Sai Kwan or Xiguan is an ancient town and an area in the Liwan district of Guangzhou , China , which was located west of the old walled city. The Thirteen Factories trading enclave was located on its southern shore and the Shamian enclave was constructed beside it. Xiguan continues to have a distinctive culture within Guangzhou and some residents speak a distinctive dialect of Cantonese .
50-569: It now forms most of Liwan District . Before the 20th century, Guangzhou was a walled city with many gates. Its western gates included the Taiping Gate ( Chinese : t 太平 門 , Tàipíngmén ; Cantonese : j Taai3-ping4-mun4, lit . "Gate of Great Peace") and the West Gate ( Chinese : t 正 西 門 , Zhengximén , Cantonese : j Zing3-sai1-mun4, lit . "Straight Western Gate"). "Saikwan" or "Sai Kwan"
100-489: A dish served in restaurants and hotels. Its ingredients are unceasingly updated, with salted jellyfish, peanuts and fried vermicelli. Historically, creeks and canals formed the main arteries of transportation in the area. With Guangzhou's urbanization , most of these have been filled and paved or built over. The present area's major roads are Renmin Road in the east on the site of Guangzhou's old moat and city walls, Zhongshan Road in
150-519: A gable, a wooden frame and a tiled roof. Some people claim that arcades ( Chinese : 騎樓 ) in Xiguan correlate closely to the residences of ancient people living in Nanyue ( Chinese : 南越 ). They are considered as the trace of Baiyue stilt house ( Chinese : 干欄屋 ). On the other hand, some people insist that arcades are structures built in 1925 when streets were extended and roads were constructed on
200-456: A large scale in Guangzhou. Their design is deemed to have derived from ancient Greece . Arcades connect houses and make a long path for pedestrians to keep out wind, rain and the glare of sunshine. Arcades seem to be exactly designed for the climate in Guangzhou and meanwhile makes it much more convenient for stores to display their goods and attract customers. This kind of structure has always been
250-605: A member of the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and relic site of Xicun Industrial Zone developed by Chen Jitang when was in power during PC period. Major historic sites within Liwan District include the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall , Shamian Island , Xilaichudi [ zh ] , Renwei Temple [ zh ] , Huaiyuanyi ( Chinese : 怀远驿 ; pinyin : Huáiyuǎnyì ),
300-541: A permanent nonnative population of over 200,000. In the months following the proclamation of the People's Republic of China , the area of present-day Liwan District changed administrative organization a number of times. On October 14, 1949, the government organized the area as Fangcun District ( Chinese : 芳村区 ; pinyin : Fāngcūn Qū ). On November 15, it absorbed Chongwen District ( Chinese : 崇文区 ; pinyin : Chóngwén Qū ). In June 1954, Fangcun District
350-447: Is a romanization of the local Cantonese pronunciation of the same Chinese characters . It was formerly the area's more common English name, although Mandarin pinyin is now the official form within China. It was also sometimes simply translated as "Westgate" or the "western suburbs" of Guangzhou ( formerly known as "Canton"). "Xiguan" or "New Xiguan" ( Chinese : t 新 西 關 )
400-456: Is also an informal name for Guangzhou's Liwan District . Old Xiguan covered most of the present Liwan District , excluding Xicun ( Chinese : 西村 , Xīcūn ; Cantonese : j Sai1-cyun1, lit . "West Village") Lychee Bay , and the old Fangcun District . It ran along the Pearl River from the 1st Quay ( 第一 津 , p Diyī Jin , j Dai6-jat1 Zeon1 ) in
450-876: Is an extensive river system in southern China . "Pearl River" is often also used as a catch-all for the watersheds of the Pearl tributaries within Guangdong , specifically the Xi ('west'), Bei ('north'), and Dong ('east'). These rivers all ultimately flow into the South China Sea through the Pearl River Delta . Measured from the farthest reaches of the Xi River, the Pearl – Xi – Xun – Qian – Hongshui – Nanpan 2,400 km (1,500 mi) Pearl River system constitutes China's third-longest, after
