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78-405: On his 1814 map, David Thompson called the stream Luissier. In late 1863, a group led by Joe Findlay were gold panning at the river mouth. Observing either a black wild stallion or a cayuse on the hillside, which possibly showed interest in one of their mares, they called the stream Stud Horse Creek. A year or two later, the official rename was Wild Horse Creek. Around 1950, Wild Horse River became

156-402: A bursa intervenes between the deep surface of the ligament and the part of the bone immediately above the tuberosity. Posteriorly, the condyles are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa , which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint . The medial condyle presents posteriorly a deep transverse groove, for

234-415: A lower (also known as inferior or distal) closest to the foot . The tibia is most contracted in the lower third and the distal extremity is smaller than the proximal. The proximal or upper extremity of the tibia is expanded in the transverse plane with a medial and lateral condyle , which are both flattened in the horizontal plane. The medial condyle is the larger of the two and is better supported over

312-575: A postage stamp . The David Thompson Highway in Alberta was named in his honour, along with David Thompson High School on the side of the highway near Leslieville, Alberta . There are also two David Thompson Secondary Schools, one in Vancouver, BC, and one in Invermere, BC. His prowess as a geographer is now well-recognized. He has been called "the greatest land geographer that the world has produced." There

390-555: A boy, by English author and TV presenter Ray Mears . Thompson was the subject of a 1964 National Film Board of Canada short film David Thompson: The Great Mapmaker , as well as the BBC2 programme Ray Mears' Northern Wilderness (Episode 5), broadcast in November 2009. He's also the subject of 2010 KSPS-TV film Uncharted Territory: David Thompson on the Columbia Plateau . He

468-688: A few years later was employed to survey the newly established borders with the United States from Lake of the Woods to the Eastern Townships of Quebec , established by Treaty of Ghent after the War of 1812 . In 1843 Thompson completed his atlas of the region from Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Afterwards, Thompson returned to a life as a land owner, but soon financial misfortune would ruin him. By 1831 he

546-427: A hiking trail, the major sources at the upper level are warm and cold springs. On Crown land, the water is clear and odourless. Water temperatures range from 21 to 33 °C (70 to 91 °F), being warmer on colder days and vice versa. Several former springs have dried up. 49°36′02″N 115°37′03″W  /  49.60056°N 115.61750°W  / 49.60056; -115.61750 This article related to

624-641: A more northerly site at Fort Okanogan . The North West Company established its post of Fort Nez Percés near the Snake River confluence several years later. Continuing down the Columbia, Thompson passed over the Celilo Falls , almost losing the canoe on the rocks, and portaged around the rapids of The Dalles and the Cascades Rapids . On 14 July 1811, Thompson reached the partially constructed Fort Astoria at

702-614: A river in the Interior of British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . David Thompson (explorer) David Thompson (30 April 1770 – 10 February 1857) was an Anglo-Canadian fur trader , surveyor , and cartographer , known to some native people as "Koo-Koo-Sint" or "the Stargazer". Over Thompson's career, he travelled 90,000 kilometres (56,000 mi) across North America , mapping 4.9 million square kilometres (1.9 million square miles) of

780-457: A rough transverse depression for the attachment of the articular capsule of the ankle-joint. The posterior surface is traversed by a shallow groove directed obliquely downward and medialward, continuous with a similar groove on the posterior surface of the talus and serving for the passage of the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus . The lateral surface presents a triangular rough depression for

858-530: A ship to North America on 28 May of that year, leaving England. On 2 September 1784, Thompson arrived in Churchill (now in Manitoba ) and was put to work as a clerk/secretary, copying the personal papers of the governor of Fort Churchill, Samuel Hearne . The next year he was transferred to nearby York Factory , and over the next few years spent time as a secretary at Cumberland House , and South Branch House of

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936-709: A summary of his lifetime of exploring and surveying the interior of North America. The map covered the wide area stretching from Lake Superior to the Pacific, and was given by Thompson to the North West Company. Thompson's 1814 map, his greatest achievement, was so accurate that 100 years later it was still the basis for many of the maps issued by the Canadian government. It now resides in the Archives of Ontario . In 1815, Thompson moved his family to Williamstown, Upper Canada , and

1014-633: A thirteen-year-old Métis daughter of Scottish fur trader Patrick Small and a Cree mother. Their marriage was formalised thirteen years later at the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Montreal on 30 October 1812 . He and Charlotte had 13 children together; five of them were born before he left the fur trade. The family did not adjust easily to life in Eastern Canada ; they lived in Montreal while he

