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47-468: The district is bounded on north by Khunti district , on the east by Saraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand, on the southeast by Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, on the south by Kendujhar district of Odisha, and on the west by Simdega district of Jharkhand and Sundergarh district of Odisha. Several Iron slags , microlith , Potsherds have been discovered from Singhbhum district which are from 1400 BCE according to Carbon dating age. Remains of

94-763: A literacy rate of 58.63%. 14.51% of the population lives in urban areas. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes collectively account for 71.1% (3.79% SC and 67.39% ST) of the district's total population. The prominent communities in this group, in terms of the district's total population, are Ho (51.52%), Munda (9.33%), Oraon (2.15%), Bhuiya (1.36%), Santal (1.01%), Gond (0.91%), Ghasi (0.8%), Bhumij (0.71%), Pan (0.51%), Mahli (0.29%), Dhobi (0.25%), Dom (0.25%), Lohra (0.22%), Chamar /Muchi (0.19%), and Kora (0.13%). Additionally, other notable communities include Kharia , Chik Baraik , Bhogta , Turi , Birhor , Kol, Hari /Mehtar/ Bhangi , Pasi , Savar, and Lalbegi have populations ranging between one thousand to

141-476: A fertility rate of 4.0 births per woman, the highest of any Indian state. For detailed state figures and rankings, see Indian states ranking by fertility rate . In 2009, India had a lower estimated fertility rate than Pakistan and Bangladesh, but a higher fertility rate than China, Iran, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. According to Jin Rou New and colleagues research and data they were able to compile enough data to create

188-413: A hundred. Languages of Khunti district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 61.72% of the population in the district spoke Mundari , 27.79% Sadri , 5.78% Hindi and 2.90% Kurmali as their first language. Panchghagh waterfall has 5 streams to it. The Banai River branches itself out in five different streams, generating rivulets through the cluster of rocks. Anganbari –Shiva Temple

235-478: A hundred. Languages of West Singhbhum district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 54.37% of the population in the district spoke Ho , 18.74% Odia , 9.16% Mundari , 4.64% Hindi , 2.53% Sadri , 2.08% Kurmali , 1.96% Urdu , 1.80% Bengali , 1.15% Kurukh and 1.03% Santali as their first language. 22°34′00″N 85°49′00″E  /  22.5667°N 85.8167°E  / 22.5667; 85.8167 Khunti district Khunti district

282-716: A large city was excavated by Archaeological Survey of India in the village of Benisagar in West Singhbhum, suggesting continuous habitation in the region from 5th to the 16th-17th century. West Singhbhum is one of the oldest districts of Jharkhand. After the British conquest of Kolhan in 1837, a new district was consequently constituted to be known as Singhbhum with Chaibasa as its headquarters. Subsequently, three districts, namely East Singhbhum , West Singhbhum and Seraikela Kharsawan have been carved out of erstwhile Singhbhum district. West Singhbhum district came into existence when

329-486: A large variety of wild life like elephants , bison , tigers , leopards , bear , wild dogs and wild boars . Sambar Deer and spotted deer are also found but their numbers are decreasing in the forests adjoining inhabited areas. Following are some of the rivers flowing in the West Singhbhum District: Koel , Karo-Koina, Kuju, Kharkai , Sanjai, Roro, Deo , and Baitarini . West Singhbhum district

376-592: A stable rate in urban and populated areas. Although this seems promising, two-thirds of India's population resides in rural areas, adding to the decreased fertility rate. Discounting immigration and population momentum effects, a nation that crosses below the replacement rate is on the path to population stabilisation and, eventually, population reduction. There have been several factors influencing recent trends in Indian fertility including, but not limited to: limitation of family planning ability, age at marriage/childbirth, and

423-483: Is a religious center of the district known for its Shiva Temple. Every year during Sawan season local festival is celebrate for one month long. On Maha-shivratri Day, temple is visited by many disciples from different regions of Jharkhand. It is located on Khunti-Torpa road 9 km from the district headquarters. Dombari Buru rises above Sail Rakab village close to Ulihatu. It is in the hills of Dombari Buru where Birsa Munda led his legendary ulgulan (rebellion) against

470-508: Is by far the most prevalent birth-control method in India. Condoms, at a mere 3%, were the next most prevalent method. Meghalaya, at 20%, had the lowest usage of contraception among all Indian states. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh were the other two states that reported usage below 30%. Sterilization is a common practice in India. Contraceptive practices in India are heavily skewed towards terminal methods like sterilization, which means that contraception