500-477: Is cooked, it appears as there are two skins for the milk. Originally in Guangzhou, the most famous one would be Nanxin store, but it's now combined with other famous snack to be sold. It looks as the white jelly and with sweet taste. Coconut ice cream of Shunji Bingshi is a well-known Xiguan snack. The restaurant was established by a street hawker named Lu Shun in the 1920s. Coconut juice, extracted from fresh coconut meat, diluted milk, eggs and refined white sugar are
550-557: Is derived from poem of "a bay of green water and red lychees along both banks". From the Qin dynasty through the Qing dynasty , the area of present-day Liwan District belonged to Panyu County and Nanhai County . Liwan was historically located outside the western gates of Guangzhou, in an area known as Xiguan ( simplified Chinese : 西关 ; traditional Chinese : 西關 ; pinyin : Xīguān ; Jyutping : sai1 gwaan1 ). The district
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#1732841386146600-508: Is famed as the river that flows through Guangzhou . As well as referring to the system as a whole, the Pearl River name is applied to a specific branch within it. This Pearl River is the widest distributary within the delta, although notably short; the waters that converge east of the Bei are first referred to as the Pearl River just north of Guangzhou . The Pearl River's estuary , Bocca Tigris ,
650-607: Is famed within China as the site of "Western Learning Spreading East" ( zh:西學東漸 , p Xīxué Dōng Jiān , j Sai1 Hok6 Dung1 Zim1 ) There are varieties of customs in Xiguan, which are comparatively well conserved among districts in Guangzhou. Customs during the Chinese New Year , on Tomb Sweeping Day and Chinese Valentine's Day , during the Mid-Autumn Festival , and at the Winter Solstice are more or less
700-737: Is home to a number of prominent restaurants, including that of the White Swan Hotel , Guangzhou Restaurant [ zh ] , Shengli Hotel, Qingping Restaurant, Tao Tao Ju [ zh ] , Lianxiang Lou, and Panxi Restaurant [ zh ] . Famous local culinary specialties include Shunji coconut ice cream, Wuzhanji Jidi congee, Tingzai congee, Ouchengji dumpling and Nanxin double-condensed milk. MINISO has its headquarters in Liwan District. Schools include: Zhujiang The Pearl River ( Chinese : 珠江 ; pinyin : Zhūjiāng ; lit. 'pearl river', or 粤江 ; 粵江 ; Yuèjiāng ; ' Yue river')
750-464: Is often used in a restaurant's signage, often following the owner's name. For instance, Kaiji is named for its owner Ye Jiankai. Double-skin milk in Daliang , Shunde owns a most famous reputation. The founder of Nanxin ( Chinese : 南 信 , Cantonese : Naam4 Seon3 ) comes from Shunde, and set up a shop in Guangzhou in 1943. The name is actually derived from the cookery and taste. When it
800-934: Is proposed to build large-scale “Lingnan Custom” tourist project at Xiguan Folk Custom Area so as to provide domestic and foreign tourists with all-directional services in tour, culture, leisure, foods and accommodation. Liwan District is home to Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street , a prominent commercial pedestrian street first opened in 1995. In 1996, it was elected one of the 10 tourist attractions of Guangzhou. There are many special streets such as blackwood and jade street, ceramic crafts street, and more than 100 wholesale markets engaged in traditional Chinese medicine , aquatic products, shoes, stationery, metal ware, textile (knitted), electric appliance (communications) and decoration materials, among which Qingping Traditional Chinese Herbs and Huangsha Aquatic Product Market are State-level markets; Yiyuan Stationery Market, Guangdong Electric Appliance City are province-level markets. Liwan District
