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63-2334: Xihu may refer to: Mainland China [ edit ] West Lake ( 西湖 ), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Xihu District, Benxi ( 溪湖区 ), Liaoning Xihu District, Hangzhou ( 西湖区 ), Zhejiang Xihu District, Nanchang ( 西湖区 ), Jiangxi Xihu Township, Jiangxi ( zh ; 西湖乡 ), subdivision of Fuliang County , Jiangxi Subdistricts ( 西湖街道 ) Xihu Subdistrict, Lanzhou ( zh ), subdivision of Qilihe District , Lanzhou, Gansu Xihu Subdistrict, Chaozhou ( zh ), subdivision of Xiangqiao District , Chaozhou, Guangdong Xihu Subdistrict, Leizhou ( zh ), subdivision of Leizhou , Guangdong Xihu Subdistrict, Changsha ( zh ), subdivision of Yuelu District , Changsha, Hunan Xihu Subdistrict, Nanchang ( zh ), subdivision of Xihu District, Nanchang , Jiangxi Xihu Subdistrict, Hangzhou ( zh ), subdivision of Xihu District, Hangzhou , Zhejiang Towns ( 西湖镇 ) Xihu, Fuyang ( zh ), in Yingzhou District , Fuyang, Anhui Xihu, Tongling ( zh ), in Shizishan District , Tongling, Anhui Xihu, Chongqing ( zh ), in Jiangjin District , Chongqing Xihu, Guazhou County ( zh ), in Guazhou County , Gansu Xihu, Hanshou County ( zh ), in Hanshou County , Hunan Xihu, Jiangsu ( zh ), in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou , Jiangsu Xihu, Rizhao ( zh ), in Donggang District , Rizhao, Shandong Xihu, Yanggu County ( zh ), in Yanggu County, Shandong Xihu, Xinjiang ( zh ), in Wusu , Xinjiang Taiwan [ edit ] Xihu, Changhua ( 溪湖鎮 ), township in Changhua County Xihu, Miaoli ( 西湖鄉 ), township in Miaoli County Xihu metro station ( 西湖站 ),

126-469: A cultural landmark and one of the most visited tourist destinations of China. Introduced to Europeans by Marco Polo , the lake was once a symbol of Chinese urban culture. It has been featured on Chinese currency , including the one-yuan banknote in the 1979 Bank of China Foreign Exchange Certificate and the 2005 Renminbi , as well as in the Chinese passport . A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2011,

189-502: A lack of maintenance. A Japanese shrine was built by the lake in October 1939, where the Japanese autumn festival was held to familiarise the ordinary Chinese people with Japanese Shinto . With the Japanese surrender in 1945, tourism at West Lake flourished once again, although the city itself faced severe economic challenges due to hyperinflation. The Communists took Hangzhou shortly after

252-615: A lagoon was formed. Streams from the surrounding mountains transformed the water into freshwater, but ongoing silt deposits gradually reduced the lake to a swamp. In local folklore , when Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BC), the first emperor of China , visited Hangzhou, the West Lake was still part of the Qiantang River. The giant rock on the north bank of the West Lake was said to be where the emperor anchored his fleet. According to Records of

315-636: A major dredging effort, repairing the Su and Bai Causeways and creating the Yanggong Causeway in his memory. This restoration returned the lake's appearance to its Tang dynasty splendour. Further construction works in 1576, 1607-1611 and 1621 built the Mid-lake Pavilion and the Lesser Yingzhou Islet. The period of time saw the publication of a series of books on local history and culture which depicted

378-518: A part of local history and knowledge, but for some, a symbol of extravagance and luxury. One of the most famous portrayal comes from Lin Sheng, who penned a poem as a satirical commentary on how people were engrossed in their indulgence in Hangzhou's pleasures, rather than making efforts to reclaim the lost northern capital: 山外青山樓外樓， 西湖歌舞幾時休？ 暖風熏得遊人醉， 直把杭州作汴州。 Beyond the hills, more hills rise, beyond

441-687: A record low of -8.6 °C. Partial and temporary freezing, however, is observed almost annually, contingent on weather conditions. The West Lake is surrounded by rich and varied vegetation. Within the nominated area, there are 1,369 species of spermatophytes from 739 genera in 184 families, including 28 gymnosperm species from 19 genera in 7 families and 1,273 angiosperm species from 675 genera in 150 families. Additionally, there are 68 species of pteridophytes from 45 genera in 27 families. Donggang District Donggang District ( simplified Chinese : 东港区 ; traditional Chinese : 東港區 ; pinyin : Dōnggǎng Qū ; lit. 'east harbor')

