133-649: Wentworthville is a suburb in Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Wentworthville is located 27 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region. Wentworthville is split between the local government areas of the City of Parramatta and the Cumberland Council . Wentworthville is colloquially known as 'Wenty'. The Dharug of Durag peoples are
266-514: A belief summed up in a housing poster of the period "you cannot expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" – referring to military fitness classifications of the period. The committee's report of 1917 was taken up by the government, which passed the Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 , also known as the Addison Act after Christopher Addison , the then Minister for Housing. The Act allowed for
399-573: A city or town or to a separate municipality or unincorporated area outside a town or city. Although a majority of Americans regard themselves as residents of suburban communities, the federal government of the United States has no formal definition for what constitutes a suburb in the United States, leaving its precise meaning disputed. In Canada, the term may also be used in the British sense, especially as cities annex formerly outlying areas. In
532-546: A city's expansion, such as Ealing , Bromley , and Guiseley . In Ireland, this can be seen in the Dublin suburban areas of Swords, Blanchardstown , and Tallaght . The history of suburbia is part of the study of urban history , which focuses on the origins, growth, diverse typologies, culture, and politics of suburbs, as well as on the gendered and family-oriented nature of suburban space. Many people have assumed that early-20th-century suburbs were enclaves for middle-class whites,
665-404: A component of these newly designed suburbs which were booming in population. The television helped contribute to the rise of shopping centers by allowing for additional advertisement through the medium in addition to creating a desire among consumers to buy products that are shown being used in suburban life on various television programs. Another factor that led to the rise of these shopping centers
798-475: A concept that carries tremendous cultural influence yet is actually stereotypical. Some suburbs are based on a society of working-class and minority residents, many of whom want to own their own house. Meanwhile, other suburbs instituted "explicitly racist" policies to deter people deemed as "other", a practice most common in the United States in contrast to other countries around the world. Mary Corbin Sies argues that it
931-531: A dual carriageway 3 km deviation was opened at Prospect. This replaced the only winding section of the Highway between Parramatta and Penrith. The bypassed section was heritage-listed in 2014 as the best-preserved section of the 1818 alignment. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s the highway was almost entirely realigned and constructed to three lanes, being deviated as necessary, between Kirkconnell and Glanmire. Ironically this included reinstatement of most of
1064-559: A further distance from them. In Japan, the construction of suburbs has boomed since the end of World War II and many cities are experiencing the urban sprawl effect. In Mexico, suburbs are generally similar to their United States counterparts. Houses are made in many different architectural styles which may be of European, American and International architecture and which vary in size. Suburbs can be found in Guadalajara , Mexico City, Monterrey , and most major cities. Lomas de Chapultepec
1197-1006: A high of nearly two-thirds of Calgary CMA residents (67%), to a low of about one-third of Montréal CMA residents (34%). Large cities in Canada acquired streetcar suburbs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modern Canadian suburbs tend to be less automobile-centric than those in the United States, and public transit use is encouraged but can be notably unused. Throughout Canada, there are comprehensive plans in place to curb sprawl. Population and income growth in Canadian suburbs had tended to outpace growth in core urban or rural areas, but in many areas, this trend has now reversed. The suburban population increased by 87% between 1981 and 2001, well ahead of urban growth. The majority of recent population growth in Canada's three largest metropolitan areas ( Greater Toronto , Greater Montréal, and Greater Vancouver ) has occurred in non-core municipalities. This trend
1330-596: A large city. Suburbs can have their own political or legal jurisdictions, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom, where most suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities. In most English-speaking countries , suburban areas are defined in contrast to central city or inner city areas, but in Australian English and South African English , suburb has become largely synonymous with what
1463-588: A large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries, as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. In general, they are less densely populated than inner city neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely commute to city centers or business districts via private vehicles or public transits ; however, there are many exceptions, including industrial suburbs , planned communities , and satellite cities . Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land. The English word
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#17328561159941596-471: A large stand–alone house. In the suburbs, where stand–alone houses are the rule, lots may be 85 feet (26 m) wide by 115 feet (35 m) deep, as in the Chicago suburb of Naperville . Manufacturing and commercial buildings were segregated in other areas of the city. Alongside suburbanization, many companies began locating their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities, which resulted in
1729-577: A major intersection at Homebush West with the A3 arterial road. Although the A3 road is called "Centenary Drive" in this area, the on-/off-ramps are separately named Marlborough Road, carrying on the name of the surface road that was replaced by Centenary Drive. Further west, on the boundary between Lidcombe and Auburn , the highway intersects the A6 arterial road (St Hillier's Road / Silverwater Road). Just south of Parramatta,
1862-550: A meeting point for those who lived within suburban America at this time. These centers thrived offering goods and services to the growing populations in suburban America. In 1957, 940 shopping centers were built and this number more than doubled by 1960 to keep up with the demand of these densely populated areas. Very little housing had been built during the Great Depression and World War II , except for emergency quarters near war industries. Overcrowded and inadequate apartments
1995-435: A modern home in beautiful countryside with a fast railway-service to central London. By 1915 people from across London had flocked to live the new suburban dream in large newly built areas across north-west London. Suburbanization in the interwar period was heavily influenced by the garden city movement of Ebenezer Howard and the creation of the first garden suburbs at the turn of the 20th century. The first garden suburb
2128-460: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: Wentworthville has two shopping precincts. The larger, older precinct sits on the Cumberland Council side of Wentworthville railway station (the other side of the railway is part of City of Parramatta Council local government area and is mainly zoned residential). A Supa IGA (formerly Franklins ) dominated Wentworthville Mall Shopping Centre until late 2017 when it closed. The newer commercial centre
