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35-852: The Yakan have a traditional horse culture . They are renowned for their weaving traditions. Culturally, they are Sama people who eventually led a life on land, mostly in Basilan and Zamboanga city. They are included as part of the Sama ethnic group, which includes the Bajau, Dilaut, Kalibugan, and other Sama groups. The Yakans reside in the Sulu Archipelago, situated to the west of Zamboanga in Mindanao . Traditionally they wear colorful, handwoven clothes. The women wear tight fitting short blouses and both sexes wear narrowcut pants resembling breeches. The women covers it partly with

70-433: A big role in your self-identity development. Agents of socialization can also affect how you see yourself individually or as part of a collective. Our identities are constructed through social influences that we encounter in our daily lives. The way you are raised to view your individuality can hinder your ability to succeed by capping your abilities or it could become an obstacle in certain environments in which individuality

105-486: A more complex relationship that asserted the relative autonomy of cultural and political institutions, and a general determination by economic factors only "in the last instance." In 1905, German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies published his study The Present Problems of Social Structure , in which he argues that only the constitution of a multitude into a unity creates a "social structure", basing his approach on his concept of social will . Émile Durkheim , drawing on

140-505: A recent study describes how indigenous social structure in the Republic of Panama changed macro social structures and impeded a planned Panama Canal expansion. Marxist sociology has also historically mixed different meanings of social structure, though doing so by simply treating the cultural aspects of social structure as phenomenal of its economic aspects. Social norms are believed to influence social structure through relations between

175-440: A shared culture, while the latter describes differentiated parts united through social exchange and material interdependence. As did Marx and Weber, Georg Simmel , more generally, developed a wide-ranging approach that provided observations and insights into domination and subordination; competition; division of labor ; formation of parties; representation; inner solidarity and external exclusiveness; and many similar features of

210-460: A variety of other analytic perspectives. Some follow Marx in trying to identify the basic dimensions of society that explain the other dimensions, most emphasizing either economic production or political power. Others follow Lévi-Strauss in seeking logical order in cultural structures. Still others, notably Peter Blau , follow Simmel in attempting to base a formal theory of social structure on numerical patterns in relationships—analyzing, for example,

245-458: A wrap-around material while the man wraps a sash-like cloth around the waist where he places his weapon – usually a long knife. Nowadays most Yakans wear western clothes and use their traditional clothes only for cultural festivals. The Spaniards called the Yakan, " Sameacas " and considered them an aloof and sometimes hostile hill people (Wulff 1978:149; Haylaya 1980:13). In the early 1970s, some of

280-545: The meso scale, it concerns the structure of social networks between individuals or organizations. On the micro scale, "social structure" includes the ways in which ' norms ' shape the behavior of individuals within the social system . These scales are not always kept separate. For example, John Levi Martin has theorized that certain macro-scale structures are the emergent properties of micro-scale cultural institutions (i.e., "structure" resembles that used by anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss ). Likewise, in ethnography,

315-720: The domestication of the horse on the steppes of Eurasia , the horse transformed each society that adopted its use. Notable examples are the Mongols of Mongolia , the Scythian and Turkic nomads of Central Asia , the Plains Indians , the Guaycuru peoples of the Gran Chaco , and the Mapuche and Tehuelche of Patagonia after horses were imported from Europe , particularly from Spain , during

350-473: The social sciences , social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals . Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles , with different functions, meanings, or purposes. Examples of social structure include family , religion , law , economy , and class . It contrasts with " social system ", which refers to

385-604: The 16th century. History offers many examples of horse cultures, such as the Huns and other peoples in Europe and Asia . Horse cultures tend to place a great deal of importance on horses and by their very nature are nomadic and usually hunter-gatherer or nomadic pastoralist societies. For example, the arrival of the horse in the Americas altered the cultures of the Native Americans in

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420-508: The Great Plains, the Gran Chaco and Patagonia. The horse increased mobility; the ability of the horse to cover a lot of ground in a very short period of time allowed native people to easily move from place to place, bringing on a nomadic shift in their culture, with an impact on transportation, trade, hunting and warfare. However, there were also disadvantages to adopting horse culture, such as

