57-431: The World Flying Disc Federation ( WFDF ) is the international governing body for flying disc (Frisbee) sports, with responsibility for sanctioning world championship events, establishing uniform rules, setting of standards for and recording of world records. WFDF is a federation of member associations which represent flying disc sports and their athletes in 100 countries. WFDF is an international federation recognized by
114-447: A flying disc or simply a disc , is a gliding toy or sporting item that is generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres (8 to 10 in) in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games . The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through
171-619: A levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg. This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League . Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on
228-410: A meteorological winter with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with being hit by tornadoes . On 8 August 1947,
285-468: A High-end F1/T3 Tornado hit the Ramlösa district of Helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away and a tree were snapped. On 16 August 2007, downtown Helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school and snapping trees. On 22 June 2014, a Waterspout was observed outside Helsingborg. On 27 August 2018,
342-550: A certain velocity in flight. The term frisbee is often used generically to describe all flying discs , but Frisbee is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company. This protection results in organized sports such as ultimate or disc golf having to forgo use of the word "Frisbee". Frisbees were invented in the late 1930s by the American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison . Morrison and his future wife Lucile had fun tossing
399-785: A diameter of 10 inches (25 cm) or less and a weight of around 160 grams (5.6 oz), but this is subject to change according to the performer's need. The IFT guts competitions in Northern Michigan, the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships (1972), Toronto, Ontario, the Vancouver Open Frisbee Championships (1974), Vancouver, British Columbia, the Octad (1974), New Jersey, the American Flying Disc Open (1974), Rochester, New York, and
456-526: A flexible polypropylene plastic by Southern California Plastics, the original molder. He discovered that he could produce his own disc more cheaply, and he designed a new model in 1955 called the Pluto Platter, the archetype of all modern flying discs. He sold the rights to Wham-O on January 23, 1957. In June 1957, Wham-O co-founders Richard Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin gave the disc the brand name "Frisbee" after learning that college students were calling
513-403: A flying disc in the opposing court. Dogs and their human flying disc throwers compete in events such as distance catching and somewhat choreographed freestyle catching. This is a precision and accuracy sport in which individual players throw a flying disc at a target pole hole. In 1926, In Bladworth, Saskatchewan, Canada, Ronald Gibson and a group of his Bladworth Elementary school chums played
570-701: A formal decision was made to establish a worldwide disc association in Örebro, Sweden during the 1984 European Overall Championships. This decision was confirmed later that year by other flying disc countries in Lucerne, Switzerland, during the World Ultimate and Guts Championships, and thus the World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF) was born. The first WFDF Congress was held in Helsingborg, Sweden in July 1985, where
627-578: A game using metal lids, they called "Tin Lid Golf". In 1976, the game of disc golf was standardized with targets called "pole holes" invented and developed by Wham-O's Ed Headrick. In 1974, freestyle competition was created and introduced by Ken Westerfield and Discraft 's Jim Kenner. Teams of two or three players are judged as they perform a routine that consists of a series of creative throwing and catching techniques set to music. A half-court disc game derived from ultimate, similar to hot box. The object
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#1732852176523684-713: A major coffee company, has been located here since the 1800s. The beverage espresso and tonic first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007. The following sports clubs are located in Helsingborg: The Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) and World Bowling Tour (WBT) have jointly hosted a ten-pin bowling event in Sweden since 2017 called the Lucky Larsen Masters. Olympia Bowling in Helsingborg hosted
741-472: A popcorn can lid after a Thanksgiving Day dinner in 1937. They soon discovered a market for a light-duty flying disc when they were offered 25 cents (equivalent to $ 5 in 2023) for a cake pan that they were tossing back and forth on a beach near Los Angeles . In 2007, in an interview in The Virginian-Pilot newspaper, Morrison compared that with the 5 cents (equivalent to $ 1 in 2023) it cost at