2261-518: A passage for the road. It is a testimony of Mitchell's vision and engineering skill that this route, almost unchanged, and using his 1832 stonework, is still in use. Because this pass brought the road into the Hartley Valley several kilometres south of the Mount York descent, it necessitated a new route as far west as Hartley to meet Cox's Road. This also is still in use as part of the highway. In 1929
2394-507: A phenomenon known as white flight . After World War II, the availability of FHA loans stimulated a housing boom in American suburbs. In the older cities of the northeast U.S., streetcar suburbs originally developed along train or trolley lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. This practice gave rise to the term " bedroom community ", meaning that most daytime business activity took place in
2527-472: A point 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of O'Connell . From here it continued westward, not crossing the Fish River, but crossing Campbells River 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) north of the present bridge at The Lagoon and ascending to another ridgeline where it turned north to Gormans Hill, to reach the future site of Bathurst from the south, not the east. For the first one hundred years after this ceased to be
2660-435: A problem of public order (keeping the unwelcome poorest classes together with the criminals, in this way better controlled, comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town. Other newer suburbs (called exurbs ) were created at
2793-590: A series of expeditions in 1788, one of which is recorded in April 1788 would have passed through what is now Wentworthville. The towns of Parramatta and Toongabbie (spelt at the time “Toongabbee”) were established as early settlements in 1788. James Ruse was the first person to officially be granted land in 1791. The land parcels included around the Parramatta area, paving the way for future developments and land grants. D’Arcy Wentworth received land grants to assist with
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#17328561159942926-473: A settled life moved in masses to the suburbs. Levittown developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing. Due to the influx of people in these suburban areas, the amount of shopping centers began to increase as suburban America took shape. These malls helped supply goods and services to the growing urban population. Shopping for different goods and services in one central location without having to travel to multiple locations, helped to keep shopping centers
3059-575: A short distance further west the majority of traffic is diverted off the highway onto M4 Western Motorway via the WestConnex tunnel at Ashfield. A short distance further west, on the northern fringes of Ashfield, the City West Link arterial road ends at a major junction with the highway at Frederick Street (which proceeds south to join Hume Highway). The highway continues west as Parramatta Road, with
3192-474: A similar route to Victoria Pass, but below it. It was more winding and thus longer, thereby affording a less steep climb. However rapid improvements in motor vehicle performance meant that in 1920 Victoria Pass was rebuilt to become the main route again. After the ascent of the eastern escarpment by the Main Western Railway was deviated for the second time in 1913 to its current route via Glenbrook Gorge,
3325-573: A total price of $ 10,000. Veterans could get one with a much lower down payment. At the same time, African Americans were rapidly moving north and west for better jobs and educational opportunities than were available to them in the segregated South. Their arrival in Northern and Western cities en masse, in addition to being followed by race riots in several large cities such as Philadelphia , Los Angeles , Detroit , Chicago , and Washington, D.C. , further stimulated white suburban migration. The growth of
3458-577: Is a 202-kilometre-long (126 mi) state highway in New South Wales , Australia. From east to west, the highway links Sydney with Bathurst , on the state's Central Tablelands . The highway also has local road names between the Sydney city centre and Parramatta , being: Broadway from Haymarket to Chippendale , Parramatta Road from Chippendale to Parramatta, and Church Street through Parramatta. The eastern terminus of Great Western Highway
3591-601: Is a distinct European style originating from European influence during the mid-1600s when the Dutch settled the Cape. Houses like these are called Cape Dutch Houses and can be found in the affluent suburbs of Constantia and Bishopscourt . Large cities like Sydney and Melbourne had streetcar suburbs in the tram era. With the automobile, the Australian usage came about as outer areas were quickly surrounded in fast-growing cities, but retained
3724-545: Is also beginning to take effect in Vancouver , and to a lesser extent, Montréal . In certain cities, particularly Edmonton and Calgary , suburban growth takes place within the city boundaries as opposed to in bedroom communities. This is due to annexation and a large geographic footprint within the city borders. Calgary is unusual among Canadian cities because it has developed as a unicity – it has annexed most of its surrounding towns and large amounts of undeveloped land around
3857-948: Is an example of an affluent suburb, although it is located inside the city and by no means is today a suburb in the strict sense of the word. In other countries, the situation is similar to that of Mexico, with many suburbs being built, most notably in Peru and Chile, which have experienced a boom in the construction of suburbs since the late 1970s and early 1980s. As the growth of middle-class and upper-class suburbs increased, low-class squatter areas have increased, most notably "lost cities" in Mexico, campamentos in Chile, barriadas in Peru, villa miserias in Argentina, asentamientos in Guatemala and favelas of Brazil. Great Western Highway Great Western Highway
3990-441: Is an urbanized nation where over 80% of the population lives in urban areas (loosely defined), and roughly two-thirds live in one of Canada's 33 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) with a population of over 100,000. However, of this metropolitan population, in 2001 nearly half lived in low-density neighborhoods, with only one in five living in a typical "urban" neighborhood. The percentage living in low-density neighborhoods varied from
4123-513: Is at Railway Square , at the intersection of Broadway with Quay Street, in the inner-city suburb of Haymarket and just south of the Sydney CBD . From Railway Square, the highway follows Broadway south and west, to the intersection with City Road ( Princes Highway ), where the highway changes name to Parramatta Road and heads generally west towards Parramatta . Hume Highway (Liverpool Road) branches south-west at Summer Hill / Ashfield , and
Wentworthville, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
4256-455: Is called a " neighborhood " in the U.S. Due in part to historical trends such as white flight , some suburbs in the United States have a higher population and higher incomes than their nearby inner cities. In some countries, including India, China, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and parts of the United States, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities due to urban sprawl . In others, such as Morocco , France, and much of
