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95-468: Édouard Beaupré was born in the southern Saskatchewan town of Willow Bunch on January 9, 1881. He was the first of 20 children born to Gaspard Beaupré and Florestine Piché, a Métis . When he started school at seven, he was of average height, but at nine he was already 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in), and at 12 he was over 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) tall. He stopped going to school at this time. He spoke French, English, Métchif , Cree and Sioux. He

190-708: A holding company that was, until April 1, 2014, jointly owned by the Inuvialuit of the Northwest Territories and the Inuit of Nunavut. In the second half of 2018 travellers visited Nunavut 134,000 times and spent $ 436 million. Two-thirds of those visits were by Nunavummiut (residents of Nunavut) travelling within the territory. The remaining came from outside other provinces or territories in Canada, or from abroad and spent $ 219 million. Travellers from Ontario make up

285-613: A subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc ) with a shorter summer season. Summers can get very hot, sometimes above 38 °C (100 °F) during the day, and with humidity decreasing from northeast to southwest. Warm southern winds blow from the plains and intermontane regions of the Western United States during much of July and August, very cool or hot but changeable air masses often occur during spring and in September. Winters are usually bitterly cold, with frequent Arctic air descending from

380-684: A "collection assembles the first animated films to be made by Inuit artists at the NFB. Featured is work by Solomonie Pootoogook, Timmun Alariaq, Mathew Joanasie, and Itee Pootoogook Pilaloosie—all participants in the Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset) Film Animation Workshop on Baffin Island." In November 2006, the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation announced

475-961: A European-Canadian style of prosperous agrarian society . The long-term prosperity of the province depended on the world price of grain, which headed steadily upward from the 1880s to 1920, then plunged down. Wheat output was increased by new strains, such as the " Marquis wheat " strain which matured 8 days sooner and yielded 7 more bushels per acre (0.72 m /ha) than the previous standard, " Red Fife ". The national output of wheat soared from 8 million imperial bushels (290,000 m ) in 1896, to 26 × 10 ^  imp bu (950,000 m ) in 1901, reaching 151 × 10 ^  imp bu (5,500,000 m ) by 1921. Urban reform movements in Regina were based on support from business and professional groups. City planning, reform of local government, and municipal ownership of utilities were more widely supported by these two groups, often through such organizations as

570-704: A conditional agreement seven months later. The land claims agreement was completed in September 1992 and ratified by nearly 85% of the voters in Nunavut in a referendum . On July 9, 1993, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act and the Nunavut Act were passed by the Canadian Parliament . The transition to establish Nunavut Territory was completed on April 1, 1999. In 2020, Nunavut imposed strict travel regulations in order to prevent an outbreak of

665-506: A contract on July 1, 1904, with the Barnum and Bailey circus to appear at the St. Louis World's Fair in St. Louis , Missouri . However, just two days later on July 3, 1904, he died at age 23 of a pulmonary hemorrhage, a complication of tuberculosis . At the time of his death, he was 2.49 m (8 ft 2 in) tall and weighed 170 kilograms (370 lb), as indicated on his death certificate. At

760-499: A population density of 0.022/km (0.056/sq mi). Nunavut is also home to the world's northernmost continuously inhabited place, Alert . Eureka , a weather station on Ellesmere Island, has the lowest average annual temperature of any Canadian weather station. The region which is now mainland Nunavut was first populated approximately 4,500 years ago by the Pre-Dorset , a diverse Paleo-Eskimo culture that migrated eastward from

855-477: A population of 36,858 from the 2021 Census . In 2021, 30,865 people identified as Inuit (84.3% of the total population), 180 as First Nations (0.5%), 120 as Métis (0.3%), 230 with multiple or other Indigenous responses (0.6%), and 5,210 as non-Indigenous (14.2%). The population growth rate of Nunavut has been well above the Canadian average for several decades, mostly due to birth rates significantly higher than

950-697: A time in California. While in Montreal, on March 25, 1901, Beaupré wrestled Louis Cyr , a famous French Canadian strongman . The match was very short, with Cyr winning. Around 21-years-old, he stood 2.41 m (7 ft 11 in) and weighed 166 kilograms (366 lb). His neck measured 21 inches in circumference and his hands were 12 and a half inches from the wrist to finger tips. His chest measured 56 inches while his shoes had to be custom made for his size 22 feet. In December 1903, he measured 2.50 m (8 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) Beaupré signed

