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120-515: William Worrall Mayo was born May 31, 1819, in Salford , Lancashire , England , which was then situated in the ecclesiastical parish of Eccles , where he was baptized on October 24, 1819. He studied science in Manchester under John Dalton , the chemist and physicist responsible for formulating the modern atomic theory of matter and devising a table of relative atomic weights . In 1846, Mayo left for

240-547: A ferry service, and serving as a justice of the peace in addition to occasional medical duties. By this time, he had two more daughters in his family, Phoebe and Sarah. After a flood in 1859, the family moved to a home on Main Street in Le Sueur , now known as the Dr. William W. Mayo House . There, he set up his first official medical practice, but the flow of patients was too meager to support

360-597: A royal manor . The Lord of the Manor was either the English monarch , or a feudal land owner who administered the manor for the king. During the reign of Henry II the Royal Manor of Salford passed to Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester . Salford began to emerge as a small town early in the 13th century. In 1228, Henry III granted the caput of Salford the right to hold a market and an annual fair. The fairs were important to

480-517: A body for dissection , Mayo, among other medical men, attended the hanging of 38 Native Americans in December 1862 for their role in the uprising. Many of the trials of Native Americans took less than 10 minutes. The execution of 38 Dakota men remains the "largest mass execution in American history." Mayo led a team of doctors who dug up the executed men and hauled them away for use as medical cadavers . Mayo

600-689: A cap on child benefits, contradicting the party whip . Salford was enfranchised as a parliamentary borough by the Great Reform Act of 1832 , returning a single Member of Parliament (MP). It has been subject to numerous constituency changes throughout history. From 1868 it returned two MPs to the House of Commons until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , when the constituency was split into three single-member divisions: Salford North , Salford South and Salford West . Boundaries changed again under

720-485: A further stimulus for Salford's industrial development. The opening of the Bridgewater Canal in 1761 improved the transport of fuel and raw materials, reducing the price of coal by about 50%. The later Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal (which terminated at Salford) brought more cheap coal from pits at Pendleton, Agecroft Colliery and beyond. By 1818 Manchester, Salford and Eccles had about 80 mills, but it

840-485: A great public park, which belong fully more to Manchester than to itself". Greengate, the original centre of Salford, is located at a fording point on the river opposite Manchester Cathedral . In 1969 Nikolaus Pevsner wrote: That [neighbouring] Stretford and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England. The Irwell, sourced at Cliviger in Lancashire, flows from

960-569: A hub for employment in its factories and docks. In 1848, Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral opened, reflecting the large Irish-born community in Salford at that time. In the decades following the Second World War, Salford experienced significant population decline, as residents followed employment opportunities to other locations in Greater Manchester, taking advantage of a greater choice in

1080-539: A neighbouring constituency of Manchester, city status was granted to the county borough by letters patent dated 21 April 1926. This was in spite of the opposition of civil servants in the Home Office who dismissed the borough as "merely a scratch collection of 240,000 people cut off from Manchester by the river". In 1961, a small part of the Municipal Borough of Eccles was added to the city, and in 1966, Salford

1200-504: A relatively low percentage of residents working in agriculture. The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 4.4% students were with jobs, 9.1% students without jobs, 6.3% looking after home or family, 11.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.8% economically inactive for other reasons. The proportion of students economically active in Salford was higher than the City of Salford and England averages (3.0% and 2.6% respectively);

1320-648: A result they are not of the quality found elsewhere. Other finds include a neolithic axe-hammer found near Mode Wheel, during the excavation of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1890, and a Bronze Age cremation urn during the construction of a road on the Broughton Hall estate in 1873. The Brigantes were the major Celtic tribe in what is now Northern England . With a stronghold at the sandstone outcrop on which Manchester Cathedral now stands, opposite Salford's original centre, their territory extended across

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1440-564: A short time later to bring his family to the Minnesota territory . Mayo then found his way to the present-day area of Duluth where he worked as a census -taker. He brought his family to a village named Cronan's Precinct (near Le Sueur ) along the Minnesota River where he became known as the "Little Doctor" because of his 5-foot-4-inch (1.63 m) stature. Mayo tried his hand at a number of different activities including farming , operating

1560-560: A small textile-chain making business in Ordsall from James Slater and founded the Hans Renold Company , what is now Renold, a firm which still produces chains. Renold invented the bush roller chain shortly after and began producing it. It is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on bicycles, motorbikes, to industrial and agricultural machinery to uses as varied as rollercoasters and escalators . During

1680-454: A solo medical practice in Rochester in 1863. He partnered with W. A. Hyde from February to June 1864 before going back to solo practice. In November 1867, Mayo entered into a partnership with pharmacist O. W. Anderson, which lasted until November 1869 when Mayo left heading for Pennsylvania and New York City to study surgical techniques. Mayo's first foray into politics was in 1872 when he made

1800-401: A speech to expose local corruption, which ended poorly and Mayo left for Saint Paul. In 1874, Mayo returned to Rochester to rebuild his practice and re-entered local politics. Mayo advocated for a municipal water supply and served on the local Health Board. In the 1880s, Mayo was elected to city mayor , alderman , and was later a member of the school board . As mayor, he oversaw the planning of