455-546: The Yakan settled in Zamboanga City due to political unrest that led to armed conflict between militant Muslim groups and government soldiers. The Yakan Village in Upper Calarian is famous among Filipino and foreign tourists because of their art of weaving. Traditionally, they have used plants such as pineapple and abaca converted into fibers as basic material for weaving. Using herbal extracts from leaves, roots and barks,

490-476: The Yakans dyed the fibers and produced colorful combinations and intricate designs. The Seputangan is the most intricate design worn by the women around their waist or as a head cloth. The Palipattang is patterned after the color of the rainbow while the bunga-sama , after the python. Almost every Yakan fabric can be described as unique since the finished materials are not exactly identical. Differences may be seen in

525-420: The actions, thoughts, and beliefs of every individual human being. In terms of agents of socialization, social structures are slightly influenced by individuals but individuals are more greatly influenced by them. Some examples of these agents of socialization are the workplace, family, religion, and school. The way these agents of socialization influence your individualism varies on each one; however, they all play

560-501: The analogies between biological and social systems popularized by Herbert Spencer and others, introduced the idea that diverse social institutions and practices played a role in assuring the functional integration of society through assimilation of diverse parts into a unified and self-reproducing whole. In this context, Durkheim distinguished two forms of structural relationship: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity . The former describes structures that unite similar parts through

595-559: The binaries that underlie classic sociological and anthropological reasoning (notably the universalizing tendencies of Lévi-Strauss's structuralism). Bourdieu's practice theory also seeks a more subtle account of social structure as embedded in, rather than determinative of, individual behavior. Other recent work by Margaret Archer ( morphogenesis theory ), Tom R. Burns and Helena Flam (actor-system dynamics theory and social rule system theory ), and Immanuel Wallerstein ( World Systems Theory ) provide elaborations and applications of

630-433: The duality of structure and agency, in the sense that structures and agency cannot be conceived apart from one another. This permits him to argue that structures are neither independent of actors nor determining of their behavior, but rather sets of rules and competencies on which actors draw, and which, in the aggregate, they reproduce. Giddens's analysis, in this respect, closely parallels Jacques Derrida 's deconstruction of

665-400: The earliest and most comprehensive accounts of social structure was provided by Karl Marx, who related political, cultural, and religious life to the mode of production (an underlying economic structure). Marx argued that the economic base substantially determined the cultural and political superstructure of a society. Subsequent Marxist accounts, such as that of Louis Althusser , proposed

700-577: The increased responsibility of caring for the horses and keeping them healthy. Social structures of the community also had to shift to accommodate the physical space for horses to graze and feed easily. This article about ethnicity is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Social structure 1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville  ·  Marx ·  Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto ·  Tönnies · Veblen ·  Simmel · Durkheim ·  Addams ·  Mead · Weber ·  Du Bois ·  Mannheim · Elias In

735-630: The interdependence common among working-class individuals can hinder workers' opportunities to succeed. In this sense, social structure may be created by the power of élites who seek to retain their power, or by economic systems that place emphasis upon competition or upon cooperation . Ethnography has contributed to understandings about social structure by revealing local practices and customs that differ from Western practices of hierarchy and economic power in its construction. Social structures can be influenced by individuals, but individuals are often influenced by agents of socialization (e.g.,

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770-475: The majority and the minority. As those who align with the majority are considered ' normal ', and those who align with the minority are considered ' abnormal ', majority-minority relations create a hierarchical stratification within social structures that favors the majority in all aspects of society. The early study of social structures has considerably informed the study of institutions, culture and agency, social interaction, and history. Alexis de Tocqueville

805-433: The need for labour , management , professional , and military functions), or by conflicts between groups (e.g. competition among political parties or élites and masses ). Others believe that structuring is not a result of natural processes, but of social construction . Research from scholars Nicole M. Stephens and Sarah Townsend demonstrated that the cultural mismatch between institutions' ideals of independence and