1045-513: A warm summer, corresponding to its humid continental climate ( Köppen type Dfb ) in the central and most of the eastern parts of the province, as well as the Cypress Hills ; drying off to a semi-arid steppe climate (Köppen type BSk ) in the southwestern part of the province. Drought can affect agricultural areas during long periods with little or no precipitation at all. The northern parts of Saskatchewan – from about La Ronge northward – have

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1140-449: Is a major employer in the province with almost 2,500 permanent full-time staff in 71 communities. Publicly funded elementary and secondary schools in the province are administered by twenty-seven school divisions . Public elementary and secondary schools either operate as secular or as a separate schools . Nearly all school divisions, except one operate as an English first language school board. The Division scolaire francophone No. 310

1235-569: Is an open pit gold mine with an estimated mine life 2010–2020 and employs 680 people. The second mine in production is the Mary River Iron Ore mine operated by Baffinland Iron Mines. It is located close to Pond Inlet on North Baffin Island. They produce a high grade direct ship iron ore. The most recent mine to open is Doris North or the Hope Bay Mine operated near Hope Bay Aerodrome by TMAC Resource Ltd. This new high grade gold mine

1330-664: Is based in Nunavut. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) serves Nunavut through a radio and television production centre in Iqaluit, and a bureau in Rankin Inlet. Iqaluit is served by private commercial radio stations CKIQ-FM and CKGC-FM , both owned by Northern Lights Entertainment Inc. (CKIQ-FM had a rebroadcaster in Rankin Inlet that was discontinued in 2009.) Nunavut is served by two regional weekly newspapers, Nunatsiaq News published by Nortext, and Nunavut News/North , published by Northern News Services , who also publish

1425-551: Is bordered on the west by Alberta , on the north by the Northwest Territories , on the east by Manitoba , to the northeast by Nunavut , and to the south by the United States ( Montana and North Dakota ). Saskatchewan and Alberta are the only landlocked provinces of Canada. In 2024, Saskatchewan's population was estimated at 1,239,865. Nearly 10% of Saskatchewan's total area of 651,900 km (251,700 sq mi)

1520-439: Is fresh water, mostly rivers, reservoirs, and lakes . Residents live primarily in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Roughly half live in the province's largest city, Saskatoon , or the provincial capital, Regina . Other notable cities include Prince Albert , Moose Jaw , Yorkton , Swift Current , North Battleford , Estevan , Weyburn , Melfort , and

1615-642: Is in the Cypress Hills less than 2 km (1.2 mi) from the provincial boundary with Alberta. The lowest point is the shore of Lake Athabasca , at 213 m (699 ft). The province has 14 major drainage basins made up of various rivers and watersheds draining into the Arctic Ocean , Hudson Bay and the Gulf of Mexico . Saskatchewan receives more hours of sunshine than any other Canadian province. The province lies far from any significant body of water. This fact, combined with its northerly latitude, gives it

1710-474: Is the first in a series of potential mines in gold occurrences all along the Hope Bay greenstone belt . Nunavut's people rely primarily on diesel fuel to run generators and heat homes, with fossil fuel shipments from southern Canada by plane or boat because there are few to no roads or rail links to the region. There is a government effort to use more renewable energy sources, which is generally supported by

1805-400: Is the least densely populated major country sub-division in the world (not considering Antarctica), being even less densely populated than Denmark's Greenland . With a population of 36,858 as of the 2021 Canadian census (up from 35,944 in 2016) consisting mostly of Inuit, and a land mass almost as large as Mexico , Nunavut's land area of 1,836,993.78 km (709,267.26 sq mi) has

1900-476: Is the only province without a natural border . As its borders follow geographic lines of longitude and latitude , the province is roughly a quadrilateral , or a shape with four sides. However, the southern border on the 49th parallel and the northern border on the 60th parallel curve to the left as one proceeds east, as do all parallels in the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, the eastern boundary of

1995-451: Is the only school division that operates French first language schools. In addition to elementary and secondary schools, the province is also home to several post-secondary institutions. Nunavut Nunavut is the largest, easternmost, and northernmost territory of Canada . It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and

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2090-436: Is the world's largest exporter of mustard seed. Beef cattle production by a Canadian province is only exceeded by Alberta. In the northern part of the province, forestry is also a significant industry. Mining is a major industry in the province, with Saskatchewan being the world's largest exporter of potash and uranium . Oil and natural gas production is also a very important part of Saskatchewan's economy, although

2185-460: The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act , which provided this territory to the Inuit for self-government. The boundaries had been drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's political map in half a century since the province of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) was admitted in 1949. Nunavut comprises a major portion of Northern Canada and most of