4389-801: Is derived from the Old French subburbe , which is in turn derived from the Latin suburbium , formed from sub (meaning "under" or "below") and urbs ("city"). The first recorded use of the term in English according to the Oxford English Dictionary appears in Middle English c. 1350 in the manuscript of the Midlands Prose Psalter, in which the form suburbes is used. In Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, suburban areas (in
4522-641: Is joined by the Chifley Road, which links eastward back to Bells Line of Road. The highway continues generally west, intersecting with Castlereagh Highway west of Marrangaroo , and crosses Coxs River to ascend the Great Dividing Range to reach its highest point (at 1,170 metres (3,840 ft) just east of Yetholme ) and over the western ridge of the Sydney basin before dropping into the Macquarie Valley to reach its western terminus at Bathurst, at
4655-407: Is necessary to examine how "suburb" is defined as well as the distinction made between cities and suburbs, geography, economic circumstances, and the interaction of numerous factors that move research beyond acceptance of stereotyping and its influence on scholarly assumptions. The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements. Large walled towns tended to be
4788-675: Is not drawn on the 1902 Parish of at John map but was likely to be in existence. The Westmead station is included and the Fullagar estates around Westmead on this map. The 1902 map of the Parish of St John shows the Darcyville estate as including the area around the Wentworthville train station including Railway St and Short St on the other side of Hart Drive. An early map shows the Darcyville estate subdivision plan to encourage growth and development in
4921-541: Is now Greystanes i.e. on the corner of Ettalong Road and the Western Road (now the Great Western Highway ). Fullagar also opened a cattle saleyard which became one of the principal ones for the colony. His family's estate "Essington House" (Westmead) is now the site of a Christian school. Sales of the Fullagar estates lead to more individual and family ownership in the area. In 2007 the boundaries were redrawn and
5054-469: Is now known as Victoria Pass, where the highway drops from the Blue Mountains into the Hartley Valley. Midway down the road had to be supported on a causeway formed by massive stone buttressed walls, where a narrow ridge connects two large bluffs. This ridge had to be widened and raised to give the highway a route from the upper to the lower bluff. Mitchell cut terraces into the sides of these bluffs to form
5187-524: Is now only used by local traffic to access residential properties. Mitchells Pass, travelling is now one way eastbound between Lennox Bridge and the highway, due to its narrowness. Great Western Highway traffic therefore has to use the M4 between Russell St and Governors Drive. A major realignment west from Mount Boyce (the highest point on the highway) to eliminate the Soldiers Pinch and other nearby sharp curves
5320-428: Is on the Great Western Highway . It is dominated by Woolworths . Initially Woolworths operated in the main shopping precinct, but new premises were obtained at their present location in the late 1980s. An Aldi sits on the other side of the Highway which is part of South Wentworthville. For many years shopping tours were conducted to the Wentworthville area for the factory-outlets selling their products directly to
5453-567: Is on the North Shore & Western Line of the Sydney Trains network that connects west to Penrith and Richmond . After reaching the city, most trains continue north to North Sydney , Chatswood , Hornsby and Berowra . The station is also serviced by the Cumberland Line linking Richmond to Leppington . The trip to Sydney CBD typically takes 35 minutes. The Wentworthville station
Wentworthville, New South Wales - Misplaced Pages Continue
5586-552: Is still in use today as part of the Great Western Highway. West of Mount Victoria, Evans' route has been superseded, chiefly by Mitchell's new route constructed between 1832 and 1836. Between present-day Flemington and Dog Trap Road (now Woodville Road), Parramatta Road travelled in a wide arc up to 1.25 miles (2.01 km) south of the present route, to avoid marshy areas around Haslams Creek and Duck River . Continuing due west from Flemington, it crossed Duck River near
5719-526: The Blue Mountains and, Wentworth in far western New South Wales , were named after the Wentworth family. A land grant of 2000 acres (8 km) in this area was made in 1810 to D'Arcy Wentworth , the father of William Wentworth , the famous Australian explorer, barrister, newspaper publisher, politician and landowner. See the Parramatta council site for more references to street names Wentworthville has
5852-572: The FNB ("Soccer City") Stadium and south of the city in areas like Eikenhof, where the "Eye of Africa" planned community exists. This master-planned community is nearly indistinguishable from the most amenity-rich resort-style American suburbs in Florida, Arizona, and California, complete with a golf course, resort pool, equestrian facility , 24-hour staffed gates, gym, and BMX track, as well as several tennis, basketball, and volleyball courts. In Cape Town, there
5985-648: The Hampstead Garden Suburb . The suburb attracted the talents of architects including Raymond Unwin and Sir Edwin Lutyens , and it ultimately grew to encompass over 800 acres. During World War I, the Tudor Walters Committee was commissioned to make recommendations for the post war reconstruction and housebuilding. In part, this was a response to the shocking lack of fitness amongst many recruits during World War One, attributed to poor living conditions;
6118-518: The Jim Beam Cup and the NSW Cup (winning the 2008 NSW Cup), though the nearest NRL team is the nearby Parramatta Eels . 33°48′25″S 150°58′21″E / 33.80694°S 150.97250°E / -33.80694; 150.97250 Suburb A suburb (more broadly suburban area ) is an area within a metropolitan area which is predominantly residential and within commuting distance of
6251-556: The Main Roads Board deviated the route north from Old Bowenfels to Marrangaroo, using Trunk Road 55 (Mudgee Road, today Castlereagh Highway ). From Marrangaroo a new road was built westward, running south of Wallerawang to meet Mitchell's 1830 deviation immediately east of Mount Lambie. This route avoids the long, steep gradients either side of Cox's River, which were the main drawback of Mitchell's route. Great Western Highway today therefore consists of Parramatta Road to Parramatta,
6384-638: The Roads Act of 1993 updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, Great Western Highway today retains its declaration as Highway 5, from the intersection of Broadway and Quay Streets at Railway Square in Haymarket to the interchange with M4 Western Motorway at Leonay, then from the end of Western Motorway at the interchange with Governors Drive at Lapstone to Bathurst. The first recorded major improvement to
6517-499: The colony's most important early roadways, and for many years remained one of Sydney's premier thoroughfares. By 1810, Parramatta Road had officially open to traffic and was financed during a large portion of the 1800s by a toll , with toll booths located at what now is Sydney University and the Duck River . From Parramatta to Penrith, a road along the current alignment of the Great Western Highway (except at Prospect and Penrith)