504-497: A significant role in circulating cultural images of the lake across East Asia, as these visitors returned to their home countries. Wars and conflicts in northern China during the Song dynasty—including invasions by the Khitan , Jurchen , and Mongols —triggered significant migration southward to the new capital, leading to urbanisation and economic prosperity. With city walls blocking much of

567-755: A station of the Taipei Metro See also [ edit ] Xihu Park station ( 西湖公园站 ), a station of the Changsha Metro [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xihu&oldid=1170339148 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description

630-682: A temporary imperial palace was built on the Gushan. In 1722, Zhejiang governor Li Wei was ordered to dredge the lake. In 1809, the Ruangongdun Islet was built with silted soil, which was named after Ruan Yuan, then governor of Zhejiang. The emperors revived and standardised the notion of the Ten Scenes of West Lake. The Kangxi Emperor inscribed titles for these scenes, which were later carved into stelae beneath ten pavilions. The Qianlong Emperor composed poems during his visits, which were then inscribed on

693-528: A total water area of 5.6 square kilometres. Divided by Gushan Hill, the Su Causeway, and the Bai Causeway, it consists of five distinct water bodies interconnected by bridge arches. Traditionally, there are ten classic scenic spots on the West Lake, each remembered by a four-character epithet . Collectively, they are known as the Ten Scenes of West Lake, of which the rating dates back to the Song dynasty. Each

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756-494: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages West Lake A tourist attraction since the Tang dynasty (618–907), the lake has influenced poets and painters throughout Chinese history for its natural beauty and historic relics. By the Song dynasty (960–1279), during which the dynastic capital moved to Hangzhou, it had became

819-1050: Is marked by a stele with an epithet written in the calligraphy of the Qianlong Emperor . The ten scenes include: Buddhism's roots around the West Lake extend back to the 4th century with the establishment of Lingyin Temple and Tianzhu Temple. During the Five Dynasties period (907–960), the Wuyue rulers, who were devoted Buddhists, initiated extensive temple construction in the region. Notable temples from this period include Jingci Temple on Nanping Hill, Yunqi Temple in Fan Village, and Shangtianzhu Temple on Tianzhu Hill. In addition to these temples, pagodas such as Liuhe, Leifeng, and Baochu were erected, along with intricate stone Buddhist carvings in Yanxia Cave, Shiwu Cave, and on Feilaifeng Peak. During

882-426: The 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit and the 2023 Asian Games , West Lake State Guest House was where Chinese president Xi Jinping met with foreign guests, such as Barack Obama and Narendra Modi . The layout of the West Lake features "one hill, two pagodas, three islets, four causeways and five lakes." Among them, ten classic scenic places are collectively known as the " Ten Scenes of West Lake ". The Gushan (孤山), or

945-599: The National Academy of Art was founded on Gushan Island. In March 1937, Zhou Enlai and Chiang Kai-shek held a secret meeting at Yanxia Cave near the lake to negotiate a coalition against Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War . The Japanese seized Hangzhou in December 1937. Under Japanese rule, deforestation of the mountains surrounding West Lake led to rapid silting of the lake from soil erosion, due to

1008-489: The into Hangzhou via an underground pipes, creating six ponds to secure the city's water supply. In 822, Bai Juyi dredged the West Lake and used the silt to build a long causeway between Qiantang and Yuhang Gates, which was named in his memory. Under the Wuyue Kingdom (907–932), with Hangzhou being the capital, King Qian Liu ordered annual dredging of the West Lake with soldiers to maintain water quality for water supply. In

1071-525: The Grand Historian , during his visit in 210 BC, the emperor was halted in Hangzhou by the strong tide of the Qiantang River and had to take a detour westward to reach Shaoxing. During the Eastern Han era (25–220), local official Hua Xin ordered the construction of a seawall to completely cut the lake off from the sea. In 591, the government seat of Hangzhou, originally on the west shore, was relocated to

1134-474: The Hangzhou municipal government since 2002. The first major Chinese tourist attraction to cancel admission fees, the scenic area is crowded during public holidays. In the 2024 National Day holiday, the area received 4.426 million visitors in seven days, a 30.92% rise from the previous year. Historically, the lake has been referred to by various names, including the Qiantang Lake. The first description of