2280-462: The 2021 Canadian census , the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (1,094,785 or 99.24%), French (52,065 or 4.72%), Tagalog (36,125 or 3.27%), Cree (24,850 or 2.25%), Hindi (15,745 or 1.43%), Punjabi (13,310 or 1.21%), German (11,815 or 1.07%), Mandarin (11,590 or 1.05%), Spanish (11,185 or 1.01%), and Ukrainian (10,795 or 0.98%). The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. According to

2375-470: The 2021 census , religious groups in Saskatchewan included: Historically, Saskatchewan's economy was primarily associated with agriculture , with wheat being the precious symbol on the province's flag. Increasing diversification has resulted in agriculture, forestry , fishing , and hunting only making up 8.9% of the province's GDP in 2018. Saskatchewan grows a large portion of Canada's grain. In 2017,

2470-537: The Arctic Archipelago . Its vast territory makes it the fifth-largest country subdivision in the world , as well as North America's second-largest (after Greenland ). The capital Iqaluit (formerly Frobisher Bay), on Baffin Island in the east, was chosen by a capital plebiscite in 1995 . Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay . Nunavut includes Ellesmere Island in

2565-666: The Bering Strait region. The Pre-Dorset culture was succeeded by the Dorset culture about 2,800 years ago. Anthropologists and historians believe that the Dorset culture developed from the Pre-Dorset somehow. Helluland , which Norse explorers described visiting in their Sagas of Icelanders , has been associated with Nunavut's Baffin Island . Claims of contact between the Dorset and Norse are controversial. The Thule people , ancestors of

2660-644: The COVID-19 pandemic. The government barred entry to almost all non-residents. On November 6, 2020, Nunavut confirmed its first case in Sanikiluaq , having previously been the only place in North America to have had no cases of COVID-19. Nunavut covers 1,836,993.78 km (709,267.26 sq mi) of land and 160,930 km (62,137 sq mi) of water in Northern Canada. The territory includes part of

2755-541: The Canadian Prairies . In the early 20th century, the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy; North America's first social-democratic government was elected in 1944 . The province's economy is based on agriculture , mining , and energy . Saskatchewan is presently governed by Premier Scott Moe , the leader of the Saskatchewan Party , which has been in power since 2007. In 1992,

2850-855: The First Nations in Saskatchewan and the federal government, in collaboration with provincial governments. In 1876, following their defeat of United States Army forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana Territory in the United States, the Lakota Chief Sitting Bull led several thousand of his people to Wood Mountain . Survivors and descendants founded Wood Mountain Reserve in 1914. The North-West Mounted Police set up several posts and forts across Saskatchewan, including Fort Walsh in

2945-572: The Government of Canada for the relocation of Inuit to the High Arctic . Discussions on dividing the Northwest Territories along ethnic lines began in the 1950s, and legislation to achieve this was introduced in 1963. After its failure, a federal commission recommended against such a measure. During the 1970s, activism increased among the Inuit, First Nations , and Innu peoples for recognition of their forced assimilation . In 1976, as part of

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3040-535: The Inuit language ( Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun ), known as Inuktut , English, and French. In his 2000 commissioned report ( Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper ) to the Nunavut Department of Education, Ian Martin of York University said that a "long-term threat to Inuit languages from English is found everywhere, and current school language policies and practices on language are contributing to that threat" if Nunavut schools follow

3135-575: The North-West Territories to administer the vast territory between British Columbia and Manitoba . The Crown also entered into a series of numbered treaties with the indigenous peoples of the area, which serve as the basis of the relationship between First Nations , as they are called today, and the Crown. Since the late twentieth century, land losses and inequities as a result of those treaties have been subject to negotiation for settlement between

3230-724: The Nunavut Arctic College , as well as several Arctic research stations located within the territory. The new Canadian High Arctic Research Station CHARS is planning for Cambridge Bay and high north Alert Bay Station. Iqaluit hosts the annual Nunavut Mining Symposium every April, a tradeshow that showcases the many economic activities ongoing in Nunavut. Baffinland is the territory's largest private sector employer with more than 2,600 workers and accounted for 23 per cent of Nunavut's economic activity in 2019. There are currently three major mines in operation in Nunavut. Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd – Meadowbank Division. Meadowbank Gold Mine

3325-558: The Sarcee , Niitsitapi , Atsina , Cree , Saulteaux , Assiniboine (Nakoda), and Sioux . The first known European to enter Saskatchewan was Henry Kelsey from England in 1690, who travelled up the Saskatchewan River in hopes of trading fur with the region's indigenous peoples. Fort La Jonquière and Fort de la Corne were first established in 1751 and 1753 by early French explorers and traders. The first permanent European settlement