1092-673: A trading post. (The English translation of Lac la Biche: Red Deer Lake, was first recorded on the Mackenzie map of 1793.) Thompson spent the next few seasons trading based in Fort George (now in Alberta), and during this time led several expeditions into the Rocky Mountains . On 10 July 1804, at the annual meeting of the North West Company in Kaministiquia , Thompson was made a full partner of

1170-403: A very powerful mind, and a singular faculty of picture-making. He can create a wilderness and people it with warring savages, or climb the Rocky Mountains with you in a snow-storm, so clearly and palpably, that only shut your eyes and you hear the crack of the rifle, or feel the snow-flakes melt on your cheeks as he talks. On 10 June 1799 at Île-à-la-Crosse , Thompson married Charlotte Small ,

1248-494: Is a monument dedicated to David Thompson (maintained by the state of North Dakota ) near the former town site of the ghost town Verendrye, North Dakota , located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north and 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Karlsruhe, North Dakota . Thompson Falls, Montana , and British Columbia's Thompson River and Thompson Falls on the Blaeberry River are also named after the explorer. The year 2007 marked

1326-500: Is an eminence, situated on a level with the upper border of the tuberosity and at the junction of its anterior and lateral surfaces, for the attachment of the iliotibial band . Just below this a part of the extensor digitorum longus takes origin and a slip from the tendon of the biceps femoris is inserted. The shaft or body of the tibia is triangular in cross-section and forms three borders: an anterior, medial, and lateral or interosseous border. These three borders form three surfaces:

1404-510: Is covered by the aponeurosis derived from the tendon of the sartorius , and by the tendons of the Gracilis and Semitendinosus , all of which are inserted nearly as far forward as the anterior crest; in the rest of its extent it is subcutaneous . The lateral surface is narrower than the medial; its upper two-thirds present a shallow groove for the origin of the Tibialis anterior; its lower third

1482-538: Is divided by a vertical ridge into two parts; the ridge begins at the popliteal line and is well-marked above, but indistinct below; the medial and broader portion gives origin to the Flexor digitorum longus, the lateral and narrower to part of the Tibialis posterior . The remaining part of the posterior surface is smooth and covered by the Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus , and Flexor hallucis longus . Immediately below

1560-454: Is named for the flute tibia . It is the second largest bone in the human body , after the femur . The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body. In human anatomy , the tibia is the second largest bone next to the femur . As in other vertebrates the tibia is one of two bones in the lower leg, the other being the fibula , and is a component of the knee and ankle joints. The ossification or formation of

1638-471: Is quadrilateral, and smooth for articulation with the talus. It is concave from before backward, broader in front than behind, and traversed from before backward by a slight elevation, separating two depressions. It is continuous with that on the medial malleolus. The anterior surface of the lower extremity is smooth and rounded above, and covered by the tendons of the Extensor muscles; its lower margin presents

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1716-463: Is referenced in the 1981 folk song "Northwest Passage" by Stan Rogers . The national park service, Parks Canada , announced in 2018 that it had named its new research vessel RV  David Thompson , to be used for underwater archaeology, including sea floor mapping, and for marine science in the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic Oceans, and the Great Lakes. It will be the main platform for research on

1794-416: Is smooth, convex, curves gradually forward to the anterior aspect of the bone, and is covered by the tendons of the Tibialis anterior , Extensor hallucis longus , and Extensor digitorum longus , arranged in this order from the medial side. The posterior surface presents, at its upper part, a prominent ridge, the popliteal line, which extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for

1872-443: Is thin and prominent, especially its central part, and gives attachment to the interosseous membrane ; it commences above in front of the fibular articular facet, and bifurcates below, to form the boundaries of a triangular rough surface, for the attachment of the interosseous ligament connecting the tibia and fibula. The medial surface is smooth, convex, and broader above than below; its upper third, directed forward and medialward,

1950-461: Is used in the Passover Seder plate . The structure of the tibia in most other tetrapods is essentially similar to that in humans. The tuberosity of the tibia, a crest to which the patellar ligament attaches in mammals, is instead the point for the tendon of the quadriceps muscle in reptiles, birds, and amphibians, which have no patella . [REDACTED] This article incorporates text in

2028-592: The Grey Coat Hospital , a school for the disadvantaged of Westminster. Thompson graduated to the Grey Coat mathematical school, well known for teaching navigation and surveying. He received an education for the Royal Navy: including mathematics of trigonometry and geometry, practical navigation including using of nautical instruments, finding latitudes and longitudes and making navigational calculations from observing

