Xujiayao , located in the Nihewan Basin in China, is an early Late Pleistocene paleoanthropological site famous for its archaic hominin fossils.
11-628: Xujiayao is located on the west bank of the Liyi River, a tributary of the Sanggan River . Xujiayao actually consists of two sites, Locality 73113 and Locality 74093. Locality 73113 is located near Xujiayao village in Yanggao County , Shanxi , while Locality 74093 is located near Houjiayao village in Yangyuan County , Hebei . Most of the fossils and artefacts were found at Locality 74093. Xujiayao
22-446: A CT scan revealed that the inner ear , surprisingly, was arranged in a way that was typical of Neanderthal inner ears. One of the fossil samples, Xujiayao 11 , had an enlarged parietal foramen (a hole in the skull), an extremely rare abnormality that is found in less than 1 out of 25,000 cases in modern humans. Xujiayao 11 is the oldest hominin fossil to exhibit this abnormality. In terms of brain capacity, "Researchers reconstructed
33-1003: A complete skull of Xujiayao Man for the first time and estimated that the cranial capacity of the ancient relative of modern humans reached 1,700 cubic centimeters" and "The average brain capacity of modern humans is about 1,400 cc and the normal range is from 1,100 cc to 1,700 cc, " Around 5000 specimens from twenty-one distinct species are represented at Xujiayao. The large majority of the remains belong to Przewalski's horse and Equus hemionus . The next most common remains belong to Coelodonta , Spirocerus (Xujiayao antelope/ Spirocerus hsuchiayaocus and Pei's antelope/ Spirocerus peii ), Procapra and Gazella . Some red deer , sika deer and pig remains were also found. The Xujiayao hominin excelled as horse hunters, having regular access to animal protein, primarily coming from equids. Almost 30,000 lithic, bone and antler artefacts were also unearthed at Xujiayao. Tools found at Xujiayao include scrapers, points, gravers, anvils, chopper and spheroids. Over 50% of
44-655: A distinct hominin lineage. Wu & Bae (2024) designated the Xujiayao hominin fossils as the holotype of the species Homo juluensis , proposed to also include Pleistocene hominins from the Lingjing (Xuchang), Xiahe and Penghu sites, as well as Denisovans and possibly an individual from the Tam Ngu Hao 2 Cave in Laos. The Xujiayao fossils are characterized by a mix of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens features. The skulls also have
55-631: A thick cranial vault, at the upper range of Homo erectus pekinensis . The maxilla exhibits features more typical of modern Homo sapiens. Dental analysis shows that the Xujiayao hominin appears to retain many archaic features found in hominin fossils, such as Homo pekinensis, from the Early and Middle Pleistocene in East Asia, share more similarities with these earlier East Asian hominins, and share some similarities with Neanderthals. While fossil sample Xujiayao 15 had mostly non-Neanderthal features appearance-wise,
66-608: Is culturally significant as it has been mentioned in various poems, essays, and novels, including a poem by Chen Tao and an award-winning novel The Sun Shines Over Sanggan River by Ding Ling . It is also one of the rivers that gave birth to early civilizations. The Sangan River is a part of the drainage system of Hai River . It originates in Shanxi Province. It merges with the Yang He (洋河) in Hebei Province and then flows into
77-518: Is the same Chen Tao mentioned in connection with Tian Lingzi in the year 888, then either this date or the date of his death is wrong. It is known that Chen Tao was learned in Buddhism and Taoism and that he pursued the study of astronomy and alchemy, and that he spent most of his life in retirement in what is now Nanchang , in the Chinese province of Jiangxi . Chen Tao is best known for his one poem which
88-579: The Guanting Reservoir . The outflow of the reservoir is known as the Yongding River (formerly known as the Wuding River). 40°17′56″N 115°34′56″E / 40.2990°N 115.5823°E / 40.2990; 115.5823 Chen Tao (poet) Chen Tao ( traditional Chinese : 陳陶 ; ; pinyin : Chén Táo ; Wade–Giles : Ch'en T'ao , 824-882 )
99-580: The artefacts consist of finished tools. Over 40% of the artefacts consist of scrapers . The artefacts there include the presence of over 1000 stone spheroids, the most of any Paleolithic site in China. Sanggan River The Sanggan River or Sanggan He ( Chinese : 桑干河 ), also known in English as Sangkan River, is a river in northern China. It runs 506 kilometers and has a drainage area of 23,900 square kilometers. In addition to its significance in hydrology, it
110-755: Was a poet of the late Tang dynasty He wrote four poems about war in Lonxi, one of which was included in the anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems . Some of his other poems were anthologized in Quantangshi (also known as, the Collected Tang Poems ). The poem appearing in the Three Hundred Tang Poems is the well-known verse sometimes known as "Lung-hsi Song". Biographical information about Chen Tao seems scarce; not only that, but, A. R. Davis mentions an "element of confusion", in this regard: and, if this
121-716: Was discovered by researchers from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) in 1974. IVPP carried out excavations in 1976, 1977, and 1979. Later excavations, in 2007 and 2008, were carried out by the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics. Twenty hominid fossils were discovered at Xujiayao, consisting of 12 parietal bones, 1 temporal bone, 2 occipital bones, 1 mandibular bone fragment, 1 juvenile maxilla, and 3 isolated teeth. The fossils remains at Xujiayao are difficult to classify and are of an uncertain taxonomic lineage, possibly representing
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