3420-623: The boreal forest in the north and the prairies in the south. They are separated by an aspen parkland transition zone near the North Saskatchewan River on the western side of the province, and near to south of the Saskatchewan River on the eastern side. Northern Saskatchewan is mostly covered by forest except for the Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes , the largest active sand dunes in the world north of 58°, and adjacent to

3515-1081: The oil industry is larger. Among Canadian provinces, only Alberta exceeds Saskatchewan in overall oil production. Heavy crude is extracted in the Lloydminster-Kerrobert-Kindersley areas. Light crude is found in the Kindersley-Swift Current areas as well as the Weyburn-Estevan fields. Natural gas is found almost entirely in the western part of Saskatchewan, from the Primrose Lake area through Lloydminster, Unity, Kindersley, Leader, and around Maple Creek areas. Major companies based in Saskatchewan include Nutrien , Federated Cooperatives Ltd. and Cameco . Major Saskatchewan-based Crown corporations are Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI), SaskTel , SaskEnergy (the province's main supplier of natural gas), SaskPower , and Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC). Bombardier runs

3610-603: The 1920s; it had close ties with the governing Liberal party. In 1913, the Saskatchewan Stock Growers Association was established with three goals: to watch over legislation; to forward the interests of the stock growers in every honourable and legitimate way; and to suggest to parliament legislation to meet changing conditions and requirements. Immigration peaked in 1910, and in spite of the initial difficulties of frontier life – distance from towns, sod homes, and backbreaking labour – new settlers established

3705-549: The 2011 Census. The percentage of population which is non-religious has grown from 13% in 2011 to 24.9% in 2021 Census. About 1.6% of the population reported another religious affiliation including Aboriginal spirituality, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and others. The economy of Nunavut is driven by the Inuit and Territorial Government, mining, oil, gas, and mineral exploration, arts, crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, transportation, housing development, military, research, and education. Currently, one college operates in Nunavut,

3800-402: The 75th anniversary of its establishment in 1980, with Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon , presiding over the official ceremonies. In 2005, 25 years later, her sister, Queen Elizabeth II , attended the events held to mark Saskatchewan's centennial. Since the late 20th century, First Nations have become more politically active in seeking justice for past inequities, especially related to

3895-516: The Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon. The money from such settlements has enabled First Nations to invest in businesses and other economic infrastructure. In June 2021, a graveyard containing

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3990-524: The Board of Trade. Church-related and other altruistic organizations generally supported social welfare and housing reforms; these groups were generally less successful in getting their own reforms enacted. The province responded to the First World War in 1914 with patriotic enthusiasm and enjoyed the resultant economic boom for farms and cities alike. Emotional and intellectual support for the war emerged from

4085-401: The Canadian average—a trend that continues. Between 2011 and 2016, Nunavut had the highest population growth rate of any Canadian province or territory, at a rate of 12.7%. The second-highest was Alberta, with a growth rate of 11.6%. Between 2016 and 2021, the population growth increased by 2.5% (the third lowest), a decrease of 10.2 percentiles from the previous census. Official languages are

4180-791: The Cypress Hills, and Wood Mountain Post in south-central Saskatchewan near the United States border. Many Métis people, who had not been signatories to a treaty, had moved to the Southbranch Settlement and Prince Albert district north of present-day Saskatoon following the Red River Rebellion in Manitoba in 1870. In the early 1880s, the Canadian government refused to hear the Métis' grievances, which stemmed from land-use issues. Finally, in 1885,

4275-660: The Government of Nunavut and the NFB jointly announced the launch of a DVD and online collection entitled Unikkausivut (Inuktitut: Sharing Our Stories ), which will make over 100 NFB films by and about Inuit available in Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun and other Inuit languages, as well as English and French. The Government of Nunavut is distributing Unikkausivut to every school in the territory. The music of Nunavut includes Inuit throat singing and drum-led dancing, along with country music , bluegrass , fiddling , square dancing and

4370-474: The Hudson's Bay Company, which claimed rights to all watersheds flowing into Hudson Bay , including the Saskatchewan River , Churchill , Assiniboine , Souris , and Qu'Appelle River systems. In the late 1850s and early 1860s, scientific expeditions led by John Palliser and Henry Youle Hind explored the prairie region of the province. In 1870, Canada acquired the Hudson's Bay Company's territories and formed