1197-586: The Lakeside area, now operates as the Lakeside Tea House. Guo Villa, located on the northwestern shore at the foot of Solitary Hill near Qixia Ridge, is one of Hangzhou's best-preserved Qing-dynasty gardens and is open to the public as a government-run park. The West Lake is home to many Western-style residences constructed during the Republic of China era (1911–1949). On Gushan (Solitary Hill), notable sites include

1260-562: The Long Bridge is not long. During the Qing dynasty, Solitary Hill became part of a detached palace for emperors visiting Hangzhou. Wenlan Pavilion , the royal library on the island, housed a valuable collection of literary works and rare texts. After the 1911 revolution, the palace grounds were transformed into Zhongshan Park to honor Sun Yat-sen, a key figure in the revolution. The Wenlan Pavilion and other former palace buildings were incorporated into

1323-645: The Memorial Pavilion to Sun Yat-sen, the former residences of Du Yuesheng and Chiang Kai-shek, as well as Yiyunji Lu Villa. Along Beishan Road, significant landmarks feature the Former Residence of Chiang Ching-kuo and various villas such as Run Lu, Ru Lu, Xing Lu, and Baoqing, in addition to notable hotels like Hangzhou Hotel, Xinxin Hotel, and Qiushui Villa. The eastern shore also hosts historic structures including Shihan Jingshe Villa, Long Bridge Villa, Guo Villa, and

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1386-516: The Moon, Mid-lake Pavilion and other spots were renovated. Since 1953, Mao Zedong stayed periodically at West Lake every year until his death in 1976. To ensure his safety, the local government forcibly relocated residents suspected of connections with the Nationalists to labour camps . Shops near the lake were acquired by the state, and undercover security personnel were stationed at over 100 shops in

1449-640: The Nationalist retreat from the city to preserve the cultural relics of the West Lake in 1949. In the 1950s, major hydrological works, along with other construction projects, took place, to exemplify socialist achievements. Hangzhou Botanical Garden and a flower garden was opened on the lake's west shore. The parks of Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond and Orioles Singing in the Willows were constructed. Lingyin Temple , Jingci Temple , Yue-Wang Temple, Three Ponds Mirroring

1512-490: The Qiantang River. Natural inflows come from the Jinsha, Longhong, Qishan (also known as Huiyin), and Changqiao streams. The lake's water level is maintained at a consistent Yellow Sea reference level of 7.15 meters, fluctuating by only ±0.05 meters. Seasonal water levels range from a high of 7.70 meters to a low of 6.92 meters, with a variation of approximately 50 centimeters. With a storage capacity of about 14.3 million cubic meters,

1575-636: The Solitary Hill, is the only natural island on the West Lake. Connected to the northern shore by Xiling Bridge and Bai Causeway, Solitary Hill and Bai Causeway separate the North Inner Lake from the Outer West Lake. In local folklore, the island is grouped with the Broken Bridge and the Long Bridge as the "Three Oddities of West Lake": the Broken Bridge is not broken, Solitary Hill is not solitary, and

1638-567: The Song Dynasty, Lingyin Temple and Jingci Temple gained recognition as two of the "Five Mountains and Ten Temples." Across the West Lake Scenic Area, there are 30 Buddhist sites officially designated as protected heritage sites. The Baopu Taoist Monastery, rebuilt in the 17th century, enshrines Ge Hong, a prominent Taoist scholar, alchemist, and medical scientist, who conducted Taoist practices and alchemical experiments on Geling Ridge near

1701-516: The Song dynasty, Su Shi (1037–1101) ordered the construction of the Su Causeway from dredged silt in 1089. He designated an area of the lake with three stone pagodas to prevent water chestnut planting and reduce silting, which may mark the origin of the "Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon." By 1275, military patrols were appointed to maintain and police the lake, where littering of any rubbish or planting additional lotuses or water-chestnuts were forbidden. Literary works by renowned literati contributed to

1764-500: The West Lake into five sections, which include: Additionally, Zhaogong Causeway ( 赵公堤 ), also known as the Jinsha Causeway, was built in 1242, connecting Quyuan to the Su Causeway. It was named after Zhao Yuchou , then-mayor of Lin'an. The current lake, roughly oval in shape, was dredged during past dynasties and spans 3.3 km from north to south, 2.8 km from east to west, with a shoreline circumference of 15 km and

1827-571: The West Lake, inspiring Japanese gardens such as the Kyū Shiba Rikyū Garden . The Manchu conquered Hangzhou in 1645, which led to the construction of the Manchu city alongside the West Lake. During the High Qing era (1683–1799), emperors frequented southern China, to symbolise their control over China. Due to the visits by the Manchu emperors, the lake was fully dredged and renovated. In 1689,