850-628: Is regularly dredged so as to keep it open for ocean vessels. The mouth of the Pearl River forms a large bay in the southeast of the delta, the Pearl River Estuary , the Bocca Tigris separates Shiziyang in the north, Lingdingyang in the south, and Jiuzhouyang at the southern tip of the estuary surrounded by the Wanshan Archipelago . This bay separates Macau and Zhuhai from Hong Kong and Shenzhen . The name "Pearl River" comes from
900-438: Is steamed into rice pellicle with meat smash, fillet and pork liver on it and the pellicle is rolled and then cut apart. Sampan Congee ( Chinese : 艇仔 粥 , Cantonese : Teng5-zai2-zuk1 ) comes from Lychee Bay . It is called Sampan Congee because it was sold by Tanka people on sampans. Its ingredients used to be only river prawns and slices of fish. Now it has become a commonly seen snack and has gradually become
950-560: Is the #7 and #8 Zhongshan Roads ( 中山 七 路 , Zhōngshān Qī Lù , and 中山 八 路 , Zhōngshān Bā Lù ) and its eastern boundary is Middle and South Renmin Roads ( 人民 中 路 , Rénmín Zhōng Lù , and 人民 南 路 , Rénmín Nán Lù ). Its south and west reach the Pearl River . This covers an area of 536 hectares (2.07 sq mi) and includes the area of former Shamian, united with the mainland through land reclamation. The suburbs outside Guangzhou's Taiping Gate came to be called "Xiguan" during
1000-584: The Cultural Park , Huangsha , and Ruyifang ; Line 8 stops at the Chen Hall , Hualin Temple , and Cultural Park ; and Line 11 stops at Zhongshanba . Liwan District Liwan District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou , the capital of Guangdong province, China . The district is split into two parts by the Pearl River : Xiguan in the northeast and Fangcun in
1050-603: The Hong Kong dramas Point of No Return (2003) and When Easterly Showers Fall on the Sunny West (2008). Xiguan Residences ( Chinese : 西關大屋 ; pinyin : Xīguān Dàwū ; Jyutping : Sai1 Gwaan1 Daai6 Uk1 ), which used to be the residences of wealthy businessmen, are the typical representative of vernacular dwellings in Xiguan. Zhutong ("Bamboo Tube") Houses are traditional houses that are rich in characteristics of Lingnan (a geographical area referring to lands in
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#17328413861461100-660: The Ming dynasty (14th–17th century). Over time, they expanded to fill the fields between the walled city and the Pearl River. The area was administered as part of Nanhai County . It was known for its loveliness. On 15 February 1921, Xiguan was removed from Nanhai County and united with Guangfu to form an enlarged Guangzhou. On 27 October 2006, the Liwan District Government approved a preservation plan for Xiguan's traditional architecture and culture. Apart from its connection to Guangdong's Lingnan and Cantonese culture, Xiguan
1150-712: The Thirteen Factories , Haishan Xianguan [ zh ] , the site of the Bahe Huiguan [ zh ] , the site of the Jinlun Huiguan [ zh ] , the Hip Tung Wo Engineering Works [ zh ] , and the Nanfang Building . Of these, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall and Shamian Island are designated as national key protected cultural relic units . The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall
1200-597: The Yangtze River and the Yellow River , and its second largest by volume, after the Yangtze. The 453,700 km (175,200 sq mi) Pearl River Basin drains the majority of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (collectively known as Liangguang ), as well as parts of Yunnan , Guizhou , Hunan and Jiangxi ; it also drains the northernmost parts of Vietnam's Northeast Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn provinces. The Pearl River
1250-553: The Changdi ( Chinese : 長 堤 , Cantonese : Coeng4-tai4, lit . "Long riverbank") and Xidi ( Chinese : 西 堤 , Cantonese : Sai1-tai4, lit . "west riverbank") of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, large office and commercial buildings were constructed, which reflected the popular new classical architectural style of the Nineteenth Century Western Countries and have also retained