1920-525: A trading area and a ford over the Minnesota River that had been used by native Americans before the contact period. During the era of steamships, was the farthest up river that larger steam ships could operate. The Two Fingers band of Sioux from St Peter's made news in 1855. In 1857, an attempt was made to move the Territory of Minnesota's capital from St. Paul to St. Peter. Gorman owned the land on which

2040-572: A winter to work as an assistant at the University of Missouri 's medical department. He returned in 1854, but contracted malaria and decided to leave the Lafayette area, saying, "I'm going to keep on driving until I get well or die." Mayo found his way to Minnesota , which he thought would have a more healthful climate and where he did recover from malaria. He settled in Saint Paul , but returned to Indiana

2160-566: Is Kersal Dale country park, which covers about 32 hectares (0.32 km ). Others include Kersal Moor in Higher Kersal, The Meadow, Peel Park and the adjacent David Lewis Recreation Ground close to the University of Salford , and Albert Park and Clowes Park in Broughton. The territory of Salford is contiguous with other towns on all sides, and as defined by the Office for National Statistics forms

2280-408: Is MediaCityUK , located at Salford Quays. The development houses BBC departments including CBBC , BBC Sport and Radio 5 Live which moved in 2011 and BBC Breakfast , which moved from London in spring 2012. In recent years, various large residential schemes have been built in Salford. A notable development, the £700m Middlewood Locks began construction in 2016. Salford was anciently part of

2400-643: Is based in St. Peter. Community health care is provided by St. Peter Community Hospital. In 2009 St. Peter Community Hospital was renamed River's Edge Hospital. That same year the construction of a new clinic was begun adjoining the hospital. There is now the River's Edge Clinic and the St. Peter Community Clinic, part of the Mayo Health System. St. Peter is home to the Minnesota Security Hospital , where those

2520-552: Is called the Battle of Stone Corral in California . St. Peter is known as the home of five governors : The best-known of these, Johnson, was born in St. Peter to Swedish-born parents on July 28, 1861. Because of family circumstances, he offered to help his mother raise the family. He left school at a young age and held a variety of jobs. In 1887, he was hired as editor of the St. Peter Herald ,

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2640-424: Is characterised by an oversupply of older, smaller terraced housing and flatted accommodation that declined in value during the late 20th century. As demand fell, it left many owners in negative equity and often without the means to maintain their homes in reasonable condition. As a result, much of the built environment is poor. Land use in Salford is overwhelmingly urban, with a number of green spaces. The largest

2760-685: Is near the site of the signing. But the treaty's promises were not kept. The Dakota became angered and the Dakota War of 1862 began in Cottonwood County. In August 1862 the Dakota attacked the German settlement of New Ulm . A company of volunteers from St. Peter, headed by Dodd, St. Peter's founder, went to New Ulm's defense. Dodd was killed on August 23, 1862, and briefly buried in New Ulm. On November 11, 1862, Dodd

2880-672: Is now Broadway Avenue. He named the new settlement Rock Bend because of the rock formation at the bend of the Minnesota River . Daniel L. Turpin platted and surveyed the town site in 1854. In 1855, a group of St. Paul businessmen interested in promoting the town formed the Saint Peter Company, and the town was renamed St. Peter. The president of the company was Willis A. Gorman , Territorial Governor of Minnesota. Many of St. Peter's streets were named after streets in New York City, including Park Row, Chatham, Broadway, Nassau, and Union. Dodd

3000-506: Is now called the St. Peter Regional Treatment Center. On July 1, 1892, the Sontag Brothers, John Sontag and George Contant , and their partner, Chris Evans , tried to rob a train between St. Peter and Kasota along the Minnesota River. The bandits acquired nothing of value, but their activities came under the review of Pinkerton detectives , and both were apprehended in June 1893 in what

3120-451: Is represented by the Member of Parilament for the Salford constituency , created in 2023. Salford was named in the early middle ages , though evidence exists of settlement since neolithic times. It was the seat of the large Hundred of Salford in the historic county of Lancashire and was granted a market charter in about 1230, which gave it primary cultural and commercial importance in

3240-643: Is situated opposite the 'Old Church' of Manchester". The effect on Salford of the Industrial Revolution has been described as "phenomenal". The area expanded from a small market town into a major industrial metropolis ; factories replaced cottage industries, and the population rose from 12,000 in 1812 to 70,244 within 30 years. By the end of the 19th century it had increased to 220,000. Large-scale building of low quality Victorian terraced housing did not stop overcrowding, which itself led to chronic social deprivation. The density of housing

3360-580: Is the home of Gustavus Adolphus College , a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and founded in 1862. The public high school is St. Peter High School. There are two parochial schools in St. Peter: John Ireland Catholic School (K-6), which is associated with the Church of St. Peter, and St. Peter Evangelical Lutheran School (K-8), which along with

3480-490: Is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,196 people, 3,491 households, and 2,150 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,002.9/sq mi (773.3/km ). There were 3,697 housing units at an average density of 661.4/sq mi (255.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.1% White , 3.3% African American , 0.6% Native American , 1.6% Asian , 2.3% from other races , and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.4% of