517-552: Is full of dense forests and hills and harbors a variety of flora and fauna . Asia's largest Sal Forest Lies in This District The greater part of West Singhbhum district is covered with deposits of iron-ore used for iron and steel industry. Other industrially important minerals including the following: West Singhbhum district consists of 18 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in West Singhbhum district: According to

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564-463: Is near-universal among married women in India. However, the vast majority of married Indians (76% in a 2009 study) reported significant problems in accessing a choice of contraceptive methods. The above table clearly indicates more evidence that the availability of contraceptives is a problem for people in India. In 2009, 48.4% of married women were estimated to use a contraceptive method. About three-fourths of these were using female sterilization which

611-574: Is on improving access to contraceptives through delivering assured services, ensuring commodity security and accelerating access to high quality family planning services. its overall goal is to reduce India's overall fertility rate to 2.1 by the year 2025. Along with that two contraceptive pills, MPA ( Medroxyprogesterone acetate ) under Antara program and Chaya (earlier marketed as Saheli) will be made freely available to all government hospitals. Family planning program benefits not only parents and children but also to society and nation, by being able to keep

658-520: Is one of the twenty-four districts in South Chotanagpur division of the Indian state of Jharkhand . The district of Khunti was carved out of Ranchi district on 12 September 2007. As of 2011 , it is the second least populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24 ), after Lohardaga . Khunti town is the headquarters of the district. It is historically known as the birthplace of Birsa Munda , and being

705-513: Is practiced primarily for birth limitation rather than birth planning. It is common to use camps to enforce sterilization. This process can be done with or without consent. Comparative studies have indicated that increased female literacy is correlated strongly with a decline in fertility. Studies have indicated that female literacy levels are an independent strong predictor of the use of contraception, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence. Female literacy levels in India may be

752-460: Is still remembered and criticised in India, and is blamed for creating a public aversion to family planning , which hampered Government programs for decades. After Emergency the focus of family planning program shifted to women as sterilising men proved to be politically expensive. Over the course of the program, family planning in India resulted in a 19.9% decrease in birth rate where it has since stagnated at 35 births per 1000 persons. By 1996,

799-493: Is the only sub-disvision in the district headed by the SDM . Khunti district has six community development blocks : As of 2011 census of India , Khunti district has a population of 531,885, roughly equal to the nation of Cape Verde . This gives it a ranking of 541st in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 210 inhabitants per square kilometre (540/sq mi). Its population growth rate over

846-501: The 2011 census West Singhbhum district has a population of 1,502,338, roughly equal to the nation of Gabon or the US state of Hawaii . This gives it a ranking of 335th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 209 inhabitants per square kilometre (540/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.69%. Pashchimi Singhbhum has a sex ratio of 1004 females for every 1000 males, and

893-818: The Demographic Transition Model , India falls in the third stage due to decreased birth rates and death rates. In 2026, it is projected to be in stage four once the Total Fertility Rate reaches 2.1. Women in India are not being fully educated on contraception usage and what they are putting in their bodies. From 2005 to 2006 data was collected to indicate only 15.6% of women using contraception in India were informed of all their options and what those options actually do. Contraceptive usage has been rising gradually in India. In 1970, 13% of married women used modern contraceptive methods, which rose to 35% by 1997 and 48% by 2009. Awareness of contraception

940-700: The Government of India established the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in effort to address some of these issues amongst others. The objective of the NRHM includes the provision of effective healthcare to rural areas, especially to poor and vulnerable populations. Through the NRHM, special provisions have been made to address concerns for reproductive health, especially for adolescents who are more likely to participate in risky sexual behaviors and less likely to visit health facilities than adults. Ultimately,

987-491: The total fertility rate of India was 2.30 births per woman and 15.6 million abortions performed, with an abortion rate of 47.0 abortions per 1000 women aged between 15 and 49 years. With high abortions rates follows a high number of unintended pregnancies, with a rate of 70.1 unintended pregnancies per 1000 women aged 15–49 years. Overall, the abortions occurring in India make up for one third of pregnancies and out of all pregnancies occurring, almost half were not planned. On

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1034-503: The British more than a century ago. It is located 50 km from the state capital. 23°04′12″N 85°16′48″E  /  23.07000°N 85.28000°E  / 23.07000; 85.28000 Family planning in India Family planning in India is based on efforts largely sponsored by the Indian government. From 1965 to 2009, contraceptive usage has more than tripled (from 13% of married women in 1970 to 48% in 2009) and

1081-470: The Indian Government should take up a population control programme, but was met with opposition. Mahatma Gandhi was the main opponent of birth control. His opposition was the result of his belief that self-control is the best contraceptive. However, Periyar's views were strikingly different from that of Gandhi. He saw birth control as a means for women to control their own lives. In 1952, India became