1300-583: The District. Liwan is currently service by four metro lines operated by Guangzhou Metro : Liwan District has many attractions and historical sites. The historically famous "Lizhi Wan" ( simplified Chinese : 荔枝湾 ; traditional Chinese : 荔枝灣 ; pinyin : Lìzhī Wān ; lit. 'Lychee Bay'), has a 1,000-year history. In addition, there are historic sites where Dr. Sun Yat-sen , Zhan Tianyou , Chen Shaobai and Tang Tingguang lived or worked. There are Guangya School setup by Zhang Zhidong ,
1350-450: The annual precipitation. As of the end of 2023, Liwan District has a permanent population of 1,113,000, and a hukou population of 804,800. Its population growth rate in 2023 was -1.98‰ ( per mille ). Liwan district has a well-developed transport network connecting with the railway station and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in the north. Renmin Bridge and Zhujiang Tunnel link
1400-794: The architectural features of the Grecian and Roman times. Delicacies which have earned the title of Chinese Famous Food are as follows: Peanut & Sesame Filled Cake of Ronghua Teahouse ( Chinese : 榮華 樓 , Cantonese : Wing4 Waa4 Lau4 ), Double skin milk and Milk With Ginger Juice of Nanxin, Shrimp Wonton of Ouchengji, Jidi Congee of Wuzhanji, Ginger Juice & Milk Custard Tart of Qingping Restaurant ( Chinese : 清平 飯店 , Cantonese : Cing1-ping4 Faan6-dim3 ), Sweetheart Cake of Lianxianglou Teahouse ( Chinese : 蓮香 樓 , Cantonese : Lin4 Hoeng1 Lau4 ), Rice Noodle Roll With Beef of Yinji and Goose Liver Boiled Dumplings of Jinzhongge. Delicacies which have earned
1450-489: The banks of the Pearl River in the southern part of Liwan. Zhujiang Bridge, which connects Nanhai and Foshan , links the east and west together in Liwan's west. Guangzhou South Railway Cargo Station of Jingguang Railway and Xinfeng Terminal are in Liwan's southwest. No. 107 State Highway and Guang-Fo Highway connecting with Guang-Shen Highway are through to Hong Kong . Line 1 of Guangzhou Metro and Inner overhead road pass through
1500-453: The east, Baiyun District to the north, and Nanhai District in Foshan to the west. The area of Liwan District is frequently affected by typhoons . In 2023, the area experienced a total annual precipitation of 1,932.2 millimetres (76.07 in), of which the cumulative precipitation during the flood season (March 27-October 31) was 1,711.7 millimetres (67.39 in), accounting for 88.6% of
1550-453: The example such as Shangxiajiu , Zhongshan Lu , Enning Lu ( Chinese : 恩寧路 ; pinyin : Ēnníng Lù ; Jyutping : Jan1 Ning4 Lou6 ; lit. 'Enning Rd.') and Renmin Nanlu . Buildings on Shamian can be divided into four categories: New Baroque , Neoclassical , Veranda , and Pseudo-Gothic . During the end of the nineteenth century to early twentieth centuries, along
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1600-480: The ingredients. The delicacies of Shunji have been tasted by heads of foreign states and honored guests such as Norodom Sihanouk from Cambodia in the 1950s and 1960s. Since 1956, the restaurant has acquired the title of Guangzhou Famous Food . Kaiji ( Chinese : 開 記 , Cantonese : Hoi1 Gei3 ) is located on Longjin Donglu . Its owner is Ye Jiankai and he is jokingly called Dousha Kai (豆沙開) because of
1650-542: The main feature of Guangzhou's commercial atmosphere and has become the sign of Guangdong Street or Canton Street ( Chinese : 廣東街 ) in other places, such as Jinling Donglu ( Chinese : 金陵東路 ) in Shanghai Arcades in Guangzhou first appeared in the area around Sacred Heart Cathedral on Yide Lu ( Chinese : 一德路 ; pinyin : Yīdé Lù ; Jyutping : Jat1 Dak1 Lou6 ; lit. 'Yide Rd.'). Later, other business quarters in Guangzhou imitated