3600-733: The Pax Romana brought peace to the area. Both the main Roman road to the north, from Mamucium to Ribchester , and a second road to the west, ran through what is now Salford, but few Roman artefacts have been found in the area. The withdrawal of the Romans in AD ;410 left the inhabitants at the mercy of the Saxons . The Danes later conquered the area and absorbed what was left of the Brigantes. Angles settled in

3720-512: The 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies . At 53°28′59″N 2°17′35″W  /  53.48306°N 2.29306°W  / 53.48306; -2.29306 (53.483°, −2.2931°), and 205 miles (330 km) northwest of central London , Salford stands about 177 feet (54 m) above sea level, on relatively flat ground to the west of a meander of the River Irwell ;– the city's main topographical feature. In 1904, Salford

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3840-503: The Dakota War of 1862 erupted in southwest Minnesota in late 1862. Organizing a group of people from Le Sueur and St. Peter , Mayo headed out to New Ulm , where some of the worst fighting had occurred. Makeshift hospitals in the city cared for people injured in the conflict, as well as refugees driven from farms in the area. His wife opened her home and a nearby barn to harbor eleven refugee families back in Le Sueur. In hopes of getting

3960-669: The Earls of Derby . During the Civil War of 1640–49, Salford supported the Royalist cause, in contrast to Manchester just across the Irwell which declared in favour of the Parliamentarians . Royalist forces mounted a siege of Manchester across what is now the site of Victoria Bridge, which although short-lived, "did little to improve relations between the two towns". A century later, in 1745, Salford

4080-589: The Glacial River Warren , when it emptied Lake Agassiz . One mile north of where St. Peter was founded, was Traverse des Sioux , a trading site used by native Americans from before contact, that later became a major transhipment point for the fur trade, bringing furs from the Red River Valley and the watershed of Lake Winnipeg into the Mississippi River Valley. Traverse des Sioux had been

4200-479: The Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s, and a significant economic decline in the decades following the Second World War contributed toward a fall in Salford's population. By 1939 local coal mining had almost stopped, and, by 1971, cotton spinning had ceased completely. Between 1921 and 1939, the population of Salford decreased by 29%, from 234,045 to 166,386, far greater than the rate of decline within

4320-557: The Manchester parish of the Salford Hundred , an area much larger than the present-day city of Salford, within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire . A stroke of a Norman baron 's pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, although it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, but Manchester, with its humbler line of lords , that was separated from Salford. Salford received its town charter from Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester , then Lord of

4440-597: The Mississippi River . A bill passed both houses of the Territorial Legislature and was awaiting Gorman's signature. The chairman of the Territorial Council's Enrolled Bills Committee, Joseph J. Rolette of Pembina , took the bill and hid in a St. Paul hotel, drinking and playing cards with some friends as the city police looked fruitlessly for him, until the end of the legislative session, too late for

4560-564: The night-time economy folded amid criminal "intimidation", "drug use, fights and demands for money". In early 2005, the Government of Latvia appealed to the European Union to advise people against travelling to Salford after a Latvian man was stabbed in the head in Lower Broughton . However, a crackdown by Greater Manchester Police coupled with investment in, and structural changes to

4680-588: The pipe roll of 1169 as "Sauford" and in the Lancashire Inquisitions of 1226 as "Sainford". The earliest known evidence of human activity in what is now Salford is provided by the Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings discovered on Kersal Moor and the River Irwell, suggesting that the area was inhabited 7–10,000 years ago. The raw material for such tools was scarce and unsuitable for working, and as

4800-594: The "Mayo Clinic Story" happened on August 21, 1883 , when a tornado devastated Rochester. The most seriously wounded were tended at the German Library in Rommel's Hall with David Berkman as steward. Since many of the patients would need intensive care beyond what was being provided by the patient's relatives and friends, Mayo recruited the local Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota , to be nurses. William J. Mayo had just completed medical school, and Charles H. Mayo

4920-408: The 1960s, although there are regeneration schemes to reverse its fortunes. Many of the high-rise housing blocks from the 1960s and 1970s were demolished during the 1990s, "a sign that the great social engineering schemes (from that period) had failed". However, the high-rises that remain are a striking feature of Salford's landscape. Work was scheduled to begin on the £180 million redevelopment of

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5040-421: The 1980s and 1990s the area experienced high levels of deprivation and unemployment, particularly during the recessions of the early years of both decades. This social deprivation was a major factor in the increased levels of gang crime linked to illegal narcotics, firearms and robberies. This was comparable to the similar issues faced in parts of neighbouring Manchester including Moss Side , as well as areas of

5160-542: The 19th century. Another Grade II* listed building, Salford Cathedral , is a decorated neo-Gothic Roman Catholic church built between 1844 and 1848. Salford (Old) Town Hall, situated in Bexley Square off Chapel Street, is a Neo-classical brick building dressed in stone, designed by Richard Lane . Closer to Manchester, the tower of the Church of the Sacred Trinity dates from 1635, the main building from 1752. It

5280-496: The 20th century. According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of Salford's residents aged 16–74 was 18.0% retail and wholesale, 14.4% property and business services, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.7% health and social work, 8.6% education, 7.3% transport and communications, 6.8% hotels and restaurants, 5.8% construction, 4.4% finance, 4.2% public administration, 0.6% energy and water supply, 0.3% agriculture, 0.1% mining, and 5.7% other. Compared with national figures, Salford had