840-444: The needs of their customers, demonstrating their trading acumen. New designs were introduced, such as kenna-kenna , patterned after a fish; dawen-dawen , after the leaf of a vine; pene mata-mata , after the shape of an eye or the kabang buddi , a diamond-shaped design. Horse culture A horse culture is a tribal group or community whose day-to-day life revolves around the herding and breeding of horses . Beginning with

875-400: The parent structure in which these various structures are embedded. Thus, social structures significantly influence larger systems, such as economic systems , legal systems , political systems , cultural systems , etc. Social structure can also be said to be the framework upon which a society is established. It determines the norms and patterns of relations between the various institutions of

910-525: The pattern or in the design or in the distribution of colors. Contacts with settlers from Luzon , Visayas , and the American Peace Corps brought about changes in the art and style of weaving. Many resorted to using chemical dyes, which are more convenient, and started weaving table runners, placemats, wall decor, purses, and other items that are not present in a traditional Yakan house. In other words, Yakan communities, for economic reason, catered to

945-496: The society. Since the 1920s, the term has been in general use in social science, especially as a variable whose sub-components needed to be distinguished in relationship to other sociological variables, as well as in academic literature, as result of the rising influence of structuralism . The concept of " social stratification ", for instance, uses the idea of social structure to explain that most societies are separated into different strata (levels), guided (if only partially) by

980-449: The sociological classics in structural sociology. As noted above, social structure has been conceptualized as: Furthermore, Lopez and Scott (2000) distinguish between two types of structure: Social structure can also be divided into microstructure and macrostructure : Sociologists also distinguish between: Modern sociologists sometimes differentiate between three types of social structures: Social rule system theory reduces

1015-529: The state, religious communities, economic associations, art schools, and of family and kinship networks. However diverse the interests that give rise to these associations, the forms in which interests are realized may yet be identical. The notion of social structure was extensively developed in the 20th century with key contributions from structuralist perspectives drawing on theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss , as well as feminist, marxist, functionalist (e.g. those developed by Talcott Parsons and followers), and

1050-497: The structures of (3) to particular rule system arrangements, i.e. the types of basic structures of (1 and 2). It shares with role theory , organizational and institutional sociology , and network analysis the concern with structural properties and developments and at the same time provides detailed conceptual tools needed to generate interesting, fruitful propositions and models and analyses. Some believe that social structure develops naturally, caused by larger systemic needs (e.g.

1085-480: The underlying structures in the social system. It is also important in the modern study of organizations, as an organization's structure may determine its flexibility, capacity to change, etc. In this sense, structure is an important issue for management . On the macro scale, social structure pertains to the system of socioeconomic stratification (most notably the class structure ), social institutions , or other patterned relations between large social groups . On

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1120-423: The ways in which factors like group size shape intergroup relations. The notion of social structure is intimately related to a variety of central topics in social science, including the relation of structure and agency . The most influential attempts to combine the concept of social structure with agency are Anthony Giddens ' theory of structuration and Pierre Bourdieu 's practice theory . Giddens emphasizes

1155-510: The workplace because of their gender, which would be termed a "social structural" bias, but other variables (such as time on the job or hours worked) might be masked. Modern social structural analysis takes this into account through multivariate analysis and other techniques, but the analytic problem of how to combine various aspects of social life into a whole remains. Sociologists such as Georges Palante have written on how social structures coerce our individuality and social groups by shaping

1190-450: The workplace, family, religion, and school ). The way these agents of socialization influence individualism varies on each separate member of society; however, each agent is critical in the development of self-identity . The notion of social structure may mask systematic biases, as it involves many identifiable sub-variables (e.g. gender). Some argue that men and women who have otherwise equal qualifications receive different treatment in

1225-411: Was supposedly the first to use the term "social structure". Later, Karl Marx , Herbert Spencer , Ferdinand Tönnies , Émile Durkheim , and Max Weber would all contribute to structural concepts in sociology. The latter, for example, investigated and analyzed the institutions of modern society: market , bureaucracy (private enterprise and public administration), and politics (e.g. democracy). One of

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