wilderness. The Pacific Crest Trail follows, approximately, the high water divide of

2376-503: The Yakima River. In its upper reaches, the Naches River basin includes rugged mountains and wildernesses . The lower Naches River and its tributary the Tieton River flow through valleys with towns and irrigated orchards northwest of Yakima , where the Naches River joins the Yakima River. Historically, the river served as an important travel corridor between the east and west sides of the Cascades, via Naches Pass , used by both Native Americans and settlers . The river's name comes from

2442-476: The ash overloaded the city's wastewater treatment plant. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 28.32 square miles (73.35 km), of which 27.86 square miles (72.16 km) is land and 0.46 square miles (1.19 km), or 1.84% is water. Yakima is 1,095 feet above mean sea level. The city of Yakima is located in the Upper Valley of Yakima County. The county

2508-418: The city, including Myron Lake, Lake Aspen, Bergland Lake (private) and Rotary Lake (also known as Freeway Lake). These lakes are popular with fishermen and swimmers during the summer. Yakima has a cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) with a Mediterranean precipitation pattern. Winters are cold, with December the coolest month, with a mean temperature of 28.5 °F (−1.9 °C). Annual average snowfall

2574-517: The city. The population density was 3,487.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,346.5/km). There were 37,192 housing units at an average density of 1,286.0 inhabitants per square mile (496.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 51.80% (50,234) White , 1.45% (1,405) African American , 2.53% (2,453) Native American , 1.46% (1,418) Asian , 0.18% (171) Pacific Islander , 27.66% (26,824) from some other races and 14.92% (14,463) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 45.46% (42,947) of

2640-517: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

2706-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

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2772-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

2838-459: The downtown area. Many of these businesses are located on Front Street, Yakima Avenue and 1st Street. During the summer, a pair of historic trolleys operate along five miles (8 km) of track of the former Yakima Valley Transportation Company through the Yakima Gap connecting Yakima and Selah . The Yakima Valley Trolleys organization, incorporated in 2001, operates the trolleys and a museum for

2904-438: The early 2000s, the city of Yakima, in conjunction with multiple city organizations, began revitalization and preservation efforts in its historic downtown area. The Downtown Yakima Futures Initiative was created to make strategic public investments in sidewalks, lighting and landscaping to encourage further development. As a result, local businesses featuring regional produce, wines, and beers, among other products, have returned to

2970-577: The early 2020s to move Yakima to a mayor–council form of government. The citizens of Yakima are represented in the Washington Senate by Republicans Curtis King in District 14, and Nikki Torres in District 15, and in the Washington House of Representatives by Republicans Chris Corry and Gina Mosbrucker in District 14, and Republicans Bruce Chandler and Bryan Sandlin in District 15. At

3036-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

3102-572: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

3168-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

3234-732: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

3300-475: The national level, Yakima is part of Washington's US Congressional 4th District, currently represented by Republican Dan Newhouse . The city of Yakima has three K–12 public school districts, several private schools, and three post-secondary schools. There are four high schools in the Yakima School District : Outside the city: Yakima Valley College (YVC) is one of the oldest community colleges in

3366-585: The natives resulted in the Yakima War . The U.S. Army established Fort Simcoe in 1856 near present-day White Swan as a response to the uprising. The Yakamas were defeated and forced to relocate to the Yakama Indian Reservation . Yakima County was created in 1865. When bypassed by the Northern Pacific Railroad in December 1884, over 100 buildings were moved with rollers and horse teams to

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3432-443: The nearby site of the depot. The new city was dubbed North Yakima and was officially incorporated and named the county seat on January 27, 1886. The name was changed to Yakima in 1918. Union Gap was the new name given to the original site of Yakima. On May 18, 1980, the eruption of Mount St. Helens caused a large amount of volcanic ash to fall on the Yakima area. Visibility was reduced to near-zero conditions that afternoon, and

3498-536: The picking, processing, marketing and support services for the agricultural economy. According to the City's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: Downtown Yakima, long the retail hub of the region, has undergone many changes since the late 1990s. Three major department stores, and an entire shopping mall that is now closed, have been replaced by a Whirlpool Corporation facility (shut down in 2011), an Adaptis call center, and several hotels. The region's retail core has shifted to

3564-400: The population. Of the 35,752 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18; 42.8% were married couples living together; 31.1% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 29.1% consisted of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.4. 27.3% of the population

3630-445: The population. 19.1% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher. There were 33,074 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who

3696-752: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

3762-426: The state of Washington. Founded in 1928, YVC is a public, four-year institution of higher education, and part of one of the most comprehensive community college systems in the nation. It offers programs in adult basic education, English as a Second Language, lower-division arts and sciences, professional and technical education, transfer degrees to in-state universities, and community services. Perry Technical Institute

3828-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

3894-559: The town of Union Gap to a renovated shopping mall and other new retail businesses. The Downtown Futures Initiative promotes the downtown area as a center for events, services, entertainment, and small, personal shopping experiences. The DFI has provided for street-to-storefront remodeling along Yakima Avenue throughout the entire downtown core, and includes new pedestrian-friendly lighting, water fountains, planters, banner poles, new trees and hanging baskets, and paver-inlaid sidewalks. Events held downtown include Yakima Downtown New Year's Eve,

3960-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

4026-682: The upper Little Naches and Naches rivers, but most of the Naches River basin is in Yakima County. Pierce and King counties are bounded by the water divide between Puget Sound and the Columbia River. Thus the tributaries of the Naches River reach up to, but not across, the Pierce and King county lines. The Little Naches River begins at the confluence of the North Fork and Middle Fork Little Naches River. After flowing southeast for about 20 miles (32 km)

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4092-538: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

4158-433: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.3. People under the age of 18 accounted for 28.3% of the population, while 13.1% were 65 years or older. The median age was 33.9 years, and 50.7% of the population was female. The median household income was $ 39,706. The per capita income was $ 20,771. 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line . Yakima's growth in

4224-425: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Naches River The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in

4290-568: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

4356-400: Was under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 96.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.7 males. The 2018–2022 five-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 55,734 (with

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