2106-613: The Jay Treaty of 1794 between Great Britain and the United States after the American Revolutionary War. By 1798 Thompson had completed a survey of 6,750 km (4,190 mi) from Grand Portage , through Lake Winnipeg , to the headwaters of the Assiniboine and Mississippi rivers, as well as two sides of Lake Superior . In 1798, the company sent him to Red Deer Lake ( Lac La Biche in present-day Alberta) to establish

2184-630: The Welshman , although he left his native hills when very young. I might have been spared this description of Mr David Thompson by saying he greatly resembled Curran the Irish Orator... I afterwards travelled much with him, and have now only to speak of him with great respect, or, I ought to say, with admiration... No living person possesses a tithe of his information respecting the Hudson's Bay countries... Never mind his Bunyan-like face and cropped hair; he has

2262-473: The Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site . The David Thompson Astronomical Observatory at Fort William Historical Park was named to commemorate David Thompson and his discoveries. Tibia The tibia ( / ˈ t ɪ b i ə / ; pl. : tibiae / ˈ t ɪ b i i / or tibias ), also known as the shinbone or shankbone , is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of

2340-408: The lateral tibial condyle and the head of fibula . The joint capsule is reinforced by anterior and posterior ligament of the head of the fibula . The distal tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. The part of the ankle joint known as

2418-443: The menisci of the knee joint, which here intervene between the two bones. Between the articular facets in the intercondylar area , but nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the intercondyloid eminence ( spine of tibia ), surmounted on either side by a prominent tubercle, on to the sides of which the articular facets are prolonged; in front of and behind the intercondyloid eminence are rough depressions for

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2496-418: The shaft . The upper surfaces of the condyles articulate with the femur to form the tibiofemoral joint, the weightbearing part of the kneejoint. The medial and lateral condyle are separated by the intercondylar area , where the cruciate ligaments and the menisci attach. Here the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercle forms the intercondylar eminence . Together with the medial and lateral condyle

2574-525: The 150th year of Thompson's death and the 200th anniversary of his first crossing of the Rocky Mountains. Commemorative events and exhibits were planned across Canada and the United States from 2007 to 2011 as a celebration of his accomplishments. In 2007, a commemorative plaque was placed on a wall at the Grey Coat Hospital, the school for the disadvantaged of Westminster David Thompson attended as

2652-558: The 1890s geologist J.B. Tyrrell resurrected Thompson's notes and in 1916 published them as David Thompson's Narrative , as part of the General Series of the Champlain Society . Further editions and re-examinations of Thompson's life and works were published in 1962 by Richard Glover, in 1971 by Victor Hopwood, and in 2015 by William Moreau. Thompson's body was interred in Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery in an unmarked grave. It

2730-427: The Hudson's Bay Company before being transferred to Manchester House in 1787 . During those years he learned to keep accounts and other records, calculate values of furs (it was noted that he also had several expensive beaver pelts at that time even when a secretary's job would not pay terribly well), track supplies and other duties. On 23 December 1788, Thompson seriously fractured his tibia , forcing him to spend

2808-525: The Miss McGillivray's and a singular-looking person of about fifty. He was plainly dressed, quiet, and observant. His figure was short and compact, and his black hair was worn long all round, and cut square, as if by one stroke of the shears, just above the eyebrows. His complexion was of the gardener's ruddy brown, while the expression of his deeply-furrowed features was friendly and intelligent, but his cut-short nose gave him an odd look. His speech betrayed

2886-441: The North West Company was based . In his published journals, Thompson recorded seeing large footprints (“which measured fourteen inches in length by eight inches in breadth”) near what is now Jasper, Alberta , in 1811. It has been suggested that these prints were similar to what has since been called the sasquatch . However, Thompson noted that these tracks showed "a small Nail at the end of each [toe]", which led him to surmise it

2964-525: The Pacific Ocean. In June 1807 Thompson crossed the Rocky Mountains and spent the summer surveying the Columbia basin ; he continued to survey the area over the next few seasons. Thompson mapped and established trading posts in Northwestern Montana , Idaho , Washington , and Western Canada . Trading posts he founded included Kootenae House , Kullyspell House and Saleesh House ; the latter two were

3042-419: The attachment of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the menisci. The anterior surfaces of the condyles are continuous with one another, forming a large somewhat flattened area; this area is triangular, broad above, and perforated by large vascular foramina; narrow below where it ends in a large oblong elevation, the tuberosity of the tibia , which gives attachment to the patellar ligament ;