6650-403: The inner cities of the U.S. Examples include the banlieues of France, or the concrete suburbs of Sweden, even if the suburbs of these countries also include middle-class and upper-class neighborhoods that often consist of single-family houses . Following the growth of the middle class due to African industrialization, the development of middle class suburbs has boomed since the beginning of
6783-467: The railway station , whereas the original alignment crossed the railway via a level crossing at the north end of Katoomba Street and ran along the western side of the railway. Immediately west of where the highway now crosses the railway due to this deviation, the highway was realigned over a distance of 1 km in 2004 to remove the sharp bend at 'Shell Corner'. In Bathurst, the Denison Bridge (1870)
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#17328561159946916-485: The 1850s and eventually became a component of the Australian Dream . Toward the end of the century, with the development of public transit systems such as the underground railways , trams and buses, it became possible for the majority of a city's population to reside outside the city and to commute into the center for work. By the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as
7049-399: The 1867 Victoria Bridge . At Leonay , M4 Western Motorway reconnects with the highway as it begins its ascent into the Blue Mountains . It intersects with Darling Causeway at Mount Victoria which heads north to connect with Bells Line of Road . From Mount Victoria, the highway descends via Victoria Pass into the Hartley Valley and then passes through the western suburbs of Lithgow where it
7182-603: The 1930s through 1945, there were 1,450,000 constructed annually from 1946 through 1955. The G.I. Bill guaranteed low-cost loans for veterans, with very low down payments, and low interest rates. With 16 million eligible veterans, the opportunity to buy a house was suddenly at hand. In 1947 alone, 540,000 veterans bought one; their average price was $ 7300. The construction industry kept prices low by standardization—for example, standardizing sizes for kitchen cabinets, refrigerators and stoves allowed for mass production of kitchen furnishings. Developers purchased empty land just outside
7315-434: The 1990s, particularly in cities such as Cairo , Nairobi , Johannesburg , and Lagos . In an illustrative case of South Africa, RDP housing has been built. In much of Soweto , many houses are American in appearance, but are smaller, and often consist of a kitchen and living room, two or three bedrooms, and a bathroom. However, there are more affluent neighborhoods, more comparable to American suburbs, particularly east of
7448-523: The Blue Mountains. The existence of other, less direct routes had been known as far back as 1797, but due to the need to prevent convicts from believing that escape from the hemmed-in Sydney region was possible, knowledge of the expeditions confirming the existence of routes across the Blue Mountains was suppressed. Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth travelled as far west as the point they named Mount Blaxland , 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of where Lithgow now stands. From this point they were able to see that
7581-575: The Grand Central Terminal commuter hub that enabled its development. Westchester's true importance in the history of American suburbanization derives from the upper-middle class development of villages including Scarsdale , New Rochelle and Rye serving thousands of businessmen and executives from Manhattan. The suburban population in North America exploded during the post-World War II economic expansion . Returning veterans wishing to start
7714-661: The Great Western Road to Emu Plains, Coxs Road to Hartley (other than Mitchell's deviations at Lapstone and Mount York), Mitchell's route from Hartley to Old Bowenfels, the Main Roads Board route from Old Bowenfels to Mount Lambie, Mitchell's road from Mount Lambie to Kelso, and McBrian's road from Kelso to central Bathurst. The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924 through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for
7847-497: The Great Western Road was also deviated at this point for a second time in 1926 by the then Main Roads Board, which rerouted it via the disused 1867 stone arch railway viaduct across Knapsack Gully and around the southern side of Lapstone Hill to gain the first plateau in the ascent of the Blue Mountains. As this viaduct had held only a single railway track, its deck was widened in 1939 to its present two lane configuration. The viaduct
7980-646: The Hart family was constructed and is still visible today from Wentworth Avenue. Down from Castrella , next door is the historic house where the Tralee Gardens Preschool Centre is located. You can find these historic houses towards the top of the hill in Wentworth Avenue or by looking to the left of (City bound) from the train window about halfway between Pendle hill and Wentworthville stations. The T. R. Smith's Platform or “Wentworthville” train station
8113-476: The U.S., the development of the skyscraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses, thus pushing residents outside the city center. While suburbs are often associated with the middle classes, in many parts of the developed world, suburbs can be economically distressed areas, inhabited by higher proportions of recent immigrants, with higher delinquency rates and social problems, reminiscent of
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#17328561159948246-440: The United Kingdom and Ireland, the term suburb simply refers to a residential area outside the city center, regardless of administrative boundaries. Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city center. In large cities such as London and Leeds, many suburbs are formerly separate towns and villages that have been absorbed during
8379-468: The United States, many suburbs remain separate municipalities or are governed locally as part of a larger metropolitan area such as a county, district or borough . In the United States, regions beyond the suburbs are known as "exurban areas" or exurbs ; exurbs have less population density than suburbs, but still more than rural areas. Suburbs and exurbs are sometimes linked to the nearby city economically, particularly by commuters. Suburbs first emerged on
8512-426: The Wentworthville area (north of the train line between today’s Toongabbie station and Hart Road). Darcyville included the area around Wentworthville station to the north and west. Part of the modern suburb of Wentworthville was Lot 12 of division 8 of the 2nd subdivision was purchased by William Hart (Junior) of the timber and building company Hitchcock and Co. In 1888 the historic house of “ Castrella ” belonging to
8645-515: The Western Freeway/Motorway from the 1970s, the definition of Great Western Highway as State Highway 5 outside inner Sydney remained virtually untouched, until the western extension of Western Freeway from Emu Plains to Lapstone in June 1993, resulting in a roughly-2km gap between the beginning of the motorway and the interchange with Russell Street where the highway recommences. The passing of