1128-548: The NRHM aims to push India towards the Millennium Development Goal targets for reproductive health. Raghunath Dhondo Karve published a Marathi-language magazine Samaj Swasthya (समाज स्वास्थ्य) starting from July 1927 until 1953. In it, he continually discussed issues of society's well-being involving population control through use of contraceptives. He explained the use of contraception would help prevent unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. Karve proposed that

1175-465: The average replacement rate yet. The average replacement rate is 2.1. (This rate is said to stabilize a population) Replacement rate can be defined as the rate at which the population exactly replaces itself. Factoring in infant mortality , the replacement rate is approximately 2.1 in most industrialised nations and about 2.5 in developing nations (due to higher mortality). The fertility rates in India have dropped rapidly in rural areas, but are dropping at

1222-542: The centre of activity of the Birsa movement. It is the part of State Capital Region (SCR). The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor . In ancient site of Saridkel , burnt bricks houses, red ware pottery, copper tools, coins and iron tools found which are belongs to early centuries CE. Khunti district has one sub-division and 6 blocks. The district is headed by Deputy Commissioner (DC) . The Khunti sub-division

1269-715: The community, if one were to exceed the limit of two children while employed, they would be terminated from the job. Non-politicians may also receive consequences to exceed the two child limit, the government begins to withhold health care, government rights, face jail and, fees. Progress on reproductive health and family planning has been limited. As of 2016, India's infant mortality rate is 34.6 per 1000 livebirths, and as of 2015, maternal mortality sits at 174 per 100,000 livebirths. Leading causes of maternal mortality include hemorrhage, sepsis, complications of abortion, and hypertensive disorders, and infection, premature birth, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, and diarrhea for infants. In 2005,

1316-407: The course of this period, preferred birth control methods shifted from the rhythm method eventually to a focus on sterilization and IUDs . Since the beginning, India's family planning program was marred by a "vertical approach" rather than working on additional factors. These factors affecting population growth include poverty, education, public health care. Owing to the foreign aid flowing in for

1363-785: The decade 2001-2011 was 21.96%. Khunti has a sex ratio of 994 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 63.86%. 8.46% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes collectively account for 77.77% (SC 4.52% and ST 73.25%) of the district's total population. The prominent communities in this group, in terms of the district's total population, was Munda (61.28%), Oraon (6.24%), Lohra (2.82%), Ghasi (1.46%), Pan/Sawasi (0.96%), Bhogta (0.85%), Chik Baraik (0.48%), Mahli (0.34%), Turi (0.3%), and Dhobi (0.22%). Additionally, communities such as Dom, Binjhia , Chamar /Mochi, Santal , Bhuiya , Bedia, Kharia , Kharwar , Kora , Gorait, Ho , and Musahar also has populations ranging between one thousand to

1410-429: The delay of getting married and childbirth. 77% of the women who underwent sterilization had not used an alternative contraception prior to the procedure and most women were under the age of 26, who seem to have many options available in regards to protection. The preoccupation with birth limitation by India's family planning programme has meant that it has not been able to successfully reach young married women who are in

1457-528: The family planning programs, there has always been a foreign intervention in designing the family planning programs in India without assessing the actual socio-economic conditions of the country. In the early 1970s, Indira Gandhi , Prime Minister of India , had implemented a forced sterilisation programme, but failed. Officially, men with two children or more had to submit to sterilisation, but many unmarried young men, political opponents and ignorant, poor men were also believed to have been sterilised. This program

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1504-477: The family, raising the children based on Indian family practices and beliefs. Children are not encouraged to be independent or assist the family from an early age, rather the family expects to support and provide for the child until they reach adolescence. Multiple Indian states have adopted a limited two-child policy . The policies are implemented by prohibiting persons with more than two children from serving in government. The most recent policy to be implemented

1551-421: The fertility rate has more than halved (from 5.7 in 1966 to 2.4 in 2012), but the national fertility rate in absolute numbers remains high, causing concern for long-term population growth. India adds up to 1,000,000 people to its population every 20 days. Extensive family planning has become a priority in an effort to curb the projected population of two billion by the end of the twenty-first century. In 2016,

1598-554: The first country in the developing world to create a state-sponsored family planning program, the National Family Planning Program. The program's primary objectives were to lower fertility rates and slow population growth as a means to propel economic development . The program was based on five guiding principles: The program was tied to a series of five year plans aimed at economic growth and restructuring which were carried out over 28 years, from 1952 to 1979. Over

