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76-540: The WFSS, dedicated to the revival of figures and fancy skating, was created in 2015 by 1994 Olympian and figures expert, Karen Courtland Kelly . Its operations are based in Lake Placid, New York . Also in 2015, WFSS' Skating Hall of Fame was formed and the first World Figure Championship on black ice was held and renamed the World Figure and Fancy Skating Championships, or WFFSC, after the literary skating masterpiece that

152-564: A competing organization, the International Skating Union of America (ISUA), in 1907. Over the next two years, 12 European nations had joined the ISU, while the ISUA had only its original two members. The ISUA folded in 1927. European and North American figure skaters rarely competed against each other because of differences in their styles of skating. The ISU had "systematized and arranged"

228-420: A competitive advantage over less affluent and smaller countries with fewer ice rinks and resources to spend the time necessary to train for proficiency in figures. By the late 1970s and into the 1980s, there were discussions about eliminating them from international competitions. In 1988, the ISU voted to remove compulsory figures from international single skating competitions, for both men and women, starting in

304-537: A difference in treatment of amateur and professional skaters wishing to qualify for the Olympic Games. In 1986, the limitations imposed on professional skaters were removed and the categories of "eligible" and "ineligible" persons were introduced to replace the concepts of "amateurs" and "professionals" . In 1998, Eligibility rules established a comprehensive pre-authorisation system by stipulating that eligible skaters could only take part in competitions approved by

380-581: A language because the "knowledge was literally going extinct", also commentated live-streamed broadcasts of the competitions. The Press-Republican , a local newspaper in Plattsburgh, reported the 2021 competition's unofficial results: Heather Zarisky of the U.S. came in first place in the women's event and Shepard Clark, also from the U.S., won the men's event. Zarisky's total was 57 points, while Anne Bennett came in second place with 110 points and Meghan Germain came in third place with 137 points. Clark's total

456-605: A neutral flag. On 11 June 2023 the ISU responded to the IOC 28 March statement, saying that the ISU Council "decided to explore the feasibility issues with regard to potential pathways to implement the IOC recommendations within ISU Sports. ...The Council will continue to monitor the situation in Ukraine and its impact on the ISU activity as well as the decisions and their implementation within

532-446: A series of events titled ‘Icederby Grand Prix’ scheduled to run for six consecutive years from 2014 to 2020. Run by a Korean event organiser, it offered unprecedented prize money to attract the world's best skaters. In 2011, Icederby International approached the ISU to enter into a partnership agreement and presented its action plan. Initially, Icederby included betting in connection with its planned Grand Prix in countries where betting

608-567: A tie for first place in the women's competition, Jill Ahlbrecht and Sandy Lenx-Jackson had to complete an additional tie-breaking figure, and Ahlbrecht won the event. The 2015 Championships also included workshops teaching skaters how to complete figures. It was endorsed by the Ice Skating Institute . Also in 2015, the World Figure Sport Society (WFSS), the organizing committee for the sport, and WFSS' Skating Hall of Fame

684-568: The Lake Placid News reported that the 2015 Championships were organized into two rounds, each occurring a day apart. Each round consisted of four complex figures the skaters had to complete within a time limit ranging from two-and-a-half minutes to four minutes. They were also required to complete six tracings on each foot. Assistant referees were the only ones who observed skaters as they completed their figures and tracings for errors such as falls or foot touch downs. Penalties were recorded before

760-420: The 1999 U.S. Figure Skating Championships . Its governing council, due to dwindling participation in figures since the ISU ended them in international competitions, finally voted to end them, even at the lower levels of its competitions and for their proficiency tests, in the summer of 1997. Canada also voted to end figures for their proficiency tests in 1997. According to Loosemore, the U.S.' decision to replace

836-460: The 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah , the ISU implemented changes to many of its events. The ISU approved the use of video replay, when available, to review referee decisions. The rules for judging figure skating were also overhauled as a direct result of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal . According to Ottavio Cinquanta , former president of the ISU, "'Something