8778-781: The appellation suburb ; the term was eventually applied to neighborhoods in the original core as well. In Australia, Sydney's urban sprawl has occurred predominantly in the Western Suburbs . The locality of Olympic Park was designated an official suburb in 2009. Bangladesh has multiple suburbs, Uttara & Ashulia to name a few. However, most suburbs in Dhaka are different from the ones in Europe & Americas . Most suburbs in Bangladesh are filled with high-rise buildings, paddy fields, and farms, and are designed more like rural villages. Canada
8911-521: The approaches to Bathurst. This route turned north 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of O'Connell to run northwest to where Kelso is now located, then west across the Macquarie River into Bathurst. The section from south of O'Connell to Kelso is now part of the Bathurst-Oberon Road, and from Kelso into central Bathurst still remains as part of Great Western Highway. When Major Thomas Mitchell
9044-400: The area. The 1918 map shows business sites nearby to the Wentworthville station available for sale. More residential sites near the station were available in 1919. With more residents and more businesses in the area, Wentworthville was growing. The Fullagar estates were large around Westmead and include parts of what we now call Wentworthville. William Fullagar established the Star Inn in what
9177-437: The building of large new housing estates in the suburbs after the First World War , and marked the start of a long 20th century tradition of state-owned housing, which would later evolve into council estates . The Report also legislated on the required, minimum standards necessary for further suburban construction; this included regulation on the maximum housing density and their arrangement, and it even made recommendations on
9310-425: The city (then the largest in the world) became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst for suburban growth was the opening of the Metropolitan Railway in the 1860s. The line later joined the capital's financial heart in the City to what were to become the suburbs of Middlesex . The line reached Harrow in 1880. Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, London's Met
9443-412: The city, installed tract houses based on a handful of designs, and provided streets and utilities, while local public officials raced to build schools. The most famous development was Levittown, in Long Island just east of New York City. It offered a new house for $ 1000 down and $ 70 a month; it featured three bedrooms, a fireplace, a gas range and gas furnace, and a landscaped lot of 75 by 100 feet, all for
9576-717: The city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep. Economic growth in the United States encouraged the suburbanization of American cities that required massive investments for the new infrastructure and homes. Consumer patterns were also shifting at this time, as purchasing power was becoming stronger and more accessible to a wider range of families. Suburban houses also brought about needs for products that were not needed in urban neighborhoods, such as lawnmowers and automobiles. During this time commercial shopping malls were being developed near suburbs to satisfy consumers' needs and their car–dependent lifestyle. Zoning laws also contributed to
9709-618: The city. As a result, most of the communities that Calgarians refer to as "suburbs" are actually inside the city limits. In the 2016 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,239,220, whereas the Calgary Metropolitan Area had a population of 1,392,609, indicating the vast majority of people in the Calgary CMA lived within the city limits. The perceived low population density of Calgary largely results from its many internal suburbs and
9842-684: The declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (later Transport for NSW ). Great Western Highway was declared (as Main Road No. 5) on 8 August 1928, from the interchange with Parramatta Road and City Road in the City of Sydney, via Penrith, Katoomba, and Lithgow to Bathurst; with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929 to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this
9975-515: The descent of Mount York, down the western side of the Blue Mountains. In improving the eastern ascent Mitchell adhered largely to Cox's route, which follows the southern side of an east-falling gully to reach the plateau at where Blaxland is now located. However, he engaged Scottish engineer David Lennox to build a stone arch bridge, now the Lennox Bridge , across the mouth of a particularly deep side gully. This route, known as Mitchell's Pass,
10108-455: The era, was heavily influenced by the Art Deco movement, taking influence from Tudor Revival , chalet style , and even ship design. Within just a decade suburbs dramatically increased in size. Harrow Weald went from just 1,500 to over 10,000 while Pinner jumped from 3,000 to over 20,000. During the 1930s, over 4 million new suburban houses were built, the 'suburban revolution' had made England
10241-554: The first suburban districts sprung up around downtowns to accommodate those who wanted to escape the squalid conditions of the industrial towns. Initially, such growth came along rail lines in the form of ribbon developments , as suburban residents could commute via train to downtown for work. In Australia, where Melbourne would soon become the second-largest city in the British Empire, the distinctively Australasian suburb, with its loosely aggregated quarter-acre sections, developed in
10374-507: The focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the market town . The word suburbani was first employed by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas and estates built by the wealthy patricians of Rome on the city's outskirts. Towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty , until 190 AD, when Dong Zhuo razed the city, the capital Luoyang
10507-532: The following routes The M4 Western Motorway and the parallel Great Western Highway run east–west through the southern side. The Cumberland Highway runs through the western side of Wentworthville on its way south (from Hornsby via the Pennant Hills Road to Liverpool ). Wentworthville is home to local rugby league team the Wentworthville Magpies (feeder club for Parramatta Eels), who play in
10640-543: The food needs of the growing Sydney Colony. He was a medical surgeon, a colonial and landowner, encouraging public farming as well as private merchant farming and supervised much of the development and activities in Western Sydney. Some time after the death of Mr D'Arcy Wentworth , the Darcyville estate was progressively divided up (from approx. 1885 onwards) by various auctions and subdivisions. Prior to this, Wentworthville
10773-477: The highway between Leonay and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Katoomba, generally working westward. This work incorporated the dual carriageway Springwood bypass, opened in 1967. West of Katoomba, there is a further 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) of dual carriageway on the River Lett Hill, and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of dual carriageway from Magpie Hollow Road at Old Bowenfels to Lidsdale State Forest. This
10906-468: The highway meets Woodville Road and continues west onto an on-ramp for M4 Western Motorway, while the highway-designated route turns sharply to the north along Church Street, before turning west again at the southern fringe of the Parramatta central business district, continuing west across western metropolitan Sydney to Penrith , north of the central business district, where it crosses the Nepean River via