4465-607: The Klan), enjoyed about two years of prominence. It declined and disappeared, subject to widespread political and media opposition, plus internal scandals involving the use of the organization's funds. In 1970, the first annual Canadian Western Agribition was held in Regina. This farm-industry trade show, with its strong emphasis on livestock, is rated as one of the five top livestock shows in North America, along with those in Houston , Denver , Louisville and Toronto . The province celebrated

4560-608: The Métis, led by Louis Riel , staged the North-West Rebellion and declared a provisional government. They were defeated by a Canadian militia brought to the Canadian prairies by the new Canadian Pacific Railway. Riel, who surrendered and was convicted of treason in a packed Regina courtroom, was hanged on November 16, 1885. Since then, the government has recognized the Métis as an aboriginal people with status rights and provided them with various benefits. The national policy set by

4655-490: The NATO Flying Training Centre at 15 Wing, near Moose Jaw . Bombardier was awarded a long-term contract in the late 1990s for $ 2.8 billion from the federal government for the purchase of military aircraft and the running of the training facility. SaskPower since 1929 has been the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan, serving more than 451,000 customers and managing $ 4.5 billion in assets. SaskPower

4750-494: The Northwest Territories model. He provided a 20-year language plan to create a "fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English" by 2020. The plan provided different models, including: Of the 34,960 responses to the census question concerning "mother tongue" in the 2016 census, the most commonly reported languages in Nunavut were: At the time of the census, only English and French were counted as official languages. Figures shown are for single-language responses and

4845-404: The Northwest Territories on the mainland and a few Arctic islands, and with Manitoba to the south of the Nunavut mainland; it also meets Saskatchewan to the southwest at a quadripoint , and has a short land border with Newfoundland and Labrador on Killiniq Island . The boundary with the Northwest Territories roughly approximates the tree line in Canada. Nunavut shares maritime borders with

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4940-650: The Ottawa, of a Lieutenant Governor and a Council to assist him. Highly optimistic advertising campaigns promoted the benefits of prairie living. Potential immigrants read leaflets that described Canada as a favourable place to live and downplayed the need for agricultural expertise. Ads in The Nor'-West Farmer by the Commissioner of Immigration implied that western land held water, wood, gold, silver, iron, copper, and cheap coal for fuel, all of which were readily at hand. The reality

5035-518: The area is dated to 1576, an account by English explorer Martin Frobisher . While leading an expedition to find the Northwest Passage , Frobisher thought he had discovered gold ore around the body of water now known as Frobisher Bay on the coast of Baffin Island . The ore turned out to be worthless, but Frobisher made the first recorded European contact with the Inuit. Other explorers in search of

5130-407: The basic institutions of plains society, economy and government. Gender roles were sharply defined. Men were primarily responsible for breaking the land; planting and harvesting; building the house; buying, operating and repairing machinery; and handling finances. At first, there were many single men on the prairie, or husbands whose wives were still back east, but they had a hard time. They realized

5225-418: The body in a warehouse. It sat there until 1907, when two kids came across the body as they were playing in the warehouse. The Université de Montréal claimed the body, and, after doing some research and an autopsy, mummified Beaupré's body and placed it in a glass display case in the university. The family only discovered Beaupré's body was in Montreal in 1967, and so in 1975 began the process to try to return

5320-411: The body to Willow Bunch for a proper burial. The university refused and claimed rights over the body, saying that they wanted to continue to perform research and did not want the body displayed anywhere else. In 1989 the family once again tried, this time bringing the media with them as well to put some pressure on the university. This time the effort worked, and so the university decided they could cremate

5415-444: The border city of Lloydminster . English is the primary language of the province, with 82.4% of Saskatchewanians speaking English as their first language . Saskatchewan has been inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous peoples . Europeans first explored the area in 1690 and first settled in the area in 1774. It became a province in 1905, carved out from the vast North-West Territories , which had until then included most of

5510-550: The circus' request, the undertaker embalmed Beaupré's body. However, the circus refused to pay, so they decided to preserve the body which they then put on display in St. Louis. Through an unknown connection, the body made it to the Museum of Eden in Montreal and was put on display there, but the exposition drew such a crowd that the authorities shut it down. The body was then passed on to a Montreal circus, but they quickly went bankrupt and dumped

5605-557: The community. This support comes from Nunavut feeling the effects of global warming . Former Nunavut Premier Eva Aariak said in 2011, " Climate change is very much upon us. It is affecting our hunters, the animals, the thinning of the ice is a big concern, as well as erosion from permafrost melting." The region is warming about twice as fast as the global average, according to the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Northern Transportation Company Limited , owned by Norterra,