1700-722: The north, and Dongfeng, Huanshi, 623, Nan'an, and Kangwang Roads and Huangsha Avenue. The Pearl River is crossed by the Zhujiang and Renmin Bridges and the Zhujiang Tunnel . A local feature are surviving granite streets and lanes ( 麻石街巷 ), which were used around the Xiguan residences. Xiguan is well connected to the Guangzhou Metro . Line 1 stops at the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall , Changshou Road , and Huangsha ; Line 5 stops at Zhongshanba , Xichang , and Xicun ; Line 6 stops at
1750-460: The northwest to the outlet of the western moat ( 西 濠 , p Xīháo , j Sai1-hou4 ) in the southeast. This "creek" formed the eastern boundary of the Thirteen Factories and separated Xiguan from Nanguan , the old city's southern suburb and Chinese dockyards. The foreign enclave on Shamian Island was usually excluded from Xiguan but Huangsha ( 黃沙 , p Huángshā , j Wong4*2-saa1 , lit . "Yellow Sands")
1800-454: The pearl-colored shells that lie within the Pearl's riverbed as it flows through the city of Guangzhou. A 500 kV power line, suspended from three of the tallest pylons in the world, crosses the river near the Nansha Bridge . Numerous brands are named after the river. The Zhujiang Brewery in Guangzhou is one of the three largest domestic breweries in China, and Pearl River Bridge
1850-546: The restaurant is famous for its variety of congee, Jidi the congee in particular. This congee contains dried beancurd stick, gingko and flounder. The congee is also called Sanyuan Jidi Congee for the reason that the numbers of its ingredients in each bowl, namely pork balls, pork liver slices and pork intestine slices correspond respectively to the numbers of Zhuangyuan (狀元, Cantonese : Zong6-jyun4 ), Bangyan (榜眼, Cantonese : Bong2-ngaan5 ) and Tanhua (探花, Cantonese : Taam3-faa1 ). Wuzhanji's Jidi Congee earned
1900-495: The restaurant's food. Kaiji's Tangyuan served with green bean soup and Vanilla green bean soup clear away diners' heat and toxic material and earn a high reputation in Guangzhou. The shop is Ye's grandfather's legacy. Shrimp Wonton Noodle of Ouchengji ( Chinese : 歐成 記 , Cantonese : Au1 Sing4 Gei3 ) is famous. The soup served with this delicacy is the double-stewed soup made of shrimp-roe, flounder and pig bones. Fresh pork, shrimp and eggs are used in stuffing of
1950-707: The same as those in other places in Guangzhou. During the Dragon Boat Festival , some male residents row dragon boats. The area's culture is celebrated in Dongshan Shaoye 's song "Miss Xiguan" ( 西關 小姐 , Xiguan Xiaojie , j Sai1-gwaan1 Siu2-ze2 ) and Liao Weili 's album Xiguan . Xiguan is the setting of the mainland Chinese dramas Exotic Wives and Local Husbands ( 外來 媳婦 本地 郎 , Wailai Xifu Bendi Lang , j Ngoi6-loi4 Sik1-fu5 Bun2-dei6-long4 ) and Turbulent Xiguan ( 風雨 西關 , Fengyu Xiguan , j Fung1-jyu5 Sai1-gwaan1 ) and
2000-429: The shape of a bamboo tube. Ventilation, drainage and traffic are mainly dependent on the skylights and the roadway, i.e. the longer the house is, the more skylights are required. They appear to be one story, but since they can reach a height of 4.5 meters, they always set floor levels and stairways within the house. Stones are used to construct the base of a wall and bricks are used as the body of each wall. They always have
2050-555: The south of China's "Five Ranges" which are Tayu, Qitian, Dupang, Mengzhu, Yuecheng. This region covers the Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces of modern China and northern Vietnam). They are relatively cruder and narrower than a Xi guan (West Customs) house. The width of this type of house is short and the depth is long; the W/L ratio varies from 1:4 to 1:8. The rooms are arranged from front to back with skylights ( 天井 ) as intervals thus
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2100-454: The southwest. The area has a prominent history, dating back to the Qin dynasty , and hosts a number of major historic sites. Liwan District spans an area of 62.4 square kilometres (24.1 sq mi), and as of the end of 2023, has a population of about 1,113,000. Liwan District was named after "Lizhi Wan" ( simplified Chinese : 荔枝湾 ; traditional Chinese : 荔枝灣 ; pinyin : Lìzhī Wān ; lit. 'Lychee Bay'), which