1645-571: The following table. India carries a pronatalist attitude towards fertility, with the large family structure creating an environment for new children to learn and grow in Indian culture. In many parts of India, male children are favored over female children, however efforts are being taken to change this attitude. Males are raised to be assertive and independent figures, while females are raised to put others before themselves, particularly their family. Families tend to encourage childbearing and expect to provide an environment of support for any new members of

1692-479: The number of new births under control allows for less population growth. With less population growth this will allow for more resources towards those already existing in the Indian population, with more resources comes longer life expectancy and better health. India's current fertility rate as of 2016, is 2.3 births per woman. The fertility rate (average number of children born per woman during her lifetime) in India has been declining, though it has still not reached

1739-582: The old Singhbhum District bifurcated in 1990. With 9 community development blocks the Eastern part became East Singhbhum district with Jamshedpur as its headquarters and with remaining 23 blocks the larger Western part became West Singhbhum district with Chaibasa as its headquarters. In 2001 West Singhbhum again divided into two parts. With 8 blocks Saraikela-Kharsawan district came into existence. At present West Singhbhum remains with 18 blocks and three administrative sub-divisions. There are several accounts relating to

1786-455: The origin of the name of the district: It is currently a part of the Red Corridor . "The Singhbhum region is possibly Earth's earliest continental land exposed to the air...." Priyadarshi Chowdhury, a geologist at Australia's Monash University is an interesting recent discovery. West Singhbhum district forms the Southern part of the newly created Jharkhand state and is the largest district in

1833-547: The primary factor that help in population stabilisation, but they are improving relatively slowly: a 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at the current rate of progress. In 2015, there was an average 58% of women who used contraceptives, with female sterilization still being the most preferred and favored among 91% of women. Higher rates of sterilization are seen among women who hold less education than those with more education. Those with higher education have lower rates due to

1880-408: The process of building their family and enable them to meet their family planning intentions. According to Family Planning 2020, in 2017 there were 136,569,000 women using modern method contraception which prevented: 39,170,000 unintended pregnancies, 11,966,000 unsafe abortions, and 42,000 maternal deaths due to family planning. In 2012, India's modern contraception prevalence rate among all women

1927-432: The program had been estimated to have averted 16.8 crore births. This is due in part to government intervention which established many clinics as well as the enforcement of fines for those who avoided family planning. Additionally, there was high variance between regions in the use of family planning. However, maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates remain high along with the number of unsafe abortions, and little

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1974-470: The space between children born to one woman. Although India is dealing with major overpopulation issues, the fertility rate and the overall population is declining. The fertility rate in India has been in long-term decline, and more than halved from 1960 to 2009. From 5.7 births per woman in 1966, it declined to 3.3 births per woman by 1997 and 2.7 births per woman in 2009. In 2005 the TFR, (total fertility rate),

2021-438: The state. The district spreads from 21.97°N to 23.60°N and from 85.00°E to 86.90°E. The district is situated at an average height of 244 metres above sea level and covers an area of 7629.679  km. The district is covered with hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, and deep forests on the mountain slopes. It contains some of the best Sal tree forests and the famous Saranda forest . There are plenty of waterfalls and

2068-463: The workforce have helped lower fertility rates in many Indian cities. The objectives of the program are positioned towards achieving the goals stated in several policy documents. While India is improving in fertility rates, there are still areas of India that maintain much higher fertility rates. In 2017, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched Mission Pariwar Vikas, a central family planning initiative. The key strategic focus of this initiative

2115-482: Was 39.2, in 2017 it was 39.57, and in 2020 is predicted to rise to 40.87. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for formulating and executing family planning in India. An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services in India. In addition to the newly implemented government campaign, improved healthcare facilities, increased education for women, and higher participation among women in

2162-489: Was by Assam in 2017. Some states have repealed policies; Chhattisgarh introduced a policy in 2001 and repealed it in 2005. A criticism of these policies is that it decreases the number of women in government positions, and encourages sex-selective abortions . The policy was geared mainly towards politicians, future and aspiring, to limit their number of children to two or less. Those who held politicians have stricter policies in hopes that they will set an example for

2209-488: Was listed as 2.9 births per women. Since this time, the country has recorded a steady decline in order to reach the current rate (as of 2014) of 2.3 births per woman. Twenty Indian states have dipped below the 2.1 replacement rate level and are no longer contributing to Indian population growth. The total fertility rate of India stands at 2.2 as of 2017. Four Indian states have fertility rates above 3.5 - Bihar , Uttar Pradesh , Meghalaya and Nagaland Of these, Bihar has

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