1890-613: The West Lake. Yue Fei's Tomb and Temple serve as a memorial to Yue Fei, a legendary figure in Chinese history known for his loyalty and filial piety. Built in 1163, the tomb honours Yue Fei as a national hero and epitomises the Confucian values that have deeply influenced Chinese society for centuries. Tomb of Su Xiao Xiao is located near the Xiling Bridge on the north bank of the West Lake. Wenlan Pavilion, built in 1784 and rebuilt in 1880,

1953-452: The West Lake. Government support for maintaining the lake diminished, as Mongol rulers placed their political and economic focus on northern China rather than the south. The Mongol rulers, as well as local residents, blamed the lavish life upon the lake for the fall of Song. Therefore, the lake was abandoned. When the Ming dynasty replaced Mongol rule, Hangzhou gradually regained its prosperity by

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2016-578: The Wulin Hills (武林山) were believed to be the hills near the Lingyin Temple . Bai Juyi was among the first to refer to the lake as "West Lake", due to its location to the west of the city. Su Shi was the first to use the name in official documents, in his request to the Imperial Court for the dredging of the lake in 1090. The 16th century Chinese scholars considered the West Lake of Hangzhou to be

2079-668: The Zhejiang Provincial Museum, while a new building next to the Pavilion was completed in 1912 to host the Zhejiang Library. Leifeng Pagoda ( 雷峰塔 ), originally built in 975, is located on Sunset Hill. According to local tales, it plays a central role in the legend of the White Snake . Leifeng Pagoda was rebuilt in 2002 after the original structure collapsed in 1924, and it remains a popular tourist spot with stunning views of

2142-422: The appreciation of natural beauty, roughly at the same time as in western Europe. Aesthetic appreciation of landscapes became a popular business, with diverse entertainment options which involved standardised routes and viewing orders made available to cater to various preferences and budgets. Tour guides, seasonal markets and specialty shops emerged. The notion of Ten Scenes of West Lake was invented. Boating on

2205-580: The area. The tombs of notable figures—including Wu Song , Fang La , Yu Qian , Zhang Cangshui , Su Manshu , Su Xiaoxiao , and the Stuart family—as well as the temples of Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang , were destroyed. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Liutong Temple and another temple were destroyed. Zhou Enlai ordered the closure of the Lingyin Temple to prevent it from being destroyed, but repairs were later made to many scenic sites, due to

2268-543: The city walls torn down and tombs disallowed to be built around the lake. The visitors to the lake included notable literati, such as Rabindranath Tagore and Ryūnosuke Akutagawa , as well as the couple of Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling spent their honeymoon by the lake. In 1922, the Chinese Communist Party held the Hangzhou Plenum here, initiating the first collaboration with Nationalists. In 1928,

2331-404: The fame of the West Lake among Chinese intellectuals. Especially, the lake became associated with the two greatest poets of Middle-Period China, Bai Juyi and Su Shi. Su Xiaoxiao , a famous courtesan and poet of Southern Qi (479–502), was buried upon the West Lake. Her life and poetry have inspired later poets, including Li He and Wen Tingyun . Over time, local history became intertwined with

2394-656: The former residence of Huang Fu. Modern architecture complements these historical sites, with buildings such as the West Lake Museum and a range of luxury hotels like the Grand Hyatt Hangzhou, upscale shopping centers, such as the Hubin Yintai in77 complex. With a catchment area spanning 21.22 square kilometers, the lake supports an annual runoff and storage volume of about 14 million cubic meters each. The lake draws around 120 million cubic meters of water annually from

2457-424: The lake averages 2.27 meters in depth, reaching a maximum of 5 meters and a minimum of less than 1 meter. Average annual precipitation directly over the lake amounts to 5.63 million cubic meters, while the lake's water system has a scour coefficient of 1.49. During dry seasons, when the reservoir gate is closed, the flow rate drops to zero, and even during the flood season, it rarely exceeds 0.05 m/s. Located on

2520-582: The lake is recognised to have influenced garden designs in China, Japan and Korea over the centuries, as "an idealised fusion between humans and nature." The lake, along with the surrounding hills, constitutes the West Lake Scenic Area , which is governed by the Management Committee of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area , a special administration dedicated to cultural preservation and gardening under

