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20-547: Former segments of Highway 156 in eastern Washington County and Prairie Grove were deleted in 1981 and 2007, respectively. ArDOT maintains all three segments of AR 156 as part of the state highway system. ArDOT estimates the traffic level for a segment of roadway was highest near Pump Station Road, estimated at 2,500 vehicles per day in 2019, on average . Other segments were estimated as 1000 VPD near Hogeye and 740 VPD north of Evansville. For reference, roads under 400 VPD are classified as "very low volume local road" by

40-399: A "court of record" (section 15) with "jurisdiction as provided by law" (section 16), which is exclusive over "Class A" and "Class B" misdemeanors (offenses that can involve jail time), concurrent over civil cases concerning small to moderate amounts, and with appellate jurisdiction over justice of the peace and district / municipal court cases (involving a trial de novo if the lower court

60-547: A caseload well beyond the capabilities of a single person, the Texas Legislature has created County Courts-at-law where only qualified lawyers may preside, to which many of the judicial responsibilities of the County Judge have been transferred. Individual counties are free to strip the County Judge of all judicial responsibilities, but this has not occurred in most places; County Judges undertaking judicial activities draw

80-699: A descriptor, sometimes as a title, for a person who presides over a county court . In most cases, such as in Northern Ireland and the Victorian County Courts , a county judge is a judicial officer with civil or criminal jurisdiction. In the United States, however, there are some "County Courts" which exercise primarily administrative functions, in which case the County Judge may exercise largely or solely executive authority and be equivalent to

100-574: A state-by-state basis in response to local needs and so there is little uniformity between states, and even within states at times (differing interactions of rural and urban / municipal jurisdictions with each other and with the state government, for example). Tennessee and Oregon both have County Courts which are executive agencies, and which thus carry responsibility for funding local courts, jails, and Sheriff's departments, maintaining county roads, managing local property developments, and levying county-wide property taxes. In other areas, this body

120-639: A supplemental salary, and in 2011 the Houston Chronicle reported that 85% of counties had judges drawing this stipend. The judicial education officer at the Texas Association of Counties, David Hodges, has noted that the rate of cases being overturned is higher for both the County Courts-at-law and for District Court judges than it is for County Judges. Some County Judges view the County Courts-at-law as supplements to, rather than replacements of,

140-549: Is not a "court of record"). An elected County Judge shall preside over the County Court for a four-year term (section 15) and have "judicial functions as provided by law," who may be replaced in cases of judicial disqualification or recusal (section 16). Juries in criminal trials "shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless

160-542: Is often called a County Commission . In Kentucky , each county has the similarly-titled elected office of County Judge/Executive , who serves as the chief executive officer for the vast majority of counties. In Texas, the County Courts have original jurisdiction established under sections 15 to 17 of Article V of the State Constitution . Each of Texas's 254 counties has a single County Court, which shall be

180-757: The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). No segment of AR 156 is part of the National Highway System (NHS), a network of roads important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. Highway 156 begins at Oklahoma State Highway 100 (SH-100) at the Oklahoma state line 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the Crawford County line in Washington County. The highway runs east to Highway 59 north of

200-678: The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). The highway began at Old Wire Road in eastern Washington County between Fayetteville and Springdale . AR 156 wound south and east through a rural area of the Ozark Mountains to AR 45 , where it terminated. In 1973, the Arkansas General Assembly passed Act 9 of 1973. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to 12 miles (19 km) of county roads as state highways in each county. Highway 156

220-542: The Boston Mountains Scenic Loop . The highway begins at US Highway 71 (US 71, School Avenue) north of Drake Field in southern Fayetteville . Highway 156 runs east as Willoughby Road near the Fayetteville Country Club before turning north and becoming City Lake Road . The highway continues north before a junction with Pump Station Road, where state maintenance ends. From

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240-426: The county executive in other local government areas. County Court systems are common in the United States, often led by a County Judge, but with jurisdiction varying between the states, and in many cases carry a mix of administrative law functions and executive responsibilities for governing the county. In Missouri, for example, the County Court deals largely with property registration and deeds as well as leading

260-545: The County Court's judicial functions and so choose to preside in some criminal matters. Each Texas County is presided over by a Commissioners' Court of four County Commissioners and the County Judge, plus the County Clerk as a non-voting ex officio member. Despite the terms "Court" and "Judge," the County Commissioners' Court has no judicial function, and although the County Judge presides over its meetings,

280-529: The County Judge does not render judicial rulings. The Commissioners Court is just the title given in Texas to the county government, and County Judge the title given to the head of county government. This body is responsible for administration of the county, controlling the county tax rate, the budget for its responsible departments, and exercising oversight over subsidiary boards and commissions. The County Judge presides over meetings but has no veto power, Reviews and

300-674: The act by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on June 28, 1973. Neither has changed alignment since designation. The entire route is in Washington County . Arkansas Highway 156 (1973%E2%80%931981) Highway 156 ( AR 156 , Ark. 156 , Hwy. 156 , and Gulley Road ) is a former state highway in Washington County, Arkansas . Between 1973 and 1981, the highway was maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD), now known as

320-583: The county – in 1922, Harry S. Truman was elected as one of two County Judges for Jackson County, Missouri , becoming the county presiding judge in 1926, his two elected positions prior to entering the United States Senate . In states like New York, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, the County Courts conduct trials on misdemeanor , and even some felony , i. e. criminal matters. The blurring of executive and judicial functions has developed on

340-559: The eastern terminus, the road continues due north under local maintenance to Highway 16 . Highway 156 was first shown on a state highway map published January 1, 1939 between Highway 59 and Oklahoma. This segment has not changed alignment since creation. In 1973, the Arkansas General Assembly passed Act 9 of 1973. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to 12 miles (19 km) of county roads as state highways in each county. Two new segments of Highway 156 were created in Washington County in accordance with

360-532: The party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee" (section 17). Since the jurisdiction of County Courts and the judicial functions of the County Judge are both limited "by law" their extent is defined by legislative actions. County Judges do not require any formal qualifications in the discipline of law. Most are not qualified to practice law – in 2015, 42 of County Judges (17%) had graduated from Law school and only 40 (16%) were licensed to practice law . This can be problematic, but with

380-484: The small unincorporated community of Evansville , where it terminates. Highway 156 begins at Highway 265 (a segment of the Butterfield Overland Mail Heritage Trail ) at Hogeye in southern Washington County. The highway runs east along Hogeye Creek to Highway 170 , where the route terminates. Continuing on Highway 170 east gives access to Interstate 49 (I-49) and

400-465: Was designated along Gulley Road in Washington County in accordance with the act by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on June 28, 1973. It was deleted at the request of the Washington County Judge in exchange for designation of a county road as Highway 74 near Brentwood . The entire route was in Washington County . County Judge The term county judge is applied as

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