5700-417: The distinction of being the only Canadian province for which no borders correspond to physical geographic features (i.e. they are all parallels and meridians). Along with Alberta, Saskatchewan is one of only two land-locked provinces. The overwhelming majority of Saskatchewan's population is in the southern third of the province, south of the 53rd parallel . Saskatchewan contains two major natural regions:

5795-507: The effects can be mitigated through adaptations of cultivars , or crops, is less clear. Resiliency of ecosystems may decline with large changes in temperature. The provincial government has responded to the threat of climate change by introducing a plan to reduce carbon emissions , "The Saskatchewan Energy and Climate Change Plan", in June 2007. Saskatchewan has been populated by various indigenous peoples of North America , including members of

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5890-532: The elusive Northwest Passage followed in the 17th century, including Henry Hudson , William Baffin and Robert Bylot . Cornwallis and Ellesmere Islands featured in the history of the Cold War in the 1950s. Concerned about the area's strategic geopolitical position, the federal government, as part of the High Arctic relocation , relocated Inuit from Nunavik (northern Quebec ) to Resolute and Grise Fiord . In

5985-408: The export market. Population quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 in 1911, thanks to heavy immigration of farmers from Ukraine, U.S., Germany and Scandinavia. Efforts were made to assimilate the newcomers to British Canadian culture and values. In the 1905 provincial elections, Liberals won 16 of 25 seats in Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan government bought out Bell Telephone Company in 1909, with

6080-465: The far north, the eastern and southern portions of Victoria Island in the west, and all islands in Hudson, James and Ungava bays, including the western portion of Killiniq Island in the southeast and Akimiski Island far to the south of the rest of the territory. It is Canada's only geopolitical region that is not connected to the rest of North America via the Pan-American Highway . Nunavut

6175-460: The federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with First Nations in Saskatchewan . The First Nations received compensation which they could use to buy land on the open market for the bands. They have acquired about 3,079 km (761,000 acres; 1,189 sq mi), new reserve lands under this process. Some First Nations have used their settlement to invest in urban areas, including Regina and Saskatoon. The name of

6270-459: The federal government, the Canadian Pacific Railway , the Hudson's Bay Company and associated land companies encouraged immigration. The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 permitted settlers to acquire one-quarter of a square mile of land to homestead and offered an additional quarter upon establishing a homestead. In 1874, the North-West Mounted Police began providing police services. In 1876, the North-West Territories Act provided for appointment, by

6365-511: The flexibility exhibited by farm women in performing productive and nonproductive labour was critical to the survival of family farms, and thus to the success of the wheat economy. On September 1, 1905, Saskatchewan became a province, with inauguration day held on September 4. Its political leaders at the time proclaimed its destiny was to become Canada's most powerful province. Saskatchewan embarked on an ambitious province-building program based on its Anglo-Canadian culture and wheat production for

6460-419: The government owning the long-distance lines and left local service to small companies organized at the municipal level. Premier Walter Scott preferred government assistance to outright ownership because he thought enterprises worked better if citizens had a stake in running them; he set up the Saskatchewan Cooperative Elevator Company in 1911. Despite pressure from farm groups for direct government involvement in

6555-405: The grain handling business, the Scott government opted to loan money to a farmer-owned elevator company. Saskatchewan in 1909 provided bond guarantees to railway companies for the construction of branch lines, alleviating the concerns of farmers who had trouble getting their wheat to market by waggon. The Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association , was the dominant political force in the province until

6650-416: The land claims negotiations between the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (then called the "Inuit Tapirisat of Canada") and the federal government, the parties discussed division of the Northwest Territories to provide a separate territory for the Inuit. On April 14, 1982, a plebiscite on division was held throughout the Northwest Territories. A majority of the residents voted in favour and the federal government gave

6745-408: The largest portion of visitors from outside the territory. The majority of visitors from outside of Nunavut are business travellers; in the second half of 2018 only 14% of visitors were in the territory for leisure. Tourism recreation in Nunavut include activities like dog sledding, snowmobiling, cultural festivals, hiking, arctic wildlife safaris and sea kayaking. The Inuit Broadcasting Corporation

6840-596: The mainland, most of the Arctic Archipelago, and all of the islands in Hudson Bay , James Bay , and Ungava Bay , including the Belcher Islands , all of which were part of the Northwest Territories from which Nunavut was separated. This makes it the fifth-largest subnational entity (or administrative division ) in the world. If Nunavut were a country, it would rank 15th in area. Nunavut has long land borders with