3120-408: The attachment of the inferior interosseous ligament connecting it with the fibula; the lower part of this depression is smooth, covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and articulates with the fibula. The surface is bounded by two prominent borders (the anterior and posterior colliculi), continuous above with the interosseous crest ; they afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of

3198-406: The bone starts from three centers, one in the shaft and one in each extremity. The tibia is categorized as a long bone and is as such composed of a diaphysis and two epiphyses . The diaphysis is the midsection of the tibia, also known as the shaft or body. While the epiphyses are the two rounded extremities of the bone; an upper (also known as superior or proximal) closest to the thigh and

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3276-406: The center of the body, about the seventh week of fetal life, and gradually extends toward the extremities. The center for the upper epiphysis appears before or shortly after birth at close to 34 weeks gestation; it is flattened in form, and has a thin tongue-shaped process in front, which forms the tuberosity ; that for the lower epiphysis appears in the second year. The lower epiphysis fuses with

3354-439: The center. It begins at the back part of the medial condyle, and ends at the posterior border of the medial malleolus; its upper part gives attachment to the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint to the extent of about 5 cm., and insertion to some fibers of the popliteus muscle . From its middle third some fibers of the soleus and flexor digitorum longus muscles take origin. The interosseous crest or lateral border

3432-549: The common name. In 1864, an important mining camp was established at Fisherville . Placer mining yielded close to $ 7,000,000 in gold during the goldrush. Worked by both European and Chinese miners, the river has been a significant BC gold producing stream. Mike Reynolds in the 1860s found a 1,021-gram (36 oz) gold nugget, which was the largest one recovered from the river. Mining methods have included hydraulics, tunnels, and shafts. The river experienced major mining activity from 1863 to 1868 and from 1885 to 1900. Accessible by

3510-400: The company. He became a 'wintering partner', who was based in the field rather than Montreal, and was granted two of the 92 NWC's shares worth more than £4,000. He spent the next few seasons based there managing the fur trading operations, but still finding time to expand his surveys of the waterways around Lake Superior . At the 1806 company meeting, officers decided to send Thompson back into

3588-513: The continent along the way. For this historic feat, Thompson has been described as the "greatest practical land geographer that the world has produced". David Thompson was born in Westminster , Middlesex, to recent Welsh migrants David and Ann Thompson. When Thompson was two, his father died. Due to his widowed mother not having financial resources, she placed Thompson, 29 April 1777, the day before his seventh birthday, and his older brother in

3666-434: The continent). His contemporary, the great explorer Alexander Mackenzie , remarked that Thompson did more in ten months than he would have thought possible in two years. Despite these significant achievements, Thompson died in Montreal in near obscurity on 10 February 1857, his accomplishments almost unrecognised. He never finished the book of his 28 years in the fur trade, based on his 77 field notebooks, before he died. In

3744-564: The fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds; it marks the lower limit of the insertion of the Popliteus , serves for the attachment of the fascia covering this muscle, and gives origin to part of the Soleus , Flexor digitorum longus , and Tibialis posterior . The triangular area, above this line, gives insertion to the Popliteus. The middle third of the posterior surface

3822-674: The first trading posts west of the Rockies in Idaho and Montana, respectively. These posts established by Thompson extended North West Company fur trading territory into the Columbia Basin drainage area. The maps he made of the Columbia River basin east of the Cascade Mountains were of such high quality and detail that they continued to be useful into the 20th-century . In early 1810, Thompson

3900-467: The fur trade, he left . He walked 130 kilometres (80 mi) in the snow in order to enter the employ of the competition, the North West Company . There he continued to work as a fur trader and surveyor . Thompson's decision to defect to the North West Company (NWC) in 1797 without providing the customary one-year notice was not well received by his former employers. But the North West Company

3978-420: The insertion of the tendon of the semimembranosus . Its medial surface is convex, rough, and prominent; it gives attachment to the medial collateral ligament . The lateral condyle presents posteriorly a flat articular facet, nearly circular in form, directed downward, backward, and lateralward, for articulation with the head of the fibula. Its lateral surface is convex, rough, and prominent in front: on it

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4056-485: The intercondylar region forms the tibial plateau , which both articulates with and is anchored to the lower extremity of the femur . The intercondylar eminence divides the intercondylar area into an anterior and posterior part . The anterolateral region of the anterior intercondylar area are perforated by numerous small openings for nutrient arteries . The articular surfaces of both condyles are concave, particularly centrally. The flatter outer margins are in contact with