798-500: Is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality , Scania (Skåne) , Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö ) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark : the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on
855-528: Is a not-for-profit corporation, incorporated in Colorado, US, and it was formed in 1985. WFDF is a member of Global Association of International Sports Federations (formerly known as SportAccord), The International World Games Association (IWGA), and the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE). In May 2013, under the leadership of WFDF President Robert L. "Nob" Rauch, WFDF
912-489: Is by David Wiggins Jr. with a distance of 338 metres (1,109 ft). Disc dog sports use relatively slow-flying discs made of more pliable material to better resist a dog's bite and prevent injury to the dog. Flying rings are also available which typically travel significantly farther than any traditional flying disc. Illuminated discs are made of phosphorescent plastic or contain chemiluminescent fluid or battery-powered LEDs for play after dark. Others whistle when they reach
969-460: Is described in the song "Friz Me the Frisby," as a Frisbee was passed among stooges in the audience. The scene was expressly intended as a way to introduce the game to the audience. In 1964, Ed Headrick was hired as Wham-O's general manager and vice president of marketing. Headrick redesigned the Pluto Platter by reworking the mold, mainly to remove the names of the planets, but fortuitously increasing
1026-1905: Is planning to recommence world championship events in Ultimate, Beach ultimate, Disc Golf, and Overall in 2022, and to participate in The World Games championships in Birmingham, Alabama, U.S. in July 2022 that had been postponed from 2021. Disciplines: Disc sports represented include: Ultimate (outdoor, indoor, beach), disc golf , field events (distance, accuracy, self caught flight, discathon), guts frisbee , double disc court , and freestyle . Cincinnati, Ohio , U.S., 23–31 July 2022 Cincinnati, Ohio , U.S., 14–21 July 2018 Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada, 29 July - 4 August 2018 Lecco , Italy, 2–9 August 2014 Prague , Czech Republic, 3–10 July 2010 Perth , Australia, 11–18 November 2006 Honolulu , US, 4–10 August 2002 St. Andrews , Scotland, 12–20 August 1999 Vancouver Canada, 27 July – 2 August 1997 Millfield United Kingdom, 22–29 July 1995 Madison, Wisconsin US, 24–31 July 1993 Toronto Canada, 22–28 July 1991 Cologne Germany, 26–30 July 1989 Kaohsiung Taiwan, 19–21 July 2009 Jacksonville, Florida , 9–12 July 2009 Open Division Women's Division Gold Coast, Australia, 31 August – 7 September 2024 London , Great Britain, 18–25 June 2016 Sakai , Japan, 7–14 July 2012 Vancouver , Canada, 2–9 August 2008 Turku , Finland, 1–7 August 2004 Heilbronn , Germany, 12–20 August 2000 Blaine, Minnesota , US, 15–22 August 1998 Jönköping , Sweden, 10–17 August 1996 Colchester , United Kingdom, 21–28 August 1994 Utsunomiya , Japan, 17–23 August 1992 Oslo , Norway, 8–14 July 1990 Flying disc A frisbee (pronounced / ˈ f r ɪ z b iː / FRIZ -bee ), also called
1083-434: Is subdivided into 31 districts. Helsingborg is a major regional centre of trade, transport and business. In 2001 Campus Helsingborg , a branch of University of Lund , opened in the former Tretorn rubber factory buildings, founded by Henry Dunker . Three ferry companies take people and cargo to and from Denmark around the clock. The route is popular with day-trippers going to Helsingør or Copenhagen , or simply enjoying
1140-510: Is the disc golf disc, which is used in the sport of disc golf . Disc golf discs are similar in size and shape to ultimate discs, but have different weights and designs. The material often used to make golf discs is polypropylene . There are three main types of disc golf discs: drivers, mid-range discs, and putters. Each type is designed for a specific purpose, with drivers being used for long-distance throws, mid-range discs for more controlled shots, and putters for short and accurate throws into
1197-614: Is to advance the disc on the field of play by passing, and score points by throwing the flying disc to a teammate in a small scoring area. The game of guts was invented by the Healy Brothers in the 1950s and developed at the International Frisbee Tournament (IFT) in Eagle Harbor, Michigan . Two teams of one to five team members stand in parallel lines facing each other across a court and throw flying discs at members of