6935-459: The modern Inuit , began migrating from Alaska in the 11th century into the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. By 1300, the geographic extent of Thule settlement included most of modern Nunavut. The migration of the Thule people coincides with the decline of the Dorset. Thule people genetically and culturally completely replaced Dorset some time after 1300. The earliest written historical account of

7030-644: The multi-territory regional Kivalliq News . The film production company Isuma is based in Igloolik. Co-founded by Zacharias Kunuk and Norman Cohn in 1990, the company produced the 1999 feature Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner , winner of the Caméra d'Or for Best First Feature Film at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival . It was the first feature film written, directed, and acted entirely in Inuktitut . The National Film Board (NFB) has released Animation from Cape Dorset (1973),

7125-559: The need for a wife. In 1901, there were 19,200 families, but this surged to 150,300 families only 15 years later. Wives played a central role in settlement of the prairie region. Their labour, skills, and ability to adapt to the harsh environment proved decisive in meeting the challenges. They prepared bannock, beans and bacon, mended clothes, raised children, cleaned, tended the garden, helped at harvest time and nursed everyone back to health. While prevailing patriarchal attitudes, legislation, and economic principles obscured women's contributions,

7220-500: The north, and with high temperatures not breaking −17 °C (1 °F) for weeks at a time. Warm chinook winds often blow from the west, bringing periods of mild weather. Annual precipitation averages 30 to 45 centimetres (12 to 18 inches) across the province, with the bulk of rain falling in June, July, and August. Saskatchewan is one of the most tornado -active parts of Canada , averaging roughly 12 to 18 tornadoes per year, some violent. In 2012, 33 tornadoes were reported in

7315-422: The percentage of total single-language responses. In the 2016 census it was reported that 2,045 people (5.8%) living in Nunavut had no knowledge of either official language of Canada (English or French). The 2016 census also reported that of the 30,135 Inuit in Nunavut, 90.7% could speak either Inuktitut or Inuinnaqtun. In the 2021 census, Christianity constituted 73.5% of Nunavut's population, down from 86% in

7410-719: The politics of Canadian national identity, the rural myth, and social gospel progressivism The Church of England was especially supportive. However, there was strong hostility toward German-Canadian farmers. Recent Ukrainian immigrants were enemy aliens because of their citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A small fraction were taken to internment camps. Most of the internees were unskilled unemployed labourers who were imprisoned "because they were destitute, not because they were disloyal". The price of wheat tripled and acreage seeded doubled. The wartime spirit of sacrifice intensified social reform movements that had predated

7505-410: The production of canola surpassed the production of wheat , which is Saskatchewan's most familiar crop and the one most often associated with the province. The total net income from farming was $ 3.3 billion in 2017, which was $ 0.9 billion less than the income in 2016. Other grains such as flax , rye , oats , peas , lentils , canary seed, and barley are also produced in the province. Saskatchewan

7600-579: The province follows range lines and correction lines of the Dominion Land Survey , laid out by surveyors prior to the Dominion Lands Act homestead program (1880–1928). Saskatchewan is part of the western provinces and is bounded on the west by Alberta , on the north by the Northwest Territories , on the north-east by Nunavut , on the east by Manitoba , and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota . Saskatchewan has

7695-532: The province is derived from the Saskatchewan River . The river is known as ᑭᓯᐢᑳᒋᐘᓂ ᓰᐱᐩ kisiskāciwani-sīpiy ("swift flowing river") in the Cree language . Anthony Henday's spelling was Keiskatchewan , with the modern rendering, Saskatchewan , being officially adopted in 1882, when a portion of the present-day province was designated a provisional district of the North-West Territories . Saskatchewan

7790-690: The province was −56.7 °C (−70.1 °F) in Prince Albert , north of Saskatoon, in February 1893. The effects of climate change in Saskatchewan are now being observed in parts of the province. There is evidence of reduction of biomass in Saskatchewan's boreal forests (as with those of other Canadian prairie provinces ) is linked by researchers to drought-related water stress, stemming from global warming , most likely caused by greenhouse gas emissions . While studies as early as 1988 (Williams, et al., 1988) have shown climate change will affect agriculture,

7885-568: The province. The Regina Cyclone took place in June 1912 when 28 people died in an F4 Fujita scale tornado. Severe and non-severe thunderstorm events occur in Saskatchewan, usually from early spring to late summer. Hail, strong winds and isolated tornadoes are a common occurrence. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Saskatchewan was in July 1937 when the temperature rose to 45 °C (113 °F) in Midale and Yellow Grass . The coldest ever recorded in