4134-630: The interior. Concern over the United States-backed expedition of Lewis and Clark prompted the North West Company to charge Thompson with the task of finding a route to the Pacific to open up the lucrative trading territories of the Pacific Northwest . After the general meeting in 1806, Thompson travelled to Rocky Mountain House and prepared for an expedition to follow the Columbia River to

4212-414: The knee the tibia forms one of the two articulations with the femur , often referred to as the tibiofemoral components of the knee joint.; it is the weightbearing part of the knee joint. The tibiofibular joints are the articulations between the tibia and fibula which allows very little movement. The proximal tibiofibular joint is a small plane joint . The joint is formed between the undersurface of

4290-482: The lands they traverse. In 1820, the English geologist, John Jeremiah Bigsby , attended a dinner party given by The Hon. William McGillivray at his home, Chateau St. Antoine, one of the early estates in Montreal 's Golden Square Mile . He describes the party and some of the guests in his entertaining book The Shoe and Canoe , giving an excellent description of David Thompson: I was well placed at table between one of

4368-407: The late stance phase is up to 71.6 bodyweight times millimetre. Fractures of the tibia can be divided into those that only involve the tibia; bumper fracture , Segond fracture , Gosselin fracture , toddler's fracture , and those including both the tibia and fibula ; trimalleolar fracture , bimalleolar fracture , Pott's fracture . In Judaism , the tibia, or shankbone, of a goat or sheep

4446-442: The lateral condyle has a circular facet for articulation with the head of the fibula . Beneath the condyles is the tibial tuberosity which serves for attachment of the patellar ligament , a continuation of the quadriceps femoris muscle . The superior articular surface presents two smooth articular facets . The central portions of these facets articulate with the condyles of the femur , while their peripheral portions support

4524-453: The lateral malleolus. The medial surface – see medial malleolus for details. Ankle fractures of the tibia have several classification systems based on location or mechanism: The tibia is supplied with blood from two sources: A nutrient artery , as the main source, and periosteal vessels derived from the anterior tibial artery . The tibia is a part of four joints; the knee, ankle, superior and inferior tibiofibular joint . In

4602-491: The longitude of Cumberland House using lunar distances . The mean of these observations was 102°12′ W, about 2' east of the modern value. The mean error of the 34 observations was about 15' of longitude. Broughton (2009) notes that the precision of the type of sextant used by Thompson was 15" of arc, corresponding to 7.5' of longitude giving an absolute limit to the precision of an individual observation. The error in Thompson's mean

4680-438: The medial, lateral, and posterior. The anterior crest or border , the most prominent of the three, commences above at the tuberosity , and ends below at the anterior margin of the medial malleolus . It is sinuous and prominent in the upper two-thirds of its extent, but smooth and rounded below; it gives attachment to the deep fascia of the leg. The medial border is smooth and rounded above and below, but more prominent in

4758-421: The menisci. The medial condyles superior surface is oval in form and extends laterally onto the side of medial intercondylar tubercle . The lateral condyles superior surface is more circular in form and its medial edge extends onto the side of the lateral intercondylar tubercle . The posterior surface of the medial condyle bears a horizontal groove for part of the attachment of the semimembranosus muscle , whereas

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4836-694: The mouth of the Columbia, arriving two months after the Pacific Fur Company 's ship, the Tonquin . Before returning upriver and across the mountains, Thompson hired Naukane , a Native Hawaiian Takane labourer brought to Fort Astoria by the Pacific Fur Company's ship Tonquin . Naukane, known as Coxe to Thompson, accompanied Thompson across the continent to Lake Superior before journeying on to England. Thompson wintered at Saleesh House before beginning his final journey in 1812 back to Montreal, where

4914-412: The next two winters at Cumberland House convalescing. It was during this time that he greatly refined and expanded his mathematical, astronomical, and surveying skills under the tutelage of Hudson's Bay Company surveyor Philip Turnor . It was also during this time that he lost sight in his right eye. In 1790, with his apprenticeship nearing its end, Thompson requested a set of surveying tools in place of

4992-415: The popliteal line is the nutrient foramen, which is large and directed obliquely downward. The distal end of the tibia is much smaller than the proximal end and presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong pyramidal process, the medial malleolus . The lower extremity of the tibia together with the fibula and talus forms the ankle joint . The inferior articular surface