11039-560: The highway reverts to a four lane undivided configuration through Penrith shopping centre, widens to six lanes at the Castlereagh Road intersection, reverts to two lanes west from Castlereagh Road to Russell Street, and is then four lanes undivided with sealed shoulders from Russell Street to the base of Mitchells Pass, where it has been truncated. Between 1981 and 2015 the NSW Government Roads & Maritime Services duplicated
11172-495: The ideal number of bedrooms and other rooms per house. Although the semi-detached house was first designed by the Shaws (a father and son architectural partnership) in the 19th century, it was during the suburban housing boom of the interwar period that the design first proliferated as a suburban icon, being preferred by middle-class home owners to the smaller terraced houses . The design of many of these houses, highly characteristic of
11305-417: The increased density of older suburbs and the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities. Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the garden city movement. In the U.S., 1950 was the first year that more people lived in suburbs than elsewhere. In
11438-598: The junction of the Mitchell and Mid-Western Highways . At numerous points along its journey, the highway transverses or is transversed by the Main Western railway line . Major river crossings occur east of Emu Plains (Nepean), near Wallerawang (Coxs), and east of Bathurst ( Macquarie ). It consists of two of Australia's most historic roads – Parramatta Road, and the full length of the former Great Western Road, from Parramatta to Bathurst. Initial travel between Sydney and
11571-490: The lack of sunlight. In the early 1960s the highway was deviated east of Leura to cross under the railway at Scott Parade (which was itself part of the former highway route) and run along the north side of the railway to rejoin the previous route at Leura Mall. In 1967, the highway was deviated to bypass Springwood shopping centre, eliminating two narrow underpasses of the railway from the highway route. The previous route remain in use for local traffic as Macquarie Road. In 1968
11704-771: The large amount of undeveloped land within the city. The city actually has a policy of densifying its new developments. In China, the term suburb is new, although suburbs are already being constructed rapidly. Chinese suburbs mostly consist of rows upon rows of apartment blocks and condos that end abruptly into the countryside. Also new town developments are extremely common. Single family suburban homes tend to be similar to their Western equivalents; although primarily outside Beijing and Shanghai, also mimic Spanish and Italian architecture. In Hong Kong, however, suburbs are mostly government-planned new towns containing numerous public housing estates. However, other new towns also contain private housing estates and low density developments for
11837-424: The location of residential areas outside of the city center by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. These suburban residences are built on larger lots of land than in the central city. For example, the lot size for a residence in Chicago is usually 125 feet (38 m) deep, while the width can vary from 14 feet (4.3 m) wide for a row house to 45 feet (14 m) wide for
11970-664: The lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term 'middle suburbs' is also used. Inner suburbs , such as Te Aro in Wellington, Eden Terrace in Auckland, Prahran in Melbourne and Ultimo in Sydney, are usually characterized by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas. In the United States and Canada , suburb can refer either to an outlying residential area of
12103-512: The most heavily suburbanized country in the world, by a considerable margin. Boston and New York City spawned the first major suburbs. The streetcar lines in Boston and the rail lines in Manhattan made daily commutes possible. No metropolitan area in the world was as well served by railroad commuter lines at the turn of the twentieth century as New York, and it was the rail lines to Westchester from
12236-464: The need to divert the railway can be gained from the gradient of the highway as it climbs west from Hare Street to Lovett Street. A number of deviations were built in 1929: In 1930 the level crossing at Bowenfels was replaced by an underpass. Victoria Pass was upgraded in 1932 to give a constant width of 8.5 m, with a minor deviation built at the foot of the pass. In 1957 a short deviation immediately west of Linden eliminated two narrow overpasses of
12369-516: The northern part of Wentworthville became the suburb of Constitution Hill . Wentworthville became its own suburb in the Greater Western Sydney region in time. Part of Wentworthville is under the local government area of the City of Parramatta and the other part of the suburb belongs to Cumberland Council. One of the borders being the train line and Wentworth Avenue North as inside Parramatta Council area. Wentworthville, Wentworth Falls in
12502-573: The original cutting. In June 1993 the highway route was severed at Emu Plains with the closure to road traffic of the Knapsack Gully Viaduct . This occurred in conjunction with the westward extension of the M4 Motorway from its terminus since 1971 at Russell Street, Emu Plains. This extension connects directly to the highway at Lapstone , bypassing the viaduct. The portion of Great Western Highway west from Russell Street to Mitchells Pass Road
12635-482: The outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest. Due to the rapid migration of the rural poor to the industrializing cities of England in the late 18th century, a trend in the opposite direction began to develop, whereby newly rich members of the middle classes began to purchase estates and villas on the outskirts of London. This trend accelerated through the 19th century, especially in cities like London and Birmingham that were growing rapidly, and
12768-401: The parts of Major Mitchell's 1830 alignment which had been deviated in 1929 to ease gradients. This work was extended eastward to Mount Lambie in stages during the late 1980s and early 1990s. A second Cox's River deviation, to replace the 1929 deviation, was completed in 1993, between Marrangaroo and Mount Lambie. At Katoomba the highway was deviated in 1985 to travel along the eastern side of
12901-489: The pre-existing road. This road remains in existence – from Mount Lambie west it remains as the route of the current highway (with deviations) but the section adjacent to Cox's River was inundated by the construction of Lake Lyell for Wallerawang Power Station in the late 1970s. Mitchell was also concerned to improve the worst sections of the road, which were the climb from the Cumberland Plain , on which Sydney sits, and
13034-428: The present Mona Street bridge, turning north near the present Granville Park to finish at George Street in Parramatta, between Pitt and Church Streets. This was deviated circa 1840 to follow the present route. Few traces of the original route remain. At Mount Victoria, at the western edge of the Blue Mountains, the route of Cox's road turned north to Mount York , from where it descended into the Hartley Valley. This pass
13167-821: The public. Bonds clothing factory in Dunmore Street sold direct to the public from their factory. Clothing factory later closed. The most common ancestries in Wentworthville were Indian 31.5%, English 8.8%, Australian 8.0%, Chinese 6.2% and Lebanese 3.2%. 29.4% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were India 35.7%, Sri Lanka 5.6%, China 3.2%, Nepal 2.4% and Philippines 2.0%. 23.2% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Tamil 11.5%, Telugu 8.6%, Hindi 7.9%, Gujarati 7.1% and Punjabi 4.8%. The most common responses for religion were Hinduism 43.2%, Catholic 14.2% and No Religion 10.8%. Wentworthville railway station
