The Four Books and Five Classics are authoritative and important books associated with Confucianism , written before 300 BC. They are traditionally believed to have been either written, edited or commented by Confucius or one of his disciples. Starting in the Han dynasty , they became the core of the Chinese classics on which students were tested in the Imperial examination system.
17-1246: Wujing may refer to: Five Classics (五經), five classic Chinese books Sha Wujing (沙悟淨), one of the three helpers of Xuánzàng in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West Wujing Zongyao (武經總要, Chinese military compendium written in 1044 AD, during the Northern Song dynasty People's Armed Police (武警), a paramilitary force of the People's Republic of China Wujing, Fufeng County ( 午井 镇 ), town in Fufeng County , Baoji, Shaanxi Wujing, Nanxiong (乌迳镇), town in Guangdong Wujing, Linqu County (五井镇), town in Shandong Wujing, Shanghai (吴泾镇), town in Minhang District "Wujing" ( The Blacklist ) , 2013 episode of TV series The Blacklist See also [ edit ] Wu Jing (disambiguation) Wu Ching (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
34-574: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Five Classics The Four Books ( 四書 ; Sìshū ) are Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism . They were selected by intellectual Zhu Xi in the Song dynasty to serve as general introduction to Confucian thought, and they were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made
51-475: Is said to be the first published and printed Chinese short story collection about fraud. Written and compiled by Zhang Yingyu (張應俞), a man who lived in the early to mid 16th-century, it was published in Fujian province in or around 1617 , and most of its stories are set during the latter part of the Ming dynasty . To each story the author adds a commentary that offers a moral lesson. In some cases, Yingyu even notes
68-537: The Classic of Whoring ( Piaojing 嫖經) and Zhang Yingyu's A New Book for Foiling Swindles ( Dupian Xinshu 杜騙新書, ca. 1617), which is known colloquially as The Book of Swindles or The Classic of Swindles . Traditionally, it was thought that Confucius himself had compiled or edited the texts of the Five Classics. The scholar Yao Xinzhong allows that there are good reasons to believe that Confucian classics took shape in
85-565: The Four Books and wrote commentaries whose new interpretations became accepted as being those of Confucius himself. Under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han , the Five Classics and Four Books became the basis of the Imperial examination system. The Book of Swindles The Book of Swindles ( Piàn jīng 騙經), also known by its longer title, A New Book for Foiling Swindlers, Based on Worldly Experience ( Jiānghú lìlǎn dùpiàn xīnshū 江湖歷覽杜騙新書),
102-606: The Han dynasty which supposedly survived the Qin dynasty burning of the books but many of them held that these works had not been edited by Confucius but survived directly from the Zhou dynasty . For quite different reasons, mainly having to do with modern textual scholarship , a greater number of twentieth century scholars both in China and in other countries hold that Confucius had nothing to do with editing
119-514: The classics, much less writing them. Yao Xinzhong reports that still other scholars hold the "pragmatic" view that the history of the Classics is a long one and that Confucius and his followers, although they did not intend to create a system of classics, "contributed to their formation." In any case, it is undisputed that for most of the last 2,000 years, Confucius was believed to have either written or edited these classics. The most important events in
136-442: The cleverness of the con while pointing out the foolishness of its victim. Modern editions have been entitled both The Book Against Swindles ( Fan Pian Jing 反骗经) and The Book of Swindles ( Pian jing 骗经). A selected English translation, The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection , translated by Christopher Rea and Bruce Rusk, was published by Columbia University Press in 2017. The first edition of 1617 has
153-591: The core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations . More information of them are as follows: The Five Classics ( 五經 ; Wǔjīng ) are five pre- Qin Chinese books that form part of the traditional Confucian canon. Several of the texts were already prominent by the Warring States period . Mencius , the leading Confucian scholar of the time, regarded the Spring and Autumn Annals as being equally important as
170-400: The full title A New Book for Foiling Swindlers, Based on Worldly Experience ( Jianghu lilan dupian xinshu ), suggesting that it is a guide to avoiding swindles and to how to negotiate in the risky world of the traveling merchant. The Book of Swindles is divided into twenty-four categories of swindle: Zhang Yingyu, style name Kui Zhong (夔衷), is an obscure figure. The Book of Swindles is
187-508: The hands of Confucius, but that "nothing can be taken for granted in the matter of the early versions of the classics." From the time of the Western Han dynasty, Yao continues, most Confucian scholars believed that Confucius re-collected and edited the prior works, thereby "fixing" the versions of the ancient writings which became the Classics. Confucian tradition believes that the Shijing collection
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#1732855827544204-761: The only known work to appear under his name, and no other records of him are known. A note on the title page of one Ming dynasty copy claims that he was from Zhejiang province, while a 1617 preface says that he was from Fujian. The Book of Swindles incorporates elements from a variety of other Chinese genres, especially court case ( gong'an ) fiction , in which a capable magistrate solves a crime. Stories involving sorcerers , Buddhist monks , and Daoist priests, who engage in alchemy or dream spirit possession, include motifs from supernatural tales. Other stories, featuring suspense, surprise and revelation, resemble jokes in structure. A minority include apocryphal anecdotes about historical figures. Other works of fiction from
221-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wujing . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wujing&oldid=1245356973 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
238-473: The semi-legendary chronicles of earlier periods. During the Western Han dynasty , which adopted Confucianism as its official ideology, these texts became part of the state-sponsored curriculum. It was during this period that the texts first began to be considered together as a set collection, and to be called collectively the "Five Classics". The Classic of Music is sometimes considered the sixth classic but
255-445: The textual career of these classics were the adoption of Confucianism as state orthodoxy in the Han dynasty , which led to their preservation, and the "renaissance" of Confucianism in the Song dynasty , which led to their being made the basis of Confucian orthodoxy in the imperial examination system in the following dynasties. The Neo-Confucian sage Zhu Xi (1130–1200) fixed the texts of
272-501: Was edited by Confucius from a collection of 3,000 pieces to its traditional form of 305 pieces. In the twentieth century, many Chinese scholars still held to this tradition. The New Confucian scholar, Xiong Shili (1885–1968), for instance, held that the Six Classics were the final versions "fixed up" by Confucius in his old age. Other scholars had and have different views. The Old Text School , for instance, relied on versions found in
289-501: Was lost. Up to the Western Han, authors would typically list the Classics in the order Poems-Documents-Rituals-Changes-Spring and Autumn. However, from the Eastern Han the default order instead became Changes-Documents-Poems-Rituals-Spring and Autumn. Authors and editors of later eras have also appropriated the terms "Book" and "Classic" and applied them ironically to compendia focused on patently low-brow subject matter. Examples include
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