7980-494: The provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba. With Greenland, a constituent country of the Danish Realm , it shares a primarily maritime international border that includes a short land border on Hans Island . Nunavut's highest point is Barbeau Peak (2,616 m (8,583 ft)) on Ellesmere Island. The population density is 0.022/km (0.056/sq mi), one of the lowest in the world. By comparison, Greenland has approximately

8075-629: The remains of 751 unidentified people was found at the former Marieval Indian Residential School , part of the Canadian Indian residential school system . Languages of Saskatchewan (2016): Indigenous and visible minority identity (2021): According to the 2011 Canadian census , the largest ethnic group in Saskatchewan is German (28.6%), followed by English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French ( Fransaskois ) (12.2%), First Nations (12.1%), Norwegian (6.9%), and Polish (5.8%). As of

8170-567: The remains, to prevent anyone from grave-robbing the body. It took two big urns to contain Beaupré's ashes. Finally, in 1990, the body of le Géant Beaupré or le Géant de Willow-Bunch was taken back to Willow Bunch. The family had a memorial service, and his remains now lie in front of the Willow Bunch Museum . Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a province in Western Canada . It

8265-429: The same area and nearly twice the population. Nunavut experiences a polar climate in most regions, owing to its high latitude and lower continental summertime influence than areas to the west. In more southerly continental areas, very cold subarctic climates can be found, due to July being slightly milder than the required 10 °C (50 °F). Visible minority and indigenous identity (2016): Nunavut has

8360-524: The southern shore of Lake Athabasca . Southern Saskatchewan contains another area with sand dunes known as the "Great Sand Hills" covering over 300 km (120 sq mi). The Cypress Hills , in the southwestern corner of Saskatchewan and Killdeer Badlands ( Grasslands National Park ), are areas of the province that were unglaciated during the last glaciation period, the Wisconsin glaciation . The province's highest point, at 1,392 m (4,567 ft),

8455-616: The start of the Nunavut Animation Lab, offering animation training to Nunavut artists at workshops in Iqaluit, Cape Dorset and Pangnirtung. Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include Alethea Arnaquq-Baril 's 2010 digital animation short Lumaajuuq , winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the Golden Sheaf Awards and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival . In November 2011,

8550-418: The taking of indigenous lands by various governments. The federal and provincial governments have negotiated on numerous land claims, and developed a program of "Treaty Land Entitlement", enabling First Nations to buy land to be taken into reserves with money from settlements of claims. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed an historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under

8645-722: The unfamiliar and hostile conditions, they faced starvation but were forced to stay. Forty years later, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples issued a report titled The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation . The government paid compensation to those affected and their descendants. On August 18, 2010, in Inukjuak, the Honourable John Duncan , PC, MP , previous Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians formally apologized on behalf of

8740-549: The war and now came to fruition. Saskatchewan gave women the right to vote in 1916 and at the end of 1916 passed a referendum to prohibit the sale of alcohol. In the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan , imported from the United States and Ontario, gained brief popularity in nativist circles in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The Klan, briefly allied with the provincial Conservative party because of their mutual dislike for Premier James G. "Jimmy" Gardiner and his Liberals (who ferociously fought

8835-495: Was a Hudson's Bay Company post at Cumberland House , founded in 1774 by Samuel Hearne . The southern part of the province was part of Spanish Louisiana from 1762 until 1802. In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1818, the U.S. ceded the area to Britain. Most of what is now Saskatchewan was part of Rupert's Land and controlled by

8930-568: Was an excellent horseman, but by the age of 17 he had reached the height of 2.21 m (7 ft 3 in) and he abandoned the trade. His father worked as a freighter for the trader Jean-Louis Légaré , who was a cattle and horse rancher and also Beaupré's godfather. For several years he accompanied his father on his trips to Moose Jaw , Regina , and Montana . Abandoning life on the ranch, Beaupré began touring. He displayed his strength by bending iron bars and lifting horses onto his shoulders. He toured from Winnipeg to Montreal and stayed for

9025-414: Was far harsher, especially for the first arrivals who lived in sod houses . However eastern money poured in and by 1913, long term mortgage loans to Saskatchewan farmers had reached $ 65 million. The dominant groups comprised British settlers from eastern Canada and Britain, who comprised about half of the population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They played the leading role in establishing

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