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912-474: The International Skating Union (ISU) removed compulsory figures from international single skating competitions, and beginning in 2015, when the first competition focusing entirely on figures took place. Compulsory figures, which is defined as the "circular patterns which skaters trace on the ice to demonstrate skill in placing clean turns evenly on round circles", dominated figure skating for

988-499: The International Skating Union (ISU) voted to discontinue them as a part of competitions in 1990. Learning and training in compulsory figures instilled discipline and control; some in the figure skating community considered them necessary to teach skaters basic skills. Skaters would train for hours to learn and execute them well, and competing and judging figures would often take up to eight hours during competitions. Compulsory figures began to be progressively devalued in 1967 when

1064-582: The Olympic Winter Games and the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating are not ISU Championships. However, they do count towards Personal Best scores . Dates and locations of first world championships in various disciplines held under the auspices of the ISU: Source: Medals awarded to the skaters who achieved the highest overall placements in each discipline. The short program , along with

1140-416: The World Figure Sport Society (WFSS) and organized its figures championships, was credited with revitalizing figures. By 2020, the championship and the revitalization of figures was supported by many skaters, including U.S. Olympian Debi Thomas , who competed at the 2023 Championships. Compulsory figures (or school figures) were formerly a segment of figure skating , and gave the sport its name. They are

1216-440: The free skating program , is a segment of single skating , pair skating , and synchronized skating in international competitions and events for both junior and senior-level skaters. It has been previously called the "original" or "technical" program. The short program was added to single skating in 1973, which created a three-part competition until compulsory figures were eliminated in 1990. The short program for pair skating

1292-400: The "circular patterns which skaters trace on the ice to demonstrate skill in placing clean turns evenly on round circles". For approximately the first 50 years of figure skating as a sport, until 1947, compulsory figures made up 60 percent of the total score at most competitions around the world. These figures continued to dominate the sport, although they steadily declined in importance, until

1368-415: The 1990–1991 season. Louise Radnofsky of The Wall Street Journal called the decision "a crowd-pleasing change". Of 31 voting national associations, only the U.S., Canada, Britain, and New Zealand voted against the decision. The last two seasons that compulsory figures were competed at an international competition were in 1989 and 1990; only two figures were skated and they were worth only 20 percent of

1444-594: The Director General and the ISU Secretariat. The Director General is responsible for the daily management of all business and financially related activities of the ISU and the operation of the Secretariat. As of the summer of 2008, the ISU consisted of 63 member nations, with a governing council of 11. To add any proposal to the agenda of meetings, it must have support from four-fifths of the members. Proposals on

1520-538: The Figure Skating Branch and a vice president, and five members for the Speed Skating Branch. In 1967, Jacques Favart, who was the ISU's vice president for figure skating, replaced Ernst Labin as ISU president due to Labin's death six weeks after taking office; Favart served for the next 13 years. Also in 1967, Sonia Bianchetti of Italy became the first woman council member. The council is assisted by

1596-521: The ISU Anti-Doping Rules, and ISU Anti-Doping Procedures contain further guidelines. Additional provisions and updates can also be found in ad-hoc published ISU Communications. The members of the ISU are the individual national associations whose task is to administer figure and speed skating on ice at the national level. Members are typically composed of skating clubs and athletes are individual members of those clubs. As of 20 February 2020,

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1672-590: The ISU policy and the approved budget. The main functions of the ISU Technical Committees include the preparation, monitoring and maintenance of the Technical Rules. The following Technical Committees are established: Single and Pair Skating, Ice Dance, Synchronized Skating, Speed Skating and Short Track Speed Skating. ISU's role as an international sports federation involves setting the rules to ensure proper governance of sport, notably in terms of