5400-611: The 26 clauses of the charter stated that no one could work in the Hundred of Salford unless they also lived in the borough. Salford's status as a burgage encouraged an influx of distinguished families, and by the Late Middle Ages Salford was "rich in its manor houses ", with over 30 within a 5-mile (8 km) radius of Ordsall . These included Ordsall Hall (owned by the Radclyffe family) and Broughton Hall , owned by

5520-440: The City of Salford but significantly higher than 28.9% in all of England. 15.9% of Salford's residents aged 16–74 had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, health visitor, etc. compared to 20% nationwide. As a result of 19th-century industrialisation, Salford has had "a special place in

5640-560: The Greengate area of Salford in January 2007. The plans include the construction of what will be the two tallest tower blocks in Salford. Plans also include a five-star hotel, a new public square and park, restaurants, cafes and 403 apartments. Work is ongoing to regenerate the area known as Middlewood Locks, with the restored Salford terminus of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal forming

5760-621: The Indiana Medical College has been reported as February 14, 1850. However, no documentation of his graduation exists and he is not listed in the Indiana Medical School list of graduates for that year. He then attended and graduated from the University of Missouri on February 28, 1854, with a degree in medicine. In 1851, Mayo married Louise Abigail Wright (December 23, 1825 – July 15, 1915), and two years later, they had their first child, Gertrude. Around this time, Mayo left for

5880-523: The Irwell, and in 1806 was the first large cotton mill to use gas lighting. Many engineering companies were established in this area, including Samuel Ellis and Company at the Irwell Foundry. However, it was outnumbered by the numerous smaller factories and mills throughout the area, including Nathan Gough's steam-driven mule spinning mill, near Oldfield Road, where a serious accident occurred on 13 October 1824 (see illustration). Canal building provided

6000-552: The Kings of England, including Edward the Confessor . The area between the rivers Mersey and Ribble was divided into six smaller districts, referred to as "wapentakes", or hundreds . The south east district became known as the Hundred of Salford , a division of land administered from Salford for military and judicial purposes. It contained nine large parishes, smaller parts of two others, and

6120-406: The Manor , in 1230. From then until 1791, when police commissioners were appointed, it was governed by a reeve , a medieval administrator and law enforcement official. It was not recognised as a borough in the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , but was granted borough status in 1844; the new Salford borough was made up of the township of Salford and part of Broughton . The remainder of Broughton,

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6240-460: The UK's imports and 4.4% of its exports. Commodities handled included cotton, grain, wool, textile machinery and steam locomotives. For centuries, textiles and related trades were the main source of employment in the town. Bleaching was a widely distributed finishing trade in Salford, carried over from the earlier woollen industry. In the 18th century, before the introduction of chemical bleaching, bleaching fields were commonplace, some very close to

6360-483: The United States. His first work in his new country was as a pharmacist at Bellevue Hospital in New York City , though he soon moved westward. Mayo spent a brief period of time in Buffalo, New York , before settling in Lafayette, Indiana , where he worked as a tailor (one of the vocations he had while in England). He returned to medicine in 1849, assisting in a cholera outbreak and then attending courses at Indiana Medical College in La Porte, Indiana . Although

6480-404: The average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 30.6% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. The median income for a household in the city

6600-436: The bill to be signed. Rolette came into the chamber just as the session ended. Today, St. Paul is the state's second-largest city (after neighboring Minneapolis ), while St. Peter is a relatively small rural town. In 1851 the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was signed between the Sioux (Dakota) and the U.S. Government one mile (1.6 km) north of St. Peter. The Nicollet County Historical Society-Treaty Site History Center

6720-401: The bill's sponsors wanted to build the new capitol building, and at one point had been heard saying, "If the capitol remains in Saint Paul, the territory is worth millions, and I have nothing." At the time, St. Peter, in the territory's central region, was seen as more accessible to far-flung territorial legislators than St. Paul, which was in the extreme east of the territory, on the east bank of

6840-425: The centrepiece of a brand new residential development. As part of the Pathfinder initiative, Salford was identified in 2002 as one of nine areas in specific need of investment for new homes. Between 2003 and 2006 £115M was invested in the Manchester and City of Salford housing markets, £44M of which was invested in central Salford. Rows of terraces in neighbourhoods such as Seedley and Langworthy – once used for

6960-444: The centres of Salford and Manchester, where supplies of labour and coal were more readily available (the first steam-powered mill was built in Manchester in 1780). One of the first factories to be built was Philip's and Lee's Twist Mill in Salford, completed in 1801, the second iron-framed multi-story building to be erected in Britain. The large Salford Engine Twist Company mill was built to the west of Salford, between Chapel Street and

7080-406: The church is associated with the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod . Veritas et Lux Preparatory School is a private non-denominational (K-12) school. The first class graduated from St. Peter High School in 1880. The first superintendent of St. Peter Public Schools was Andrew Ryan McGill , who served from 1865 to 1868. McGill was Minnesota's 10th governor from 1887 to 1889. Scholarship America

