Misplaced Pages

#478521

46-432: Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, known among the locals as "Wat Yai", was founded in 1357 by King Lithai of Sukhothai . The temple was built at the same time as Phra Phuttha Chinnarat, Phra Phuttha Chinna Si, and Phra Si Satsada. During the reign of King Ekathotsarot of Ayutthaya , its Buddha image was gilded and the temple was later developed by King Chulalongkorn and King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Rattanakosin . The temple

92-408: A tributary state by Ayutthaya kingdom in the future. As Li Thai admired Buddhism greatly, he used Buddhism as a diplomatic, educational, and governing tool, having also wrote the religious text Traiphum Phra Ruang during his time as a Upparat (viceroy), which has been used in teaching the citizens to do good and to abstain from doing evil, this book is then continued to be an important text that

138-492: A Buddhist Patriarch from Lanka to enrich Buddhism in Sukhothai, having also repair many temples and build many Buddha statues such as Prahphuddachinnasri . Lithai having dedicated himself in the enrichment of Buddhism all his life, has been given the title of a Thammaracha , meaning a king who grants satisfaction through Dharma . During the year 1363, due to the pressure from Ayutthaya kingdom invading neighboring provinces to

184-721: A music academy in Paris. Also in France, Sirikit met King Bhumibol Adulyadej , who was related to her, since both were descendants of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). At that time, Bhumibol had ascended to the throne and was studying in Switzerland . Bhumibol and Sirikit (as well as a few other students) were staying at the Royal Thai Embassy in Paris. Sirikit accompanied the king as he visited various tourist attractions, and they found that they had much in common. On 4 October 1948, while Bhumibol

230-478: A prime case study of literature and literacy during Sukhothai era. In modern times, Traiphum Phra Ruang still serves as an academic book for religion and literature classes in Thailand due to its elegant usage of language. During the year 1981, ASEAN Socio Cultural Community had each countries choose a valued literature to be translated to English, the one being chosen for Thailand being Traiphum Phra Ruang, specifically

276-404: A ruler is purposed to hold; Chakkrawat Diwat, the twelve behaviors in which a ruler should follow; and Rachajanyanuwatr, the four abilities that a ruler should possess. Because Sukhothai kingdom holds many smaller cities/states that are related to each other due to family ties of the ruling class, the resulting government structure could be considered as Oligarchy or Aristocracy , where each of

322-528: A strong bond with southern Thailand, and she formerly spent months in the Muslim-majority provinces every year. She is considered to be one of the more quiet diplomats. Queen Sirikit published In Memory of my European Trip in 1964, which described her time in Europe with the king. She has also composed songs for performance by The Handsome Band , the band of the palace. The songs she composed were: In 1976,

368-602: A team of physicians determined that she had suffered an ischemic stroke . The queen was treated and has refrained from public appearances since, including the grand audience granted by her husband on his 85th birthday from the Ananta Samakhom Hall on 5 December 2012. On 29 November 2016, the palace announced that the queen had been discharged from the hospital and has returned to the Chitralada Royal Villa due to her recovery. Queen Sirikit's birthday, like

414-451: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This biography of a member of an Asian royal house is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sirikit The King The Queen Royal Noble Consort Sineenat Bilaskalayani The Queen Mother Sirikit (born Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara ; 12 August 1932) is a member of the Thai royal family who

460-412: Is a Buddhist literature, and the oldest Thai literature known (not counting Sukhothai Inscription No.1 ), has been written by Lithai around the year 1345, six years after he has been appointed as a viceroy. The literature was intended by Lithai to be used in education as to lower conflict/crime, and improve the citizen's behavior through the teaching of karma and many other Buddhism concepts which instill

506-625: Is believed to be built in the Sukhothai period being renovated from time to time" . The temple is famous for its gold-covered statue of the Buddha, known as Phra Phuttha Chinnarat (Thai: พระพุทธชินราช; "King of Victory"). It is considered one of the most beautiful and the classical magnificent Buddha figures in Thailand and receive the highest worship among Thai people , equivalent to Luang Pho Sothon of Wat Sothonwararam in Chachoengsao Province (not including Emerald Buddha ). This Buddha statue

SECTION 10

#1732859440479

552-563: Is located at the foot of Naresuan Bridge on the bank of the Nan River. It has an area of 36 rai (1 rai = 1600 m^2). The temple is very famous because of its golden Buddha image called Phra Phuttha Chinnarat, which is considered by some Thais to be the most beautiful Buddha image in the country. Father of Thai history Prince Damrong Rajanubhab recorded this temple that. "The temple is a big and more important than other temples in Phitsanulok and