1748-461: The ISU's inception in 1892, 58 ordinary meetings in total have been organized. The ISU Council constitutes the highest ISU body between two Congresses. It is the executive body of the ISU and is responsible for determining the policies of the ISU and deciding upon the general coordination of the ISU structure and strategy. The Council consists of the President, a vice president, and five members for

1824-529: The ISU, and conducted under the ISU Regulations by ISU-approved officials. Under the 2014 Eligibility rules, the person who breached the Eligibility rules could not be reinstated. This resulted in a lifetime ban , since the loss of eligibility is not limited in time. There were attempts of independent organisers to hold alternative speed skating events. Icederby International co., Ltd sought to set up

1900-445: The ISU, between 1976 and 1980, were held under different names but have retrospectively received World Championship status. The discipline was known as "indoor speed skating" at first, until being renamed "short track speed skating" when indoor rinks for the longer speed skating events were introduced. By 1988, 38 nations had joined the ISU. Over the next few years, the organization abandoned one of its long-held practices, eliminating

1976-645: The ISU, leaving the United States as the only major competitor to not be a member. This changed in 1923, when the United States Figure Skating Association joined the ISU and in 1926, the Japanese sport governing body followed to acquire ISU membership. The first ISU competitions to emerge were the World and European Speed Skating and Figure Skating Championships. Both disciplines were included in

2052-663: The Icederby event would be subject to the lifetime ban established by the Eligibility rules. In consequence, Icederby decided not to organise the Dubai Icederby Grand Prix 2014 due to its difficulty to secure the participation of speed skaters. Two professional speed skaters, Mark Tuitert and Niels Kerstholt , lodged a complaint and on 5 October 2015, the European Commission initiated formal antitrust proceedings into alleged anti-competitive restrictions imposed by

2128-538: The International Skating Union counts 98 members. The highest-ranking body of the ISU is the ISU Congress which consists of the ISU Members. The Congress meets once every two years for an ordinary meeting. Ordinary resolutions are passed by a simple majority of votes of the ISU Members represented and voting at a Congress. Proposals require a two-thirds majority of ISU Members in favor in order to be accepted. Since

2204-500: The Olympic Games and in 1962, the IOC issued the Eligibility rules which specified that persons receiving remuneration and other material advantages for participation in sport were not eligible to compete in the Olympic Games. However, the concept of amateur sport developed over time, moving by the end of the 1980s towards professionalisation. Respecting the Olympic principles, the ISU rules made

2280-500: The Olympic Movement. In the meantime, ISU Communication 2469 remains in force". On 28 July the IOC responded to questions about its position. List of 80 Countries (101 Association, Some nations have 2 or 3 organ member) in 5 Zones (Updated at 21 July 2024): In addition to sanctioning other international competitions, the ISU designates the following competitions each year as "ISU Championships": The events such as

2356-418: The U.S., two-time world champion Tim Wood from the U.S., two-time world medalist Julie Lynn Holmes from the U.S., 1962 world champion Donald Jackson from Canada, 1969 Canadian national champion Linda Carbonetto Villella , three-time American pair skating champion JoJo Starbuck , 1963 American champion Tommy Litz , and U.S. Junior national medalist and coach Slavka Kohout Button . Christie Sausa of

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2432-820: The World Figure and Fancy Skating Championships (WFFSC), after the book written by George A. Meager, a professional figure skating champion, in 1895. In 2020, the Lake Placid News reported that figures was the least affected by the COVID-19 pandemic because the WFSS conducted online seminars taught by 1994 Olympian and figures expert, Karen Courtland Kelly , who was the first female Olympian to teach figures and fancy skating, and World Fancy Skating champion Sarah Jo Damron-Brown. Kelly, who founded WFSS and organized its figures championships, has been credited with revitalizing figures. Kelly, who compared to revitalizing figures to preserving

2508-463: The agenda are approved with a two-thirds majority vote. Following the ISU Congress 2018, the organizational chart of the ISU includes alongside the ISU Congress and ISU Council, assisted by the ISU Secretariat, the following bodies: The ISU Disciplinary Commission (DC) constitutes a judicial body of the ISU. It is an independent body elected by the ISU Congress. The ISU Athletes Commission