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#17328521765231254-753: The International Olympic Committee (IOC), a member of the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations (ARISF), GAISF , and the International World Games Association (IWGA), and it is a registered not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation in the state of Colorado, U.S. WFDF has member associations in 118 countries (90+28) (in March 2022), from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, The Caribbean and South America ( regular members and provisional members ). WFDF
1311-469: The Swedish orthography reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg . In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg ; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971. In World War II , Helsingborg
1368-485: The target . The rim for golf discs are sharper than ultimate frisbee, to reduce wind drag . Each type of golf disc has hundreds of variations, subject to a uniform requirement in the size of discs: the minimum diameter of a golf disc is 21 cm (8.3 in ). Freestyle discs are another variation of flying discs that are used in freestyle Frisbee competitions. These discs are usually smaller and lighter than other types of flying discs. Most freestyle discs have
1425-534: The 2001 World Games in Akita, Japan, and in each of the subsequent competitions. In May 2013, under the leadership WFDF President Robert L. "Nob" Rauch, WFDF was granted provisional recognition by the International Olympic Committee and it is now one of 42 sports that are members of the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations . Due to the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic, WFDF canceled all its world championship events in both 2020 and 2021. It
1482-457: The Eskilsminne district of Helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage. 113,816 live in the city of Helsingborg as of 2020, up from 104,250 inhabitants in 2015. 149,280 live in the municipality, with the city being by far the most populated one. Helsingborg is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö ) and ninth-largest in Sweden. The City of Helsingborg
1539-603: The Pluto Platter by that term, which was derived from the Connecticut-based pie manufacturer Frisbie Pie Company , a supplier of pies to Yale University , where students had started a campus craze tossing empty pie tins stamped with the company's logo—the way that Morrison and his wife had in 1937. In November 1957, the Frisbee was featured in what may be the first rock musical ever performed, Anything & Everything , written by Ted Nelson. The game of Frisbee (spelled Frisby)
1596-548: The Whirlo-Way, after the famous racehorse . He and business partner Warren Franscioni began producing the first plastic discs by 1948, after design modifications and experimentation with several prototypes. They renamed them the "Flyin-Saucer" in the wake of reported unidentified flying object sightings . "We worked fairs, demonstrating it," Morrison told the Virginian-Pilot . The two of them once overheard someone saying that
1653-488: The World Frisbee Championships (1974), Pasadena, California, are the earliest Frisbee competitions that presented the Frisbee as a new disc sport. Before these tournaments, the Frisbee was considered a toy and used for recreation. Double disc court was invented and introduced in 1974 by Jim Palmeri, a sport played with two flying discs and two teams of two players. Each team defends its court and tries to land
1710-420: The air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance. A wide range is available of flying disc variants. Those for disc golf are usually smaller but denser compared to ultimate frisbee, and tailored for particular flight profiles to increase or decrease stability and distance. The longest recorded disc throw
1767-615: The continental association of the World Flying Disc Federation). On 3 December 2011, was founded in Kaohsiung , Chinese Taipei (2011 WFDF Asia Oceanic Ultimate Championship (AOUC)). Foundation meeting: Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, India, Japan, and Singapore. Events: Members (25+3): Asia: Oceania: Other: Flying disc sport rose with the invention of plastic and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2007. The early years of international flying disc play were dominated by
World Flying Disc Federation - Misplaced Pages Continue
1824-417: The countries of Western Europe. The FDAs began with freestyle and accuracy competitions but as Ultimate and disc golf caught on, the associations began to broaden their focus. The concept of an independent world organization for the development and coordination of all of the disc disciplines began in 1980 at an Atlanta, Georgia, meeting of 40 international disc organizers. A loose federation led by Jim Powers
1881-491: The disc disciplines. Over the remainder of the 1980s, WFDF took on an increasing role in overseeing and promoting international disc tournaments with Stork as president and Lindgren as secretary-treasurer. In 1992, Robert L. "Nob" Rauch was elected President of WFDF and Juha Jalovaara become chair of the Ultimate Committee. Over the next two years, WFDF was reorganized to better reflect the increasing growth of Ultimate and