2583-463: The lake was a popular pastime, with records noting hundreds of intricately carved, elegantly decorated boats gliding gracefully over the water. Shortly after the Mongol conquest of China , the West Lake remained socially vibrant. The official records show that in 1309, the city received more than 1,200 foreign visitors within half a year, many from Turkestan and Europe. The West Lake was dredged and renamed

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2646-441: The lake's beauty and consulted fortune-tellers at lakeside temples. Visiting the West Lake inspired poems that reflected on their experiences and memories of the scenery. By the late Song dynasty, the West Lake had evolved into a significant hub where tourism emerged. While pilgrimage and contemplative retreat had previously been the main motives for travel, sightseeing gained wide acceptance as an activity focused on enjoyment and

2709-560: The lake, which later became their memorial temples and shrines that were later maintained by a dedicated division of local government. In 1864, the West Lake Dredging Bureau was established, to manage the dredging of the West Lake. Following the 1911 revolution that ended the Qing dynasty, the Manchu Banner Garrison was dismantled, and imperial properties around the West Lake were nationalised. A new business area

2772-535: The lake. Baochu Pagoda ( 保俶塔) , built in 963, stands on Precious Stone Hill. Unlike the more elaborate Leifeng Pagoda, Baochu is a slender, simple structure believed to have been built to pray for the safe return of a local official. There are three artificial islets on the West: Lesser Yingzhou Islet, Mid-lake Pavilion, and Ruangong Islet. Each was constructed during the Ming and Qing dynasties by dredging lake sediment. Three major causeways divides

2835-408: The mid-15th century. However, the lake experienced droughts in 1442 and 1456, causing it to dry up temporarily. Since the mid-Ming era, renewed dredging projects rekindled public interest in West Lake. As Hangzhou developed as a publishing centre, the production of geographic texts stimulated tourism, which in turn further fuelled the publishing industry. In 1508, Hangzhou governor Yang Mengying led

2898-652: The most famous among the 35 other lakes with the same name in China. In English, the name is also romanised as Xi Hu, or the Xi Lake. Due to Su Shi's famous comparison with Xizi , the lake is also called Xizi Lake. About 4,400 to 2,500 years ago, as sea levels fell, the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain began to emerge, while the West Lake was merely a shallow bay. Over time, the Qiantang River gradually deposited sand and rocks outside this bay. About 2,000 years ago,

2961-649: The natural beauty. For example, Bai Juyi celebrates Su Xiaoxiao's beauty and her connection to the enchanting scenery of the lake in one of his poem. When Su Shi (1037–1101) famously compared the West Lake to Xizi , one of the Four Beauties of ancient China , the lake became known as the Xizi Lake: 水光瀲灧睛方好， 山色空濛雨亦奇。 欲把西湖比西子， 淡妝濃抹總相宜。 The shimmering water shines in clear light, While misty mountains bring rain's charm to sight. If West Lake I liken to Xizi fair, Both light and heavy makeup suits her well. During

3024-401: The natural scenery, the West Lake became a favoured destination for urban residents seeking respite from the demands of city life and political turmoil. Since 1129, the capital of the Song dynasty was relocated to Hangzhou, after the country lost its northern territories to the Jurchen. The imperial examination held every three years filled Hangzhou with educated individuals, who often enjoyed

3087-425: The new "Ten Scenes" of the lake. In 1985, a pump at Zhakou to draw 300,000 cubic meters of water daily, were built to refresh the water in the lake. A sewage interception project, completed in 1981, installed over 17 kilometres of buried tunnels and 10 pumping stations. In 2000, the West Lake exposition was relaunched, drawing 1.4 million visitors. In 2002, Leifeng Pagoda was rebuilt where it collapsed in 1924. During

3150-417: The newly built walled city east to the lake. With the completion of the Grand Canal , Hangzhou, as its destination, became a transport hub of China. Before the Tang dynasty (618–907), the West Lake was a small and shallow body of water, but continuous dredging efforts prevented it from becoming a swamp. During the Jianzhong period (780–783) of the Tang dynasty , local official Li Mi diverted water from

3213-399: The nobles of the city. There are also on its shores many abbeys and churches of the Idolaters. In the middle of the Lake are two Islands, on each of which stands a rich, beautiful and spacious edifice, furnished in such style as to seem fit for the palace of an Emperor. The booming tourism led to different interpretations. The lake was regarded as a literary tradition, a symbol of the state and

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3276-422: The north, as the emperor prioritised peace despite the Song army's successes. Yue Fei remained widely admired among Chinese people and was widely celebrated as a national hero. In 1162, his wrongful execution was acknowledged, and his remains were moved to a tomb by the West Lake. Since 1221, a nearby temple has been repurposed in his memory. The Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) saw the decline of tourism at