7200-448: The city include the University of Salford , Salford City Football Club , Salford Red Devils , BBC North and ITV Granada . The name of Salford derives from Old English : Sealhford , meaning a ford by the willows , (also known as sallows), in reference to the trees growing on the banks of the River Irwell. The ford was about where Victoria Bridge is today. Willow trees are still found in Lower Broughton . Salford appears in

7320-427: The city. The population density was 1,797.3 inhabitants per square mile (693.9/km ). There were 3,129 housing units at an average density of 577.0 per square mile (222.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.17% White , 1.57% African American , 0.43% Native American , 1.53% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 1.25% from other races , and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.04% of

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7440-509: The community and townscape ... has gone from Salford, replaced by tall blocks of flats". Large areas of the city were redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, with Victorian era terraced housing estates that inspired painter L. S. Lowry and soap opera Coronation Street giving way to concrete tower blocks and austere architecture. Salford Quays became the site of the second British multiplex when Cannon opened their cinema there in December 1986. Despite extensive redevelopment, throughout

7560-421: The early 20th century, improvements in regional transport infrastructure precipitated the decline of Salford's existing industries, including those at the Salford Docks . Increased foreign competition began to undermine the competitiveness of local textile processing businesses. Life in Salford during the early 20th century was described by Robert Roberts, in his study The Classic Slum . Rising unemployment during

7680-429: The family. Mayo took to publishing a short-lived newspaper , the Le Sueur Courier , which only lasted about three months. He also spent time working on a steamboat . The family saw its first male addition, William James Mayo , in 1861. As the American Civil War began that same year, Mayo attempted to procure a commission as a military surgeon but was rejected. Nonetheless, he found his way into military medicine as

7800-405: The fertile lowland by the River Irwell that is now Salford and Stretford . Following the Roman conquest of Britain , General Agricola ordered the construction of a Roman fort named Mamucium (Manchester) to protect the routes to Deva Victrix ( Chester ) and Eboracum ( York ) from the Brigantes. Salford was founded when the fort was completed in AD 79, and for over 300 years

7920-488: The finishing trades, including rexine and silk dyeing, and fulling and bleaching, at a string of works in Salford. Both Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels spent time in Salford, studying the plight of the British working class. In The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 , Engels described Salford as "really one large working-class quarter ... [a] very unhealthy, dirty and dilapidated district which, while other industries were almost always textile related

8040-403: The first City Hall. He served in the Minnesota State Senate from 1891 to 1895 and was a Democrat . By now, the number of patients was large enough to support the family with no need for him to assume additional jobs. In the 1890s, Mayo advocated unsuccessfully to create an artificial lake by damming Bear Creek where it enters the Zumbro River . The event that is usually credited with beginning

8160-450: The greater number of tenants kept their houses clean and respectable under most adverse conditions". By 1933, slum clearance projects were under way, and by the end of 1956 over a thousand families had been rehoused in overspill estates at Little Hulton . These clearances have, for some, changed the character of the area to such an extent that "observers in search of the typical Salford may have to look in Eccles and Swinton, for much of

8280-457: The history of the British working class" ; together with Manchester it had the world's "first fully formed industrial working class" . Salford has not, in general, attracted the same minority ethnic and cosmopolitan communities as in other parts of Greater Manchester, although it did attract significant numbers of Irish in the mid-19th century. Many migrated to Salford because of the Great Hunger in Ireland combined with Salford's reputation as

8400-459: The housing stock, began changing Salford's fortunes; population decline has slowed, and Salford's city councillors have insisted it is a safe place to visit. In August 2005, a survey by Channel 4 television rated the city as the 9th worst place to live in the United Kingdom, based on criteria of crime, education, environment, lifestyle and employment. Salford has suffered from high levels of unemployment, housing, and social problems since around

8520-401: The hundred, which has since in local government been separate from Salford. Poitevin forfeited the manor in 1102 when he was defeated in a failed rebellion attempt against Henry I . In around 1115, for their support during the rebellion, Henry I placed the Hundred of Salford under the control of the Earldom of Lancaster , and it is from this exchange that the Hundred of Salford became

8640-473: The introduction of cotton there was a considerable trade in woollen goods and fustians . Other cottage industries prevalent at this time included clogging , cobbling , weaving and brewing. The changes to textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on both on population and urbanisation, as well as the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of Salford. The well-established textile processing and trading infrastructure, and

8760-590: The local community. Salford now has many tourist attractions, such as Ordsall Hall , the Bridgewater Canal and the Lowry Centre , an award-winning theatre and art gallery complex, consisting of two theatres and three art galleries. The centre is named after the artist L. S. Lowry , who attended Salford School of Art and lived in nearby Pendlebury for 40 years. Many of his paintings of Salford and Manchester mill scenes, populated with small matchstick-like figures, are on display. A notable regeneration project

8880-595: The local newspaper. In 1899, he was elected to the State Senate , and served until 1903. In 1904, he was elected Minnesota's 16th governor. He was reelected in 1906 and 1908. He was considered as a possible candidate in the 1912 presidential election, but died as the result of an operation for intestinal adhesions in Rochester, Minnesota , on September 21, 1909. Drs. William James Mayo and Charles Horace Mayo , who came from Le Sueur and were friends with Johnson, performed