1938-637: The diversity of WFDF's membership. The disc committee structure was simplified into a broad category of team sports (Ultimate and Guts) and individual events (golf and the overall disciplines). The role of the Rules Committee was expanded, headed by Stork, to ensure consistency and an annual rules book was printed. With a variety of representation, the categories of membership were further defined, with national associations able to join as regular, associate, or provisional (non-paying) members depending on level of participation and resources. WFDF's corporate standing
1995-595: The father of Frisbee sports; he founded the International Frisbee Association and appointed Dan Roddick as its head. Roddick began establishing North American Series (NAS) tournament standards for various Frisbee sports, such as Freestyle , Guts , Double Disc Court , and overall events. Headrick later helped to develop the sport of disc golf, which was first played with Frisbees and later with more aerodynamic beveled-rim discs, by inventing standardized targets called "pole holes". When Headrick died, he
2052-461: The first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden. Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085. Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark , at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues ,
2109-566: The first set of statutes was adopted and the first board was elected. The first president was Charlie Mead (England), the first secretary Johan Lindgren (Sweden) and the first treasurer Brendan Nolan (Ireland). Membership was composed of the national flying disc associations and US-oriented organizations such as the Ultimate Players Association, Freestyle Players Associations, and Guts Players Association. Committees were established to oversee international play and rules for each of
2166-407: The game is to advance the disc and score points by eventually passing the disc to a team member in the opposing team's end zone. Players may not run while holding the disc. Helsingborg, Sweden Helsingborg ( / ˈ h ɛ l s ɪ ŋ b ɔːr ɡ / , US also /- b ɔːr ( j ə ), - b ɔːr i , ˌ h ɛ l s ɪ ŋ ˈ b ɔːr i / , Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ),
2223-634: The influence of the International Frisbee Association (IFA) which was founded by Ed Headrick in 1967 as the promotional arm of the Wham-O Manufacturing Company. Many of the international affiliates began as Wham-O distributorships that sponsored tours of well-known Frisbee athletes. Several groups of individual disc event stars like Ken Westerfield and Jim Kenner touring Canada in 1972. The brothers Jens and Erwin Velasquez and
2280-402: The middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization. From 1892, a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør . A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967. Following
2337-508: The name Elsinore Sewing Club (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an Underground Railroad of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched Copenhagen docks to spots farther away, especially Helsingør , just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In
World Flying Disc Federation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2394-546: The opposing team. A patented game scoring points by throwing and deflecting the flying disc and hitting or entering the goal. The game ends when a team scores exactly 21 points or "chogs" the disc for an instant win. The most widely played disc game began in the late 1960s with Joel Silver and Jared Kass. In the 1970s, it developed as an organized sport with the creation of the Ultimate Players Association by Dan Roddick, Tom Kennedy and Irv Kalb. The object of
2451-401: The other side of the Øresund . Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ( Kärnan ) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan , the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was
2508-552: The pair were using wires to make the discs hover, so they developed a sales pitch: "The Flyin' Saucer is free, but the invisible wire is $ 1.00." (equivalent to $ 13 in 2023) "That's where we learned we could sell these things," he said, because people were enthusiastic about them. Morrison and Franscioni ended their partnership in early 1950, and Morrison formed his own company in 1954 called American Trends to buy and sell "Flyin Saucers" (no hyphen after 1953), which were being made of
2565-418: The rim thickness and mass in the process, creating a more controllable disc that could be thrown more accurately. Wham-O changed their marketing strategy to promote Frisbee use as a new sport, and sales increased. In 1964, the first professional model went on sale. Headrick patented its design; it featured raised ridges (the "Rings of Headrick") that were claimed to stabilize flight. Headrick became known as