2584-533: The apparent demise of compulsory figures from figure skating, coaches continued to teach figures and skaters continued to practice them because figures gave skaters an advantage in developing alignment, core strength, body control, and discipline. Proponents stated that figures taught basic skating skills, insisting that if skaters did not become proficient in figures, they would not be able to perform well-done free skating programs. American champion and figure skating writer John Misha Petkevich disagrees, stating that

2660-417: The art of skating from experts. According to the WFSS, the festival was open for all ages and skating levels; coaches from all disciplines conducted workshops for participants, both on and off the ice. In 2023, the festival was free of charge, open to the public, and included art and historical exhibits, performances, and workshops and tutoring sessions for all ages, skating levels, and disabilities. Kelly, who

2736-522: The competitors' overall scores. Željka Čižmešija from Yugoslavia skated the last compulsory figure in international competition, at the World Championships in Halifax, Nova Scotia , on 7 March 1990. The U.S. created a separate track for figures instead of immediately eliminating them as most other countries did and was the last skating federation to include figures at its national championships, at

2812-482: The compulsory figures segments of competitions, so they did not understand why the results contradicted what they saw in free skating segments. Sports writer Sandra Loosemore agreed, stating that television was "the driving force" for the rule changes regarding figures in 1968 and the years following. Figures were not televised because they were not exciting enough, so viewers "found it incomprehensible that competitions could be won by skaters who had built up huge leads in

2888-410: The decrease in the importance of figures to a "lack of public accountability" from the judges of international competitions and other discrepancies in judging, which Loosemore called "dirty judging". She speculated that television coverage of the sport, which brought more attention to how it was judged, was also responsible and "since figures competitions weren't televised, fans could not be certain that

2964-407: The elimination of figures would result in younger girls dominating the sport, a statement Hines called "prophetic". According to Loosemore, after figures were no longer required, most skaters stopped doing them, resulting in rinks cutting back on the amount of time they offered to skaters who wanted to continue to practice them and a reduction in the number of judges capable of scoring them. Despite

3040-565: The end of 2020, the Swedish Cross-cut figure was skated for the first time in 100 years at one of WFS' workshops and was confirmed by Paul Wylie , the 1992 U.S. Olympic silver medalist and a director of the Olympic Regional Development Authority . The Lake Placid News also reported that younger skaters were inspired to learn and skate figures, who used them to recover from and prevent injuries, train off-ice during

3116-406: The figures portion of the event but gave mediocre performances in the part of the competition shown on TV". In 1973, the ISU lowered the value of compulsory figures from 50% to 40% and decreased the number of figures skaters were required to perform. In 1977, the number of types of figures skaters could choose to perform decreased even more, down to six figures per competition. Loosemore attributed

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3192-485: The first 50 years of the sport, although they progressively declined in importance. Skaters would train for hours to learn and execute them well, and competing and judging figures would often take up to eight hours during competitions. Judging scandals and the broadcasts of figure skating on television have been cited as the reason for the decline of figures. The U.S. was the last country to include figures in their competitions, until 1999. The elimination of figures resulted in

3268-563: The first World Figure Championship (renamed to the World Figure and Fancy Skating Championships in 2017) occurred in Lake Placid, New York . By 2023, nine championships had taken place. Judging was done blind, after the skaters left the ice and without the judges knowing which competitor completed which figure. The championships were postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , although workshops and seminars were conducted online. Karen Courtland Kelly , 1994 Olympian and figures expert, who founded

3344-411: The health and safety of the athletes and the integrity of competitions. Similar to many international sports federations , ISU adopted eligibility rules. Under the ISU eligibility rules, skaters participating in competitions that are not approved by the ISU face severe penalties up to a lifetime ban from all major international skating events. Historically, only amateurs were allowed to qualify for