13300-494: The railway overpasses between Lapstone Hill and Mount Victoria were replaced as part of the duplication of the Main Western railway. These bridges were of brick arch construction. They were in turn replaced in the mid-1950s to obtain the necessary height clearances for overhead wiring for the electrification of the Main Western Railway from Penrith to Bowenfels. In 1912 Victoria Pass was superseded by Berghofers Pass, which followed
13433-401: The railway, both of which had right angle bend approaches from both directions. These bridges would have had to have been replaced in any event to allow for overhead wiring for the electrification to Bowenfels of the Main Western Railway. Such replacements occurred east of Linden, further west of Linden near Bull's Camp, east of Lawson, at Medlow Bath and east of Mount Victoria, and in these cases
13566-523: The railway. However, World War I (1914–1918) delayed these plans until 1919, when, with the expectation of a postwar housing-boom, Metropolitan Railway Country Estates Limited (MRCE) formed. MRCE went on to develop estates at Kingsbury Garden Village near Neasden , Wembley Park , Cecil Park and Grange Estate at Pinner and the Cedars Estate at Rickmansworth and to found places such as Harrow Garden Village . The Met's marketing department coined
13699-401: The replacement bridges were located at a skew angle to eliminate right angle bend approaches, with the earlier bridges left for pedestrian use. In 1958 the 'Forty Bends’, where the Highway runs along the foot of Hassans Walls approaching Lithgow, were eased. The fact that this section of the highway is on the southern side of a very high escarpment poses severe ice problems during winter, due to
13832-477: The rock for Cox's 1815 road. This was severed in 1868 by the construction of the Springwood-Mount Victoria section of the Main Western Railway. The railway itself was deviated at this point in the 1920s when it was duplicated, and a cutting on the original alignment of the railway now forms the top section of the southern face of the highway cutting, the terrace in the face of the cutting being the bed of
13965-399: The route of Great Western Highway was the construction in 1806 of ten bridges along Parramatta Road. In attempts to improve the gradient of the descent from the Blue Mountains plateau to the floor of the Hartley Valley, Lawson's Long Alley was opened in 1824. This still did not prove satisfactory and construction of a second deviation, known as Lockyer's Pass, was commenced. However this route
14098-429: The route of the Great Western Road it remained trafficable, but the destruction of the bridge at Phil's Falls on the Fish River in 1930 meant it was no longer a through route, and parts became untrafficable. However, most of this route remains in existence as a series of local roads. The original route had only been in existence for eight years when, in 1823, Assistant Surveyor James McBrian identified an improved route on
14231-471: The same year a new bridge, Victoria Bridge , was nearing completion adjacent to the road crossing, as part of the Penrith-Weatherboard (Wentworth Falls) section of the Main Western Railway. Its deck was modified to accommodate road traffic as well as the single-track railway. This bridge continued in dual use until 1907 when the current steel truss railway bridge was built alongside, and the 1867 bridge
14364-461: The settlement of Parramatta was by water along the Parramatta River . Sometime between 1789 and 1791 an overland track was made to provide an official land route between the two settlements. Parramatta Road dates to the 1792 formation of a route linking Sydney to the settlement of Parramatta, formalised under the direction of Surveyor-General Augustus Alt in 1797. Parramatta Road became one of
14497-425: The site of Bathurst. Within a year, Macquarie commissioned William Cox to construct a road west from Emu Plains, following Evans' route, and this road was finished in 1815. Macquarie himself travelled across it soon after completion, established and named Bathurst, and named the road the Great Western Road. The section of the Great Western Road as far west as Mount Victoria , with a small number of minor deviations,
14630-579: The suburbs was facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and numerous innovations in transport. Redlining and other discriminatory measures built into federal housing policy furthered the racial segregation of postwar America–for example, by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods. The government's efforts were primarily designed to provide housing to White middle-class and lower-middle-class families. African Americans and other people of color largely remained concentrated within decaying cores of urban poverty creating
14763-971: The term Metro-land in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide, priced at 1 d . This promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. Published annually until 1932 (the last full year of independence for the Met), the guide extolled the benefits of "The good air of the Chilterns", using language such as "Each lover of Metroland may well have his own favorite wood beech and coppice — all tremulous green loveliness in Spring and russet and gold in October". The dream as promoted involved
14896-483: The traditional custodians of the land, specifically the Boolbainora clan. These people usually lived around the formerly flourishing river system in Western Sydney. These waterways are now a system of creeks that are small and often completely dried up. The developments in Western Sydney made it impossible for these peoples to continue their lifestyle in the traditional way. After explorers passed through Western Sydney in
15029-405: The upper classes. In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created ex novo to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Many critics have seen in this development pattern (which was circularly distributed in every direction) also a quick solution to
15162-467: The wider sense noted in the lead paragraph) have become formalized as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities (see suburbs and localities ). The terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city center (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and
15295-498: The worst of the almost impenetrable terrain of the Blue Mountains was behind them, and that there were easy routes available to reach the rolling countryside they could see off to the west. Macquarie then despatched Surveyor George Evans to follow Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth's route and to push further west until he reached arable land. Evans travelled west until he reached the Fish River , and followed it downstream until he reached
15428-574: Was allowed to retain such land that it believed was necessary for future railway use. Initially, the surplus land was managed by the Land Committee, and, from the 1880s, the land was developed and sold to domestic buyers in places like Willesden Park Estate, Cecil Park, near Pinner and at Wembley Park. In 1912 it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near