598-581: Is statue of Buddha image in standing position holding his right hand up. This Buddha symbol is called Phra Attharot (Thai: พระอัฏฐารส), a height of 18 sok (9 m). This place is called Vihara Phra Attharot (Thai: วิหารพระอัฏฐารส) or Phra Vihara Kao Hong (Thai: พระวิหารเก้าห้อง; "nine halls sanctuary"). The Phuttha Chinnarat National Museum, located on the temple grounds, exhibits various kinds of ancient objects and art objects which derived from not only excavation in ancient monuments, but also presented by Buddhits to be offering to Buddha. All high value objects reflect

644-614: Is used in Thailand's education up to the present date. Furthermore, Lithai has also divide the Buddhist priests into two sections, the Kamawasri which focuses on teaching Buddhism to the general populations and on studying the Pra Trai Pidok ( Thai : พระไตรปิฎก ), and the Aranyawasri which focuses on seeking enlightenment , in order for the priest to both enrich Buddhism and spread teachings at

690-610: The Queen Grandmother presided over the marriage ceremony. Both the king and Sirikit signed on line 11 of their certificate of marriage. As she was not yet 18, her parents also signed, on line 12 directly under her signature. She later received the Order of the Royal House of Chakri , and became queen. After the coronation ceremony on 5 May 1950, both went back to Switzerland to continue their studies, and returned to Bangkok in 1952. When

736-505: The Queen's College), where she studied at the primary level. During that time the Pacific War was being fought. Bangkok was bombed many times, especially the rail lines, making travel unsafe. She therefore moved to Saint Francis Xavier Convent School , since it was near the palace. She studied at Saint Francis Xavier from her second primary year through the early secondary level. In 1946, with

782-609: The Thai government honored the queen by declaring her birthday a national holiday. The Queen's birthday is celebrated on 12 August each year. Queen Sirikit is well known for her charitable work, where she is the honorary president of the Thai Red Cross, a post she has held since 1956. She gained new prominence in this role in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster in southern Thailand in December 2004. She has also been active in relief work for

828-464: The Thai language. He reigned from roughly 1347 until his death in 1368. Li Thai was the son of Loe Thai and the grandson of Ram Khamhaeng the Great . The exact chronology of Li Thai's rise to the throne is unclear. Popular tradition names him as the fourth king of Sukhothai, but dynastic records seem to indicate that at least one other king ( Ngua Nam Thum ) ruled between Li Thai and his father, as well as

874-486: The biggest Buddha image in the northern territory of Siam. According to George Cœdès , Li Thai's devotion to Buddhism and his religious works earned him the title Maha Thammaracha, meaning "great pious king". He constructed many Buddha footprints and restored Wat Mahathat of Sukhothai. He was succeeded by his son Lue Thai . The kings of Sukhothai has used the Thammaracha (king of righteousness) governing style before

920-444: The birth of the universe and its inhabitant lives as according to Buddhist beliefs, and how the universe consists of three realms . The literature also describes the structure of the universe, Mount Meru and other important mountains, the orbit of Sun moon and zodiacs, the end and rebirth of the universe, etc. The main method of conveying its content is through the use of multiple smaller fables. This Thai biographical article

966-478: The cities ruler adhere to the dharma of Aparihaniyadhamma , a set of rules which aims to prevent the development of degeneracy. Although sticking to the Thammaracha governing style results in a peaceful and positive relationship between the ruler and its citizens, it discourages conflict and violence too, which leads to a lower military power and in turn leads to Sukhothai finally being invaded and forced to become

SECTION 20

#1732859440479

1012-447: The fear of karmic consequences in the citizens while encouraging good deeds. Traphum Phra Ruang is considered to be very well cited, which was rare in the era it was written in, having cited 32 Buddhist scrolls, including scrolls from collections such as Phra Trai Pidok and Atthakatha . Because Traiphum Phra Ruang is a Buddhist text, it has been written with many uncommon words that originated from Pali / Sanskrit language, serving as

1058-416: The first class artisans from Chiang Saen and Hariphunchai to assist in the casting of the three Buddha statues" The first Buddha statue was a Mara Vichai episode of 5 sok (1 sok = 50 cm) 1 kueb (1 kueb = 25 cm) 5 new (1 new = 2.45 cm) measuring from end of laps in sitting posture. The second Buddha statue was of a Mara Vichai period of 5 sok 1 kueb 4 new measuring from end of laps in sitting posture and