9000-519: The more distant neighbouring city of Liverpool . Organised crime in Salford, particularly in Ordsall and Pendleton, "began to have a disturbing effect on grass roots democracy. Both the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives announced they would not contest certain Salford wards" because they regarded them as "unsafe" and would put their "party workers at risk". Salford's social amenities and

9120-403: The north and for a distance forms the statutory boundary between Salford and Manchester. Flooding has historically been a problem and the Irwell has seen much modification along its course in Salford with some bends being removed, channelisation , and the construction of levees and bank reinforcements. Salford has expanded along the river valley to the north and south and on to higher ground on

9240-536: The opening of Salford Docks in 1894. Industrial decline in the 20th century led to the city having run-down and antisocial areas. Salford has been subject to slum clearances and other regeneration programmes since the 1930s. From 2007, multiple media companies set up headquarters at the MediaCityUK development in Salford Quays , an area established in the 1980s on former dockland. Notable organisations based in

9360-597: The operation. After lying in state in the Capitol rotunda, his body was taken to St. Peter for burial. The funeral, held at Union Presbyterian Church, was St. Peter's largest ever, and he was buried near his parents in Greenhill Cemetery. He was survived by his wife, Elinore "Nora" Preston Johnson. On March 29, 1998, a tornado struck St. Peter , killing six-year-old Dustin Schneider, injuring dozens more, and damaging much of

9480-406: The population. There were 2,978 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and

9600-440: The population. There were 3,491 households, of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.4% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

9720-795: The private practice created the Mayo Properties Association and established the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research as a not-for-profit entity. In 1910, Mayo became interested in the extraction and distillation of alcohol from animal and vegetable wastes, and one day suffered a serious injury when the extraction mechanism crushed his arm and hand. That injury necessitated an amputation. Complications resulted in his death in March 1911, shortly before Mayo's 92nd birthday. His wife died in 1915. They are buried next to each other at Oakwood Cemetery in Rochester. The family's home in Le Sueur

9840-531: The provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1948 when the constituencies were reorganised into Salford East and Salford West. From 1997, Salford lay within a reconstituted Salford parliamentary constituency . From the general election of 2010 , Salford (excluding Broughton and Kersal) was part of the new constituency of Salford and Eccles until it was replaced again with the Salford constituency by

9960-520: The ready supply of water from the River Irwell and its tributaries, attracted entrepreneurs who built cotton mills along the banks of the river in Pendleton and Ordsall . Although Salford followed a similar pattern of industrial development to Manchester, most businesses preferred to build their premises on the Manchester side of the Irwell, and consequently Salford did not develop as a commercial centre in

10080-633: The region during the Early Middle Ages and gave the locality the name Sealhford , meaning "ford by the willows". According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , Sealhford was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria until it was conquered in 923 by Edward the Elder . Following the emergence of the united Kingdom of England , Salford became a caput or central manor within a broad rural area in part held by

10200-462: The region. It was eventually overtaken by Manchester during the Industrial Revolution . The former County Borough of Salford was granted city status in 1926; the current wider borough was established in 1974. The economy of the city in the 18th and 19th centuries was focused on a major factory district for cotton and silk spinning and weaving , and as a major inland port after

10320-539: The road was discontinued in 1925, and the road closed to mechanically propelled vehicles in January 1926. Further slips saw the road closed completely in July 1933, and although no substantial movements have been recorded since 1948 slow subsidence around the Cliff continues to this day. Salford's built environment is made up of a range of building stock. Some inner-city areas are noted for chronic urban decay . Salford's housing stock

10440-559: The same is true for economically inactive students (5.1% in City of Salford and 4.7% in England). The rest of the figures were roughly inline with national trends. Salford has a series of bridges over the Manchester Ship Canal and onto the River Irwell , including the Grade II listed Blackfriars Bridge , completed in 1820. The settlement is dominated by the several railway viaducts built in

10560-405: The same way as its neighbour. Many of these earlier mills had been based on Arkwright -type designs. These relied on strong falls of water, but Salford is on a meander of the Irwell with only a slight gradient and thus mills tended to be built upstream, at Kersal and Pendleton. However, with the introduction of the steam engine in the late 18th century, merchants began to construct mills closer to

10680-544: The sixth-largest settlement in the Greater Manchester Urban Area , the United Kingdom's second-largest conurbation . The M602 motorway enters Salford from Eccles to the west. The A580 "East Lancashire Road" terminates at Salford, entering the area from Pendlebury . Salford is polycentric (has more than one centre). The main city centre could be considered to be located around Bexley Square near where

10800-515: The state declares mentally ill and dangerous are committed. Benedictine Health Care Center, formerly known as St. Peter Community Health Care Center, is part of the River's Edge Hospital complex. Near the hospital Pheasants' Ridge is an assisted living facility that has a section for patients suffering from memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Other health care facilities in St. Peter include Grandview Good Samaritan Center on Sunrise Drive. River Valley Birth Center opened in St. Peter in

10920-441: The surrounding borough. The USD had a slightly larger percentage of Asian and black people. Salford has become a lot more ethnically diverse since the previous census, mostly due to boundary changes, but also due to the relocation of many BBC departments from London between 2011 and 2012. This has created many jobs and encouraged migration to the area, which was previously very deprived since the loss of many traditional industries in