15561-409: Was amended to State Highway 5 on 8 April 1929. Its eastern end was extended to the intersection of Broadway and Wattle Street on 22 February 1967 (part of Sydney's Ring Road 1 at the time). It was extended east again to its current terminus at Railway Square in Haymarket on 22 January 1993. As the main route for traffic from the Blue Mountains into Sydney was superseded from Great Western Highway to
15694-551: Was appointed as Surveyor-General in 1828, one of the first matters to which he turned his attention was the improvement of the Great Western Road. Mitchell's attention was focussed on providing a more direct and easily graded route for the Great Western Road. To this end, he surveyed a route running northwest from Hartley via Mt Walker to Meadow Flat, crossing the Great Dividing Range at Mount Lambie, then running in an almost straight line westward via Browns Hill to Kelso, to meet
15827-415: Was bypassed in 1991 by a realignment of the Highway where it crosses the Macquarie River into Bathurst city centre. Because of its heritage value it was retained for use by cyclists and pedestrians. During 1991–1993 a massive cutting was made to improve and widen the alignment of the highway immediately east of Woodford. At the top of the southern side of this cutting can be seen the rudimentary excavation of
15960-420: Was closed to motor traffic when the M4 Motorway was extended west from Russell Street to connect to the highway at Lapstone in 1994. West of Knapsack Gully, although now widened to four lanes, the 1926 route of the highway is still in use. It uses a long stretch of abandoned railway formation – the section from Zig Zag Street to Blaxland station is located on the original 1867 railway alignment. An indication of
16093-577: Was completed in 1833 and superseded what is now called Old Bathurst Road, located to the north of the route. The Mitchell's Pass and Lennox Bridge served as the main route to the Blue Mountains for 93 years until 1926, when the Great Western Highway was re-routed via sections of the former Lapstone Zig Zag including the Knapsack Viaduct . After protracted arguments first with Governor Ralph Darling and then his successor Richard Bourke , and ignoring orders, Mitchell surveyed, designed and had built what
16226-527: Was completed in 2002. From Railway Square to Woodville Road, the highway was widened to its present width when it was reconstructed in reinforced concrete in the 1930s. From Woodville Road west to The Northern Road the highway was widened, generally progressively westward, from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s. This section is a combination of six lanes with median strip, six lanes with wide landscaped median, and four lanes undivided. At The Northern Road in Kingswood
16359-467: Was constructed soon after completion of the Sydney–Parramatta Road. In 1813, acting on the instructions of Governor of New South Wales Lachlan Macquarie , Gregory Blaxland , William Lawson and William Wentworth led an 1813 expedition that travelled west from Emu Plains and, by staying to the ridges, were able to confirm the existence of a passable route directly west from Sydney across
16492-428: Was developed through the efforts of social reformer Henrietta Barnett and her husband; inspired by Ebenezer Howard and the model housing development movement (then exemplified by Letchworth garden city), as well as the desire to protect part of Hampstead Heath from development, they established trusts in 1904 which bought 243 acres of land along the newly opened Northern line extension to Golders Green and created
16625-524: Was given over solely to road traffic. This bridge remains in use for Great Western Highway. The design of this bridge is almost identical to that of the 1863 Menangle Railway Bridge , also over the Nepean River. In 1870 the Denison Bridge , a wrought iron truss bridge , was built across the Macquarie River at Bathurst. This replaced an earlier wooden bridge. In the first few years of the 20th century
16758-515: Was mainly occupied by the emperor and important officials; the city's people mostly lived in small cities right outside Luoyang, which were suburbs in all but name. As populations grew during the Early Modern Period in Europe, towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the countryside . In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the main city expanded. The peripheral areas on
16891-402: Was not a suburb in existence at this time. There were no residences there at the time and it was considered part of the “Parramatta” region. In the mid-1800s, a land boom attracted people into the area, land was subdivided for housing and small farms. Wentworth's holdings were sub-divided – amounting to 600 lots. The railway line had been put through on its way to Penrith , in 1864, but it
17024-466: Was not completed, as its construction was abandoned in favour of construction of Mitchell's route via Victoria Pass. Originally the Great Western Road crossed the Nepean River at Penrith by means of a ferry adjacent to the Log Cabin Hotel. This was superseded in 1856 by a bridge which was destroyed by a flood in 1857. A second bridge was opened in 1860, and was destroyed by the record flood of 1867. In
17157-521: Was not until 1883 that Wentworthville got its own public railway station. Originally the railway station was called T. R. Smith's Platform but was renamed Wentworthville two years later. By the time of the 1886 auction of the 2nd subdivision of “Toongabbee” (spelt differently today) of the Darcyville estate, there were two railway stops marked on the map, “Toongabbee” and leading to “Parramatta”. This subdivision allowed individual merchants and farmers to become landowners. The 2nd subdivision contains part of
17290-410: Was the building of many highways. The Highway Act of 1956 helped to fund the building of 64,000 kilometers across the nation by having 26 billion dollars on hand, which helped to link many more to these shopping centers with ease. These newly built shopping centers, which were often large buildings full of multiple stores, and services, were being used for more than shopping, but as a place of leisure and
17423-496: Was the common condition. Some suburbs had developed around large cities where there was rail transportation to the jobs downtown. However, the real growth in suburbia depended on the availability of automobiles, highways, and inexpensive housing. The population had grown, and the stock of family savings had accumulated the money for down payments, automobiles and appliances. The product was a great housing boom. Whereas an average of 316,000 new non-farm housing units were constructed from
17556-424: Was the major piece of engineering on the original route, and when Macquarie travelled the new road in 1815, he named it Cox's Pass in honour of the builder. From the foot of Mount York the road resumed its westerly direction to where Hartley now stands. However, from here it ran via the present-day Glenroy, Mount Blaxland, Cut Hill Road, Pitts Corner, Phils Falls, Mount Olive Road, Carlwood Road and Sidmouth Valley to
17689-473: Was the site of the first major Tangara accident, a derailment , which occurred on 27 December 1989. East of Old Prospect Road, the Liverpool–Parramatta T-way runs along the southern boundary. The North-West T-way runs just outside the suburb boundaries on Mons Road. Transit Systems runs route 818 from Westmead Hospital to Merrylands via Wentworthville railway station. CDC NSW runs
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