2622-620: The southern Scandinavian peninsula , and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund , Peder Winstrup . At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people. Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania
2679-468: The span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg. Helsingborg has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks
2736-414: The sport of Ultimate . Ultimate discs are made of durable plastic (often polyethylene ) and are designed to be thrown for maximum distance and accuracy. Ultimate has a unique standard with a diameter of 10.75 inches (27.3 cm ) and a weight of 175 grams (6.2 oz ). For competitive uses, WFDF or other official organizations set disc standards to ensure quality. Another type of flying disc
2793-477: The team of Peter Bloeme and Dan "Stork" Roddick made several tours of Scandinavia and the rest of Europe in the mid-1970s; Jo Cahow and Stork went to Australia and Japan in 1976 and Victor Malafronte and Monica Lou toured Japan around the same time. Stork—starting as head of the sports marketing arm of the U.S.-based Wham-O in 1975—played a crucial role in encouraging the establishment of national flying disc associations (FDAs) in Sweden, Japan, Australia, and in many of
2850-495: The time: "That got the wheels turning, because you could buy a cake pan for five cents, and if people on the beach were willing to pay a quarter for it, well—there was a business." The Morrisons continued their business until World War II , when Walter served in the Army Air Force flying P-47s , and then was a prisoner of war. After the war, Morrison sketched a design for an aerodynamically improved flying disc that he called
2907-470: The views from the ferries. IKEA , the retailer of furniture and home interiors, has its international corporate headquarters in Helsingborg. Nicorette , the nicotine chewing gum, has a manufacturing plant there. Ramlösa is a mineral water from Ramlösa Brunn , a southern suburb of the city. Mobile phone developer Spectronic is also situated in Helsingborg. The online custom clothing retailer Tailor Store Sweden AB has its offices in Helsingborg. Zoégas ,
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#17328521765232964-577: Was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's Jewish population during the Holocaust . Adolf Hitler had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the concentration camps on Rosh HaShanah , the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz , a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using
3021-755: Was cremated, and his ashes were molded into memorial discs and given to family and close friends and sold to benefit The Ed Headrick Memorial Museum. In 1998, the Frisbee was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame . In addition, many championships have sprung up around the world and the sport has become very popular, with nine-time champion Miguel Larrañaga from Spain being the leading exponent of frisbee throwing. Flying discs , or known as Frisbee, have variations produced for different purposes to optimize variations between branches of disc sports. The three main categories are: ultimate disc, golf disc, and freestyle disc. Ultimate discs are designed to be used in
3078-676: Was formed from that meeting but never took off. The following year, the relatively well-established national flying disc associations of Europe formed the European Flying Disc Federation (EFDF). In 1983 Wham-O was sold to Kransco and the IFA was disbanded. Spurred on by the demise of the IFA, Stork called a meeting at the US Open Overall Championships in La Mirada, California. A plan was presented by Charlie Mead of England and
3135-414: Was granted provisional recognition by the International Olympic Committee and gained full IOC recognition on 2 August 2015. It is now one of 42 sports that are members of the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations . 118 members (90 regular members and 28 provisional members): Asia Oceania Flying Disc Federation (AOFDF) - (governing body of Asian and Oceanic Flying Disc) (one of
3192-515: Was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly. On 20 October 1811, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte , Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later King Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm . From
3249-557: Was reorganized and incorporated in Colorado, obtaining US tax-exempt status. WFDF, with a fairly nominal budget, found help with the increasing use of e-mail that permitted reasonable communication and coordination. In 1994, the application to join the International World Games Association (IWGA)—championed by Fumio "Moro" Morooka of Japan—was prepared and eventually accepted by the IWGA leading to Ultimate's participation in
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