11040-506: The three Mayo doctors as surgeons, and the Sisters of St. Francis as staff. In 1892, Mayo asked Augustus Stinchfield to join his practice as a full partner. Once Stinchfield accepted the offer, Mayo retired at age 73. As the practice grew, Christopher Graham, E. Starr Judd, Henry Stanley Plummer , Melvin Millet, and Donald Balfour were also invited to join it as partners. In 1919, the partners of

11160-483: The title sequence of Coronation Street  – are being compulsorily purchased, demolished and replaced by "modern sustainable accommodation". Other schemes such as the Charlestown and Lower Kersal New deal for Communities , have concentrated on renovating existing terraced housing stock by block improvement and alleygating, as well as demolishing unsuitable properties and building new facilities, in consultation with

11280-399: The town hall and cathedral are located. However, its main shopping centres are Salford Shopping Centre in Pendleton and Salford Quays . As the city has expanded and incorporated Eccles , Walkden , Swinton and Pendlebury , there are now retail and economic centres belonging to these towns. As of the 2001 UK census , Salford had a population of 72,750. The 2001 population density

11400-620: The town's housing, commercial, and civic buildings. The tornado destroyed 156 single-family houses and 51 apartment units. An additional 362 houses and apartments suffered serious damage and 1,383 houses or apartments had minor damage. The town's three trailer parks were largely spared with no mobile homes destroyed and just two seriously damaged. Major losses included the Old Central School, St. Peter Arts and Heritage Center, St. Peter's Catholic Church, St. Peter Evangelical Lutheran Church, and Johnson Hall at Gustavus Adolphus College. St. Peter

11520-534: The town. In 1773 there were 25 bleachers around Salford, most to the west of the township. Printing was another source of trade; the earliest recorded in the region was a calique printer in the Manchester Parish Register of 1763. These industries became more important as Salford faced increasing competition from the nearby towns of Bolton and Oldham . As its cotton spinning industries faltered its economy turned increasingly to other textiles and to

11640-454: The town; a 17th-century order forced each burgess  – a freeman of the borough   – to attend, but the fairs were abolished during the 19th century. The Earls of Chester aided the development of the caput, and in 1230 Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester made Salford a burgage , or free borough. The charter gave its burgesses certain commercial rights, privileges and advantages over traders living outside Salford; one of

11760-575: The township of Aspull in the parish of Wigan . After the defeat of Harold II during the Norman conquest of England , William I granted the Hundred of Salford to Roger the Poitevin , and in the Domesday Book of 1086 the Hundred of Salford was recorded as covering an area of 350 square miles (906 km ) with a population of 35,000. Poitevin created the subordinate Manor of Manchester out of

11880-589: The township of Pendleton , and a small part of Pendlebury were added in 1853. When the administrative county of Lancashire was created by the Local Government Act 1888 , Salford was elevated to become the County Borough of Salford and was, in modern terms, a unitary authority area exempt from the administration of Lancashire County Council . Following a campaign supported by William Joynson-Hicks , Home Secretary and Member of Parliament (MP) for

12000-483: The training there would probably be considered mediocre by modern standards, the school did have a microscope , an uncommon tool at the time. Knowledge of how to use this instrument proved to be useful in Mayo's future practice. It is a matter of debate whether Mayo actually graduated from the Indiana Medical College. William Mayo reportedly stated orally that he graduated from the Indiana Medical College. His graduation date from

12120-479: The type and location of housing. County Borough 1901–1971  • Urban Subdivision 1981–2001 In 2011, Salford had a population of 103,886, which is about the same size as Rochdale . The population increased from 72,750 in the previous census, mainly due to boundary changes. In 2011, 22.7% of the population in the Salford USD (Urban Subdivision) were non-white British, compared with 15.6% for

12240-467: The valley sides at Irlams o' th' Height and Higher Broughton . Unconsolidated glacial deposits along the riverbank at Broughton have caused several landslides along the riverbank. The City Engineer's Department of the City of Salford recorded one such incident near Great Clowes Street in February 1882, and others in 1886, 1887 and 1888. In 1892 the road was propped with timber supports. The tram service along

12360-632: The western bank of the River Irwell which forms its boundary with Manchester city centre . Landmarks in the city include the former town hall , Salford Cathedral , Salford Lads' Club and St Philip's Church . In 2021 it had a population of 129,794. The demonym for people from Salford is Salfordian . Salford is the main settlement of the wider City of Salford metropolitan borough, which incorporates other towns including Eccles , Pendlebury , Swinton and Walkden . Nearby towns in other metropolitan boroughs include Stretford , Urmston , Bolton , Sale and Bury , Prestwich , and Radcliffe . Salford

12480-423: The whole of North West England . A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford contained some of the worst slums in the country. Many houses were infested by rats and lacked elementary amenities. Inspectors found that of 950 houses surveyed, 257 were in a state of bad repair with leaking roofs, broken flooring and rotten woodwork. The inspectors were "struck by the courage and perseverance with which

12600-399: The wider City of Salford are unparished areas . Salford is represented by the Member of Parilament (MP) for the Salford constituency , which was (re)created in 2023 and first used in the 2024 UK general election . Its MP is Rebecca Long-Bailey , who served as a Labour Party MP in Salford since 2015. As of 2024 she sits as an independent MP, after Labour suspended her for voting against