3420-428: The ice. According to U.S. Figure Skating, black ice allows spectators and judges to better analyze the figures skaters made. Richard Swenning came in first place, American Shepherd Clark came in second place, and Stephen Thompson came in third place, in the men's competition. Thompson came from Belgium to watch the championships and decided to compete the day before the event because he was eligible to participate. After

3496-443: The increase of focus on the free skating segment and in the domination of younger girls in the sport. Most skaters stopped training with figures, although many coaches continued to teach figures and skaters continued to practice them because figures taught basic skating skills and gave skaters an advantage in developing alignment, core strength, body control, and discipline. A revival of compulsory figures began in 2015, however, when

3572-489: The individual national associations administer these sports at the national level, all international matters are under the sole jurisdiction and control of the ISU. The ISU has been headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland , since 1947. Also in 1947, English was adopted as the ISU's official language. There was an attempt to set up an alternative association to replace the ISU for governing and promoting figure skating throughout

3648-475: The judges were on the level". Loosemore also speculated that "the relative scarcity of rinks and practice ice for figures in Europe as compared to North America" ultimately made the difference in the removal of figures from competitions. Kestnbaum agreed, stating that the elimination of figures was motivated by finances, countries with an affluent middle class or government-supported training for athletes having more of

3724-490: The judging, which was done blind, after the skaters left the ice and without the judges knowing which competitor executed which figure. The audience was required to remain silent; as Sausa stated, "the repetition of the moves coupled with the peaceful environment made the figures relaxing to watch, yet somehow thrilling at the same time". The competitors skated on black ice, the original color of outdoor ice rinks, before skating moved indoors and surfaces were painted white beneath

3800-492: The jurisdiction of Switzerland. Articles of Association define ISU's purpose as The objectives of the ISU are regulating, governing and promoting the sports of Figure and Speed Skating and their organized development on the basis of friendship and mutual understanding between sportsmen.The ISU shall work for broadening interest in Figure and Speed Skating sports by increasing their popularity, improving their quality and increasing

3876-655: The last to include figures, called them "the ultimate competitive exercise" and expressed doubt that they would be televised again, but admitted that if they were, it would be for a niche audience, like for curling . Olympian Debi Thomas , however, stated in 2024 that improvements in technology provided ways to present figures in more accessible ways. In 2015, the first World Figure Championships occurred in Lake Placid, New York , with 14 women and five men competing. They were judged by Olympic medalists and other Olympic skaters, including 1972 Olympic champion Trixi Schuba from Austria, 1972 Olympic bronze medalist Janet Lynn from

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3952-417: The late 1960s and early 1970s based upon the strength of her figures, despite her lower results in free skating. As Hines states, "she could not be defeated under a scoring system that gave preference to figures". Hines also credited television coverage of figure skating, which helped to increase the popularity of the sport, with the eventual demise of compulsory figures. Television audiences were not exposed to

4028-744: The national association representatives from the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany/Austria, and two clubs from Stockholm (Sweden) and Budapest (Hungary). The ISU was the first international winter sports federation to govern speed skating and figure skating, as it laid down the rules for speed skating, shortly followed by figure skating. In 1895, the organization streamlined its mission to deal only with amateur competitors , not professionals , and hosted its first amateur skating championship in February 1896 in St. Petersburg, Russia . The United States and Canada formed

4104-631: The number of participants throughout the world. The ISU shall ensure that the interests of all ISU Members are observed and respected. The ISU Statutes consist of the ISU Constitution including its Procedural Provisions, and ISU General Regulations setting out framework principles. More detailed provisions are contained in Special Regulations and Technical Rules for Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance, Synchronized Skating Speed Skating, and Short Track Speed Skating. The ISU Code of Ethics,