3339-411: The northwest shore, was originally a private Qing-dynasty garden reflecting classic Chinese landscape design. Today, it serves as the West Lake State Guest House, a luxury hotel known for hosting important events and guests. Wang Villa, on the southwestern corner of the West Lake, was also built during the Qing dynasty and has since been restored as part of Xizi Hotel. Jiang Villa, on the eastern shore near

3402-441: The northwest, Hangzhou Flower Nursery and Hangzhou Botanical Garden showcase a diverse array of flowers and plants. In the southwest, Taiziwan Park and Huagang Park draw visitors in spring with colorful tulips and seasonal blossoms. On the southeastern shore, Liulangwenying Park and Changqiao Park offer scenic views and spaces for relaxation. Around the West Lake, several historic private gardens have been preserved. Liu Villa, on

3465-407: The pavilions, more pavilions stand. When will the songs and dances on West Lake finally end? The warm breeze intoxicates the travellers, Making them mistake Hangzhou for Bianzhou. In 1142, Yue Fei, a hawkish Chinese general known for his determined efforts to reclaim northern China, was executed by the dovish emperor and his chief councillor. Yue's death marked the end of attempts to recapture

3528-405: The period of Wuyue Kingdom (907–978), numerous temples, pagodas, shrines, and grottoes were built or expanded around the lake, including Lingyin, Zhaoqing, Jingci, Li’an, Liutong, and Taoguang temples, as well as the Baochu, Liuhe, Leifeng, and White pagodas, due to the devotion of its rulers to Buddhism. Since the 12th and 13th centuries, these temples, frequently visited by Japanese monks, played

3591-494: The reverse side of Kangxi's stelae. He further inscribed the Eight Scenes of Dragon Well in the surrounding hills. In Beijing, imperial gardens, including the Garden of Delighted Spring and the Old Summer Palace , were designed to imitate the landscape designs of West Lake. After the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) destroyed the buildings beside the lake, the West Lake revived, as major Qing military leaders, magnates and ranking officials, such as Peng Yulin built their villas upon

3654-422: The southeastern edge of China's hilly regions and the northern boundary of the subtropical zone, West Lake receives an annual solar radiation of 100–110 kcal/cm and enjoys 1,800–2,100 sunshine hours per year. Due to Hangzhou's mild climate, the West Lake seldom freezes during winter. The last complete freezing of the lake occurred in January 1977, when the city experienced extreme cold, with temperatures plunging to

3717-492: The visits by Norodom Sihanouk and Richard Nixon in 1972. After 1976, tourism to the lake revitalised. In 1983, the Hangzhou government refurbished temples and pavilions upon the lake. They also expanded Galloping Tiger Spring and established Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer Park. The new site Exploring Plum Blossoms at Ling Peak was introduced, complemented by cultural events at Huanglong Cave and Ruangongdun Islet. In 1984, local media and societies held public vote to select

3780-399: The waters near Hangzhou was made in the Book of Han finished in 111, which states, The Western Commandery Captain of Qiantang was stationed at the Wulin Hills, where the Wulin River originates. The river flows eastward into the sea, covering a distance of 830 li [350 km; 220 mi]. This statement about the Wulin River (武林水) is widely interpreted as the first mention of the West Lake, while

3843-416: The “Pond of Freeing Captive Animals” under Kublai Khan , while parts of the lake area were gradually cultivated into farmland. Among the visitors was Marco Polo , who describes the lake in his book, Inside the city there is a Lake which has a compass of some 30 miles: and all round it are erected beautiful palaces and mansions, of the richest and most exquisite structure that you can imagine, belonging to

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3906-503: Was built at the former site of the Manchu Banner Garrison, which integrated the West Lake into the city. The former imperial garden was converted into Zhongshan Park, named in honour of Sun Yat-sen . The buildings associated with former Qing officials and generals were renamed to honour Ming loyalists, such as the Shrine of Former Martyrs. The railway link between Hangzhou and Shanghai, completed in 1909, stimulated local tourism. A great number of lakeside villas and garden were built, with

3969-435: Was the only one that exists library among the four libraries commissioned by the Qing imperial family for the collection of The Complete Library of the Four Treasuries . The northeastern shore of the West Lake features Hubin Park, a series of six connected parks along the lakefront, surrounded by upscale shopping centers and hotels. At Park No. 3, visitors can enjoy a musical fountain with free performances every evening. To

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