5070-465: The sun, moon and tide, and drawing maps and charts, taking land measurements, and sketching landscapes. He later built on these skills to make his career. In 1784, when Thompson was 14, the Grey Coat treasurer paid the Hudson's Bay Company the sum of five pounds, upon which the youth became an apprentice employee of the company, contracted for a period of seven years to be trained as a clerk. He set sail on

5148-448: The talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus. The articulation between the tibia and the talus bears more weight than between the smaller fibula and the talus. The tibia is ossified from three centers : a primary center for the diaphysis (shaft) and a secondary center for each epiphysis (extremity). Ossification begins in

5226-403: The tibial shaft at about the eighteenth, and the upper one fuses about the twentieth year. Two additional centers occasionally exist, one for the tongue-shaped process of the upper epiphysis, which forms the tuberosity, and one for the medial malleolus . The tibia has been modeled as taking an axial force during walking that is up to 4.7 bodyweight. Its bending moment in the sagittal plane in

5304-447: The two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula , behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle . The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane . The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg , forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia

5382-403: The typical parting gift of fine clothes offered by the company to those completing their indenture. He received both . He entered the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company as a fur trader . In 1792 he completed his first significant survey, mapping a route to Lake Athabasca (where today's Alberta / Saskatchewan border is located). Between February and May 1793, Thompson made 34 observations of

5460-519: The villages along the way to establish good relations, helped by copious quantities of tobacco. In 1805 Lewis and Clark had descended the Snake River, and continued down the Columbia. On reaching the junction Thompson erected a pole and a notice claiming the country for Great Britain and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a trading post at the site. This notice was found later that year by Astor company workers looking to establish an inland fur post, contributing to their selection of

5538-402: Was a bear, but he had doubts, saying, "I held it to be the track of a large old grizzled bear; yet the shortness of the nails, the ball of the foot, and its great size was not that of a Bear". The years 1807-1812 are the most carefully scrutinized in his career and comprise his most enduring historical legacy, due to his development of the commercial routes across the Rockies, and his mapping of

5616-584: Was delayed by an angry group of Peigan natives at Howse Pass . He was ultimately forced to seek a new route across the Rocky Mountains and found one through the Athabasca Pass . David Thompson was the first European to navigate the full length of the Columbia River . Between Kettle Falls (3 July 1811) and the Junction of the Columbia and Snake Rivers (9 July), he was travelling through country that had never been visited by Europeans, and took time to visit

5694-512: Was more supportive of Thompson pursuing his work on surveying and mapping the interior of what was to become Canada, as they judged it in the company's interest to know the exact locations of their settlements and the distances between them. In 1797, Thompson was sent south by his employers to survey part of the Canada-US boundary along the water routes from Lake Superior to Lake of the Woods to satisfy unresolved questions of territory arising from

5772-629: Was not until 1926 that efforts by J.B. Tyrrell and the Canadian Historical Society resulted in the placing of a tombstone to mark his grave. The next year, Thompson was named a National Historic Person by the federal government, one of the earliest such designations. A federal plaque reflecting that status is at Jasper National Park , Alberta. Meantime, Thompson's achievements are central reasons for other national historic designations: In 1957, one hundred years after his death, Canada's post office department honoured him with his image on

5850-524: Was returning eastward toward Montreal but, while en route at Rainy Lake , received orders to return to the Rocky Mountains and establish a route to the mouth of the Columbia. The North West Company was responding to the plans of American entrepreneur John Jacob Astor to send a ship around the Americas to establish a fur trading post of the Pacific Fur Company on the Pacific Coast. During his return, Thompson

5928-403: Was several times less than this. The time he took on these observations, about 3 hours of calculation each, indicates that he understood the power of averages. In recognition of his map-making and surveying skills, the company promoted Thompson to the surveyor in 1794. He continued working for the Hudson's Bay Company until 23 May 1797 when, frustrated by an order to cease surveying and focus on

6006-613: Was so deeply in debt he was forced to take up a position as a surveyor for the British American Land Company to provide for his family. His luck continued to worsen and he was forced to move in with his daughter and son-in-law in 1845. He began work on a manuscript chronicling his life exploring the continent, but this project was left unfinished when his sight failed him completely in 1851. The land mass mapped by Thompson amounted to 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) of wilderness (one-fifth of

6084-472: Was travelling. Two of the children, John (aged 5) and Emma (aged 7), died of round worms , a common parasite. By the time of Thompson's death, the couple had been married 57 years, the longest marriage known in Canada pre- Confederation . Upon his arrival back in Montreal, Thompson retired with a generous pension from the North West Company. He settled in nearby Terrebonne and worked on completing his great map,

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