4180-537: The official program of the first Winter Olympic Games in Chamonix in 1924. The discipline of ice dancing was introduced at the Innsbruck Games in 1976 . After 1945, the ISU slowly continued to grow with accession of members from other countries in Europe, Oceania, and (Southern) Africa. The ISU celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1967, when they published 75 Years of European and World Championships . The organization

4256-511: The oldest international sport federations. The ISU was formed to establish standardized international rules and regulations for the skating disciplines it governs, and to organize international competitions in these disciplines. It is now based in Switzerland . The International Skating Union (ISU) was founded in 1892 in the Dutch seaside town of Scheveningen . The meeting was attended by 15 men, as

4332-525: The organization. In 2019, skating federations from Chile, Peru, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam acquired membership of the ISU. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the ISU issued Communication No. 2469, banning all Russian and Belarusian athletes from events until further notice. On 28 March 2023 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) issued a statement recommending that Russian and Belarusian athletes be allowed to compete under

4408-615: The pandemic, and improve their skating skills. In 2023, the ninth fancy skating championships were held in Lake Placid; skaters from over 20 countries competed. U.S. Olympian Debi Thomas , who said that it was "not like riding a bike at all", competed, marking the first time in 35 years that she had skated figures and 12 years she had done any skating. Clark, who had competed in all nine competitions held and who had won six world championships in fancy skating by 2023, encouraged Thomas to return to skating figures in order to bring more attention to

4484-471: The remaining figure proficiency test requirements for competition eligibility in the mid-1990s with moves in the field to test skating proficiency "killed figures as a separate competition discipline". Sports writer Randy Harvey of the Los Angeles Times predicted that the free skate would become the focus in international competitions. Hines, quoting Italian coach Carlo Fassi , predicted in 2006 that

4560-491: The skaters who achieved the highest short program or rhythm dance placements in each discipline. Stage 2 = Small medals awarded to the skaters who achieved the highest free skating or free dance placements in each discipline. Small Medals awarded only at ISU Championships: Small Medals not awarded in: The ISU has an agreement with the Federation of International Bandy to use the same arenas. The cooperation between

4636-474: The skills needed for proficiency in figures were different than what was needed for free skating, and that the turns and edges learned in figures could be learned in free skating as easily and efficiently. Louise Radnofsky of the Wall Street Journal , who considered the removal of figures "obvious", also called the movement to revive them "surprising". Brian Boitano , who competed at the 1988 Olympics,

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4712-558: The sport and to prevent its extinction. Thomas finished in second place among eight women competing. International Skating Union The International Skating Union ( ISU ) is the international governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating , synchronized skating , speed skating , and short track speed skating . It was founded in Scheveningen , Netherlands , in July 1892, making it one of

4788-472: The sport of figure skating, with competitions including "a selection of ten or twelve numbers from the ISU programme, ... five minutes' free skating to music, ... [and] special figures" on one foot. According to figure skating historian James R. Hines, the ISU was formed due to the necessity of establishing a schedule of compulsory figures and to adopt the international style of figure skating used outside of North America and Great Britain. In 1911, Canada joined

4864-528: The two federations is increasing, since both have an interest in more indoor venues with large ice surfaces being built. The ISU is an international sport federation recognised by the International Olympic Committee as the body globally administering figure skating and speed skating sports with the following disciplines: Speed skating , Single & Pair skating , Ice dance , Short track speed skating , and Synchronized skating . Whereas

4940-585: The use of mandatory figures in the singles' figure skating competitions and reducing their use in ice dancing. During the 1970s and 1980s, several Asian countries joined the ISU, followed in the early 1990s by many new countries emerging from the breakup of the USSR , Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia . In 1994, synchronized skating was formally recognized as a separate discipline, and the first ISU World Championships were held in 2000 in Minneapolis, Minnesota . After

