Endodermal sinus tumor ( EST ) is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers . It is the most common testicular tumor in children under three, and is also known as infantile embryonal carcinoma . This age group has a very good prognosis. In contrast to the pure form typical of infants, adult endodermal sinus tumors are often found in combination with other kinds of germ cell tumor, particularly teratoma and embryonal carcinoma . While pure teratoma is usually benign , endodermal sinus tumor is malignant .
6-490: YST may refer to: Yolk sac tumor , a cancer Yukon Standard Time , a defunct timezone of Alaska, US St. Theresa Point Airport , Manitoba, Canada Yamaha Sound Technologies Inc., part of Yamaha Corporation Ronin Warriors (Japanese: Yoroiden Samurai Torūpā , lit. 'Legendary Armor Samurai Troopers'), an anime series and manga Topics referred to by
12-453: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Yolk sac tumor Causes for this cancer are poorly understood. The histology of EST is variable, but usually includes malignant endodermal cells. These cells secrete alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be detected in tumor tissue, serum , cerebrospinal fluid , urine and, in the rare case of fetal EST, in amniotic fluid . When there
18-413: Is incongruence between biopsy and AFP test results for EST, the result indicating presence of EST dictates treatment. This is because EST often occurs as small "malignant foci" within a larger tumor, usually teratoma , and biopsy is a sampling method; biopsy of the tumor may reveal only teratoma, whereas elevated AFP reveals that EST is also present. GATA-4, a transcription factor , also may be useful in
24-438: Is used, but must be interpreted using a reference table or graph of normal AFP in infants. EST can have a multitude of morphologic patterns including: reticular, endodermal sinus-like, microcystic, papillary, solid, glandular, alveolar, polyvesicular vitelline, enteric and hepatoid. Schiller–Duval bodies on histology are pathognomonic and seen in the context of the endodermal sinus-like pattern. Rarely, it can be found in
30-420: The diagnosis of EST. Diagnosis of EST in pregnant women and in infants is complicated by the extremely high levels of AFP in those two groups. Tumor surveillance by monitoring AFP requires accurate correction for gestational age in pregnant women, and age in infants. In pregnant women, this can be achieved simply by testing maternal serum AFP rather than tumor marker AFP . In infants, the tumor marker test
36-451: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title YST . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YST&oldid=1257870727 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Japanese-language text Short description
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