1104-552: The history, archaeology, culture, customs and traditions of Phitsanulok and vicinity towns from the past to present. The significant objects displayed such as Buddha statues, votive tablets, Sangkhalok ware, Chinese blue and white ceramics , Chinese painted enamel ware, Thai ceramics with five colours (Benjarong) and with gold painted enamels (Lai Nam Thong), crystal glassware, miniature of threes with gold and silver leaves presented by King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit and all members of his royal family . Formerly, this museum

1150-472: The king could get to know her better. Bhumibol selected a boarding school for her in Lausanne, Riante Rive. A quiet engagement in Lausanne followed on 19 July 1949, and the couple married on 28 April 1950, just a week before his coronation. The royal pair had four children, through whom they had twelve grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. The marriage took place at Srapathum Palace . Queen Sri Savarindira,

1196-833: The king undertook the traditional period as a Buddhist monk in 1956, Queen Sirikit acted as regent. She performed her duties so well that she was officially named the Regent of Thailand and the King gave her the title 'Somdet Phra Nang Chao Sirikit Phra Borommarachininat' on his birthday, 5 December 1956. She became the second Siamese queen regent in Thai history. The first was Queen Saovabha Phongsri of Siam , who served as regent when her husband King Chulalongkorn travelled to Europe, and later became Queen Sri Patcharindra. At dawn on 21 July 2012, Queen Sirikit felt unsteady and staggered while exercising at Siriraj Hospital , where King Bhumibol Adulyadej resided. After performing magnetic resonance imaging ,

1242-470: The king's, is a national holiday, and is also Mothers' Day in Thailand. She is particularly revered in the more remote and traditional parts of the country, where the monarchy is regarded as semi-divine. Her work in promoting tolerance and understanding for the Muslim minorities in the southernmost provinces of Pattani , Yala and Narathiwat have made her especially popular amongst Thai Muslims. The queen has

1288-430: The king. Consort of the monarch who was, at the time the world's longest-reigning head of state , she was also the world's longest-serving queen consort. Sirikit suffered a stroke in 2012 and has since refrained from public appearances. Sirikit was born on 12 August 1932, at the home of Lord Vongsanuprabhand, her maternal grandfather. She is the eldest daughter and the third child of Prince Nakkhatra Mangkala Kitiyakara ,

1334-503: The regent Phaya Sai Songkhram who ruled during Loe Thai's absence following the death of Ram Khamhaeng. Li Thai served as Upparat (viceroy) during his father's reign from the city of Si Satchanalai , an important urban center of the early Sukhothai Kingdom. Li Thai wrote the Traiphum Phra Ruang ("three worlds by Phra Ruang", Phra Ruang being the dynastic name of Li Thai's lineage), a religious and philosophical text describing

1380-422: The reign of Lithai, being based on the principle of Dharma of a king from Brahma scrolls of Dharma. Over time, as Buddhism became more widespread, the principles of Dharma from Buddhism become slowly integrated into the Thammaracha governing style up to the reign of Lithai who holds great respect for Buddhism. The principle that Lithai primarily adheres to includes Tosaphit Ratchatham , the ten virtues to which

1426-414: The residence of monarchs of Ayutthaya period after Sukhothai has been taken over by Ayutthaya kingdom. Aside from the palace, Lithai has built many religious constructs, the most prominent one being Praputthachinnarat, being hailed as one of the most beautiful Buddha statues created in Thailand. Lithai is the first king to have ever settled in and brought prosperity to Phitsanulok. Traiphum Phra Ruang

Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-489: The river. 16°49′25″N 100°15′45″E  /  16.82361°N 100.26250°E  / 16.82361; 100.26250 Lithai Maha Thammaracha I ( Thai : มหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑ , pronounced [mā.hǎː tʰām.mā.rāː.t͡ɕʰāː tʰîː nɯ̀ŋ] ), born as Li Thai ( Thai : ลิไทย , pronounced [líʔ.tʰāj] ), was a king of the Sukhothai Kingdom , and the first Buddhist philosopher to write in

1518-411: The same time. In fostering educations through religion, Lithai has allow studying of Buddhist disciplines and for Brahmin to study various liberal arts within the vicinity of the royal palace. Lithai has spread the teaching of Buddhism through many methods, primarily in the form of Traiphum Phra Ruang text, but also through the construction of temples and famously in becoming a priest himself during

1564-605: The son of Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana , and Mom Luang Bua Snidvongs (1909–1999). Her name, which was given by Queen Rambai Barni , means "the greatness of Kitiyakara". She had three siblings, two elder brothers and a younger sister: Sirikit was raised by her maternal grandparents for a year after her birth, since her father was in the United States to work as the secretary of the Siamese Embassy at Washington, D.C. Her mother joined her husband three months later. When she