5016-532: The values of both compulsory figures and free skating were changed to 50 percent. In 1973, the number of figures was decreased from six to three, and their overall weight was decreased to 30 percent, to make room for the introduction of the short program . Hines states that the decrease in the importance of compulsory figures was due to "the unbalanced skating" of women skaters such as Beatrix "Trixi" Schuba of Austria, whom Hines called "the last great practitioner of compulsory figures". Schuba won several medals in

5092-509: The world. In March 2003, a group of several former figure skating champions (who at the time were still practicing as coaches, judges, referees) announced the creation of a new international governing body for figure skating, the World Skating Federation ("WSF") . This attempt ultimately failed. ISU is organized as an association pursuant to Swiss laws (art. 60 of Swiss Civil Code ). It has its own legal identity and falls under

5168-482: Was 50 points; Marc Fenczak came in second place with 96 points and Matthew Snyder came in third place with 159 points. Zarisky joked later on that figures was "the safest sport in terms of social distancing because we are separated by our quadrants". By 2020, the event had gotten support from skaters like Dick Button, Janet Lynn, Dorothy Hamill, and Trixi Schuba, and the WFS began hosting workshops for skaters and coaches. At

5244-652: Was formed; Dick Button attended the Hall of Fame induction ceremony and also commentated for the competition's live stream. In 2016, the Championships were held in Toronto, Ontario , and were held in Vail, Colorado , in 2017, 2018, and 2019. In 2020, the event was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was held in Plattsburgh, New York in 2021. In 2017, the championships were renamed

5320-456: Was introduced at the 1963 European Championships , the 1964 World Championships , and the Olympics in 1968 ; previously, pair skaters only had to perform the free skating program in competitions. Synchronized skating has always had two competition segments, the short program and free skating. Small Medals awarded only at ISU Championships since probably 2009: Stage 1 = Small medals awarded to

5396-540: Was introduced on the 56th ISU Ordinary Congress 2016 in Dubrovnik and represents Skaters’ positions within the ISU by providing advice to the ISU Council, Technical Committees, Sports Directors, Director General and other internal bodies. The ISU Medical Commission coordinates compliance with anti-doping regulations . The ISU Development Commission implements the ISU Development Program in accordance with

5472-467: Was not prohibited. In January 2012, the ISU updated its Code of Ethics to rule out the participation in all forms of betting. Two years later, Icederby notified the ISU that no betting would be organised in connection with the planned Dubai Icederby Grand Prix as betting is illegal in Dubai . Nonetheless, the ISU did not authorise the Dubai Icederby Grand Prix 2014 and announced that all skaters who take part in

5548-431: Was the first female Olympian to teach figures and fancy skating and who conducted online workshops about figures, organized and commentated live-streamed broadcasts of the world championships. As of 2019, Kelly was the president of WFSS. By 2023, nine WFFSC on black ice had been held. Demise and revival of compulsory figures The demise and revival of compulsory figures occurred, respectively, in 1990, when

5624-422: Was unable to celebrate its 25th and 50th anniversaries in 1917 and 1942 due to the two world wars. In 1991, the ISU celebrated its 100th anniversary. In 1967, the ISU adopted short track speed skating . The first official ISU World Championships in speed skating took place in 1981. Short track speed skating became part of the official Olympic program in 1992. The earliest speed skating competitions hosted by

5700-599: Was written in 1895 by George A. Meagher, (The Champion Figure Skater of the World starting in 1891). [1] In 2015, Olympic champion and commentator Dick Button attended and he was the first inducted into World Figure Sport's Skating Hall of Fame and also commentated for the World Figure Championship's live stream. Simultaneously WFSS hosted the Figure Festival (on the same world championship's black ice), an event that allowed skaters to practice figures and learn

5776-543: Was wrong there,' ... 'Not just the individual but also the system. It existed for 70 years. Now we are trying to replace one system with another.'" A new judging system for figure skating took effect in 2005, replacing the 6.0 system of "perfect" scores and instead giving points for various technical elements. Since the 2000s, the ISU has experienced a new wave of expansion, with several countries in Asia and Latin America joining

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