12720-509: Was twinned with Clermont-Ferrand in France. In 1974 the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 , and was replaced by the metropolitan borough of City of Salford , a local government district of the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester , with triple the territory of the former City of Salford, taking in neighbouring Eccles, Swinton and Pendlebury, and Worsley and Irlam. Both Salford and

12840-509: Was $ 40,344, and the median income for a family was $ 51,157. Males had a median income of $ 33,618 versus $ 25,789 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,634. About 4.2% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over. St. Peter was founded in 1853 by Captain William Bigelow Dodd, who claimed 150 acres (0.61 km ) north of what

12960-512: Was 12,066 at the 2020 census . It is home to Gustavus Adolphus College . U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highways 22 and 99 are three of the city's main routes. St. Peter's sister city is Petatlán, Guerrero, Mexico . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 6.24 sq mi (16.16 km ), of which 6.06 sq mi (15.70 km ) is land and 0.17 sq mi (0.44 km )

13080-436: Was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age in the city was 27.5 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 27.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 19.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,747 people, 2,978 households, and 1,843 families residing in

13200-503: Was 9,151 per mi (3,533 per km ), with a 100 to 98.4 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years age, 44.0% were single (never married) and 36.7% married. Salford's 32,576 households included 44.1% one-person, 22.0% married couples living together, 7.6% were co-habiting couples, and 13.3% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 37.3% had no academic qualifications , similar to that of 35.5% in all of

13320-647: Was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Carson Nesbit Cosgrove and his family later lived in the home. Cosgrove went on to help create the Minnesota Valley Canning Company, later named Green Giant . Mayo's home in Rochester was razed to build the original Mayo Clinic building in 1914. Salford Salford ( / ˈ s ɒ l f ər d / SOL -fərd ) is a city in Greater Manchester , England, situated on

13440-529: Was as high as 80 homes per acre. Private roads were built for the use of the middle classes moving to the outskirts of Salford. The entrances to such roads, which included Elleray Road in Irlams o' th' Height , were often gated, and patrolled. Salford is credited as the birthplace of the Bush Roller Chain . Hans Renold , a Swiss-born engineer, came to Salford in the late 19th century. In 1879 he purchased

13560-538: Was buried with high military honors in St. Peter on the grounds of the Church of the Holy Communion, Episcopal, on land he donated to the church. Dodd, his wife Harriet and two children are buried behind the present stone church built in 1869–70 at 118 North Minnesota Avenue. In 1866, the legislature established the first "Minnesota Asylum for the Insane" in St. Peter. It was later known as the St. Peter State Hospital , and

13680-399: Was given the body of Cut Nose whom he dissected in front of medical colleagues. On April 24, 1863, Mayo was named examining surgeon for the first Minnesota draft board headquartered in Rochester, Minnesota. He left his family for that position and soon found the new city to his liking, so they joined him there in early 1864. A year later, his son Charles Horace Mayo was born. Mayo opened

13800-449: Was in his final year of school, so both were able to assist their father with care of the tornado's victims. Mother Alfred Moes of the Sisters of St. Francis was convinced a full-fledged hospital was needed in Rochester and approached Mayo to head it. She offered to raise the funds and supervise the construction of the hospital. Under her direction, St. Marys Hospital was built and opened in 1889. Originally, St. Marys Hospital had 12 beds,

13920-532: Was originally from Bloomfield, New Jersey. His second wife, Harriett Newell Jones, a native of Cabot, Vermont , was living in New York at the time of their marriage at the Church of the Holy Communion in New York City, which helped fund the church in St. Peter that shares its name. St. Peter was located along the Minnesota River , a major tributary of the Mississippi River, and flowed down a wide valley carved by

14040-407: Was recorded as "within a great loop of the River Irwell ... roughly three-quarters of a mile from north to south and one mile from east to west". Salford is contiguous with Manchester , and has been described "in participation of its trade, and for all other practical purposes, an integral part of it; presents a near resemblance to it in streets and edifices; contains several public buildings and

14160-497: Was restored between 1871 and 1874. Public swimming baths were provided, on Blackfriars Road. Now in commercial use, the two-storey building was constructed in about 1890 from brick, with terracotta dressings and a part-glazed roof. St. Peter, Minnesota St. Peter is a city and the county seat of Nicollet County, Minnesota United States. It is 10 miles north of the Mankato – North Mankato metropolitan area . The population

14280-574: Was staunchly in support of Bonnie Prince Charlie , in his attempt to seize the Throne of England . He entered the town at the head of his army and was blessed by the Reverend John Clayton before leaving "in high spirits" to march on London; he returned to Salford in defeat just nine days later. Salford has a history of textile processing that pre-dates the Industrial Revolution , and as an old town had been developing for about 700 years. Before

14400-570: Was the completion of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894 which triggered Salford's development as a major inland port . Salford Docks , a major dockland on the Ship Canal 35 miles (56 km) east of the Irish Sea , brought employment to over 3,000 labourers. By 1914 the Port of Manchester , most of whose docks were in Salford, had become one of the largest port authorities in the world, handling 5% of

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