2150-589: The title of Chinese Famous Food in 1997. Rice noodle roll (腸粉) was originated by the Hexianguan Restaurant in Pantang ( Chinese : 泮 塘 , Cantonese : Pun3 Tong4 ) during the Second Sino-Japanese War and it has been a must in Guangzhou's restaurants. Rice noodle roll with beef of Yinji ( Chinese : 銀 記 , Cantonese : Ngan4 Gei3 ) is the most famous type. Rice milk
2200-594: The title of Guangzhou Famous Food are as follows: Milk With Ginger Juice of Xinghualou Teahouse, Milk Paste of Fenghuang, Sesame Paste Sweet Dumplings of Rongde, Sachima of Satangji, Sampan Congee , Salty Pancake of Dechang, Stuffed Glutinous Rice Dumpling and Burst (Laughing) Deep-fried Pastry Ball of Liangyingji, White Sugar Lunjiao Cake of Guohua, Coconut Ice Cream and Grass Jelly of Shunji Bingshi ( Chinese : 順記 冰室 , Cantonese : Seon6-gei3 Bing1-sat1 , lit . "Shun's Bing sutt "). The Chinese character Ji 記 ( Cantonese : Gei3 )
2250-473: The wontons. The wonton wrapper is so thin that wontons appear carneous after being cooked thoroughly, thus called glass wontons . Jidi Congee ( Chinese : 及第 粥 , Cantonese : Kap6-dai2-zuk1 ) of Wuzhanji ( Chinese : 伍湛 記 , Cantonese : Ng5 Zaam3 Gei3 ), alternatively called "Sanyuan Jidi Congee" (三元及第粥), has been famous since Republic of China . Located in Wenchang Xiang ,
2300-471: Was abolished once again on May 11, 1962, and merged into Jiao District. In May 1985, the State Council officially approved the re-establishment of Fangcun District of Guangzhou. In September 2005, Fangcun District was abolished, and re-established as Liwan District. Liwan District is positioned in the west part of Guangzhou, on along the banks of the Pearl River . It is bordered by Yuexiu District to
2350-488: Was abolished, and its area was split between Henan District ( Chinese : 河南区 ; pinyin : Hénán Qū ) and Xinjiao District ( Chinese : 新滘区 ; pinyin : Xīnjiào Qū ). In April 1959, eight production brigades from Nanhai County were merged into Guangzhou City, and the area of former Fangcun District was placed under the jurisdiction of Jiao District ( Chinese : 郊区 ; pinyin : Jiāo Qū ), Guangzhou. After being briefly re-established, Fangcun District
2400-424: Was also the site of the historic area of Huadi , at the southwest of Guangzhou's downtown area and south of Pearl River. The area of present-day Liwan, along with Guangfu (present Yuexiu ), was merged into the newly-formed city of Guangzhou upon its incorporation, on February 15, 1921. Liwan covers an area of 16.2 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi), and has a permanent population of about 540,000 and
2450-901: Was elected one of the 8 new scenic spots of Guangzhou. Haishan Xianguan was historically a leader of Lingnan horticulture, and contributed to the development of Lingnan culture . The area of the Thirteen Factories was the sole legal site of foreign trade within China for nearly one hundred years. There are several municipality-level relic spots: Hualin Temple, one of Guangzhou's Buddhist “five jungles”, Taoist Zhenwudi Renwei Temple, Jiang Guangding ’s former residence, Li Wentian ’s Taihua Building and Xiguan big house. In order to integrate those typical spots organically for tourists’ convenience, Liwan District Administration divides them into 4 tourist areas, Xiguan Folk Custom Area, Chen Clan Temple Cultural and Leisure Area, Shamian Continental Tourist Area, and Shisanhang Commercial and Cultural Area. It
2500-454: Was usually included. The northeastern area from the 1st Wharf to Taiping Gate was called Upper Xiguan ( 上 西關 , p Shàng Xīguān , j Soeng6 Sai1-gwaan1 ) and the southwestern area stretching to Huangsha was known as Lower Xiguan ( 下 西關 , p Xià Xīguān , j Haa6 Sai1-gwaan1 ) In modern Guangzhou, the preservation district of Xiguan is formally defined as follows: The northern boundary of Xiguan
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