1610-452: The south, Lithai moves the capital of Sukhothai kingdom to Phitsanulok in order to be able to care for provinces near the south, and from that point, Lithai stayed in Phitsanulok for seven years up until the end of his reign in 1369. During his stay, he has built many historical constructions, one of them being Chan Royal Palace which has continued to be the residence for monarchs of Sukhothai Kingdom after Lithai's death, and continued to be

1656-407: The third Buddha statue of Mara Vichai period of 4 sok 1 kueb 6 new measuring from lap to lap in sitting position. The temple's large vihara has an immense main entrance with mother-of-pearl inserts donated by King Boromakot in 1756. Beyond the wihan is a Khmer style prang , the inside of which can be accessed via a stairway. The prang is said to enshrine relics of the Buddha. And front of prang

1702-542: The various worlds of Buddhist cosmology , and the way in which karma consigns living beings to one world or another. The Ten Virtues of a sovereign were set down as guiding principles for Thai monarchs. The Traiphum Phra Ruang would go on to serve as an important political document, being re-interpreted in response to changes in the domestic and international political scene. Li Thai also built Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat in Phitsanulok , including Phra Phutta Chinnarat,

1748-521: The version rewritten by Pithul Malival (Thai: นายพิทูร มลิวัลย์), being published under the English name "Traibhumikatha : The Story of the Three Planes of Existence" during the year 1985 under "Anthology of ASEAN Literature VOLUME 1a" with another easier to understand version being published under "Anthology of ASEAN Literature VOLUME 1b". The content of this book covers Buddhist cosmology , describing

1794-578: The war now over, her father moved to the United Kingdom as the ambassador to the Court of St James's , taking his family with him. Sirikit was then 13 and completed her secondary education. While in England she learned to play the piano and became fluent in English and French. Because of her father's work as a diplomat, the family moved to other countries, including Denmark and France. While in France, she studied at

1840-460: The year 1362, serving as an example for the citizens to follow. He actively advocate for the citizens to visits temples to listen to teachings and perform acts of charity. In spreading Buddhism to other states, Lithai send priests to their cities to teach Buddhism, and also invite other cities to come and pay respect at the various religious buildings within Sukhothai Kingdom. He has also invited

1886-411: The year B.E. 1900 Phra Si Thamma Tripidok or Phra Maha Thammaracha-Lithai, after the completion of building of Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat wanted to cast three Buddha statues as the principal image in the vihara . The king got five Brahmins named Ba Indra, Ba Brahm, Ba Vishnu, Ba Rachasingh and Ba Rachakusol. The king asked for renowned sculptors from Si Satchanalai town or Sawankhalok together with

Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat - Misplaced Pages Continue

1932-500: Was Queen of Thailand from 28 April 1950 to 13 October 2016 as the widow of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). She is the mother of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). She met Bhumibol in Paris , where her father was Thai ambassador. They married in 1950, shortly before Bhumibol's coronation. Sirikit was appointed queen regent in 1956, when the king entered the Buddhist monkhood for a period of time. Sirikit has one son and three daughters with

1978-513: Was cast together with other statues of the same Buddha, including Phra Phuttha Chinna Si (Thai: พระพุทธชินสีห์) and Phra Si Satsada (Thai: พระศรีศาสดา), which are currently enshrined in this temple. According to the legends, there are still a controversy about the time of casting these statues. Some believed it was in the 10th century. Some said it might be in the 14th century. However, in the northern history (Pong Sawadarn Nuea; Thai: พงศาวดารเหนือ; "northern chronicle") had been registered that. "In

2024-502: Was driving a Fiat Topolino on the Geneva - Lausanne road, he collided into the rear of a braking truck 10 km outside of Lausanne. He injured his back and incurred cuts on his face that cost him most of the sight in one eye. He subsequently wore an ocular prosthetic . While he was hospitalised in Lausanne, Sirikit visited him frequently. She met his mother, The Princess Mother Sangwan , who asked her to continue her studies nearby so that

2070-648: Was one year old, her parents returned to Thailand. Sirikit lived together with her family in Deves Palace , near the Chao Phraya River , Bangkok . As a child, Sirikit often visited her paternal grandmother. Once in 1933, she travelled with Princess Absornsaman Devakula following King Prajadhipok's tour in Songkhla . At age four, Sirikit attended the Kindergarten College at Rajini School (sometimes called

2116-545: Was the museum under supervision of Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, and then was proclaimed in the government gazette on November 14, 1961 to be the national museum by the Fine Arts Department . Festivals often take place on the temple grounds, including the annual Phra Phuttha Chinnarat Fair . Also, on the first weekend of each October, the Phitsanulok Dragon Boat Races take place outside the temple in

#478521