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88-638: In early 1855, on the eve of the Yakima War , the legislature of Washington Territory authorized the creation of the Washington Territorial Volunteers (WTV), the first militia raised in what would become the state of Washington. The defeat of the U.S. Army that year at the Battle of Toppenish Creek sparked panic throughout the territory that an Indian uprising was in progress; hastily organized WTV companies elected their own officers and quickly put to

176-425: A Chinook dialect , "I did not come to fight you!" before being stabbed in the throat. Bolon's horse was then shot, and his body and personal effects burned. When Shumaway heard of Bolon's death he immediately sent an ambassador to inform the U.S. Army garrison at Fort Dalles , before calling for the arrest of his own son, Mosheel, who he said should be turned over to the territorial government in order to forestall

264-466: A blockhouse and several storehouses. The fort was manned by a small contingent of Volunteers supported by a 100-man force of Snoqualmie warriors, fulfillment of an agreement made by the powerful Snoqualmie chief Patkanim with the government the previous November. Meanwhile, Leschi, having successfully repelled and evaded the previous American attempts to defeat his forces along the White River, now faced

352-532: A cavalry regiment of 800 men, a portion of which crossed into Washington Territory in early November. Now with more than 700 troops at his disposal, Rains prepared to march on Kamiakin, who had encamped at Union Gap with 300 warriors. As Rains was mustering his forces in Pierce County , Leschi , a Nisqually chief who was half Yakama, had sought to forge an alliance among the Puget Sound tribes to bring war to

440-465: A childhood friend and later state Supreme Court justice. At the age of 29, Rosellini was elected to the state senate as its youngest member, representing the 33rd district in south Seattle, the home of many Italian immigrants. A New Deal Democrat, Rosellini served from 1939 to 1957, and rose to the rank of majority leader. He was elected governor in 1956 . As governor, Rosellini coupled personal charm with decades of political know-how, developing

528-499: A close, affectionate, and happy marriage, and the two were known for their devotion to each other. Rosellini was a practicing Catholic. Rosellini celebrated his 100th birthday in January 2010, becoming one of the few U.S. state governors ever to reach the age of 100 . He died of complications related to pneumonia in Seattle on October 10, 2011, at the age of 101. Rosellini's funeral

616-484: A club license in Hawaii while in office. A minority of Evans' supporters also began to sport bumper stickers on the back of their cars stating "We Don't Need A Godfather ," described by his daughter Lynn Rosellini as extremely hurtful to her father given his pride over his Italian ancestry. (The popular Oscar -winning film The Godfather was released earlier that year.) After leaving office in 1965, Rosellini returned to

704-481: A group of citizen volunteers, led by the marine detachment of the nearby-anchored USS  Decatur , started construction on a blockhouse . On the evening of January 24, 1856, two scouts from the massing tribal forces, dressed in disguise and talking their way past American sentries, covertly entered Seattle on a reconnaissance mission (some believe one of these scouts may have been Leschi himself). Just after sunrise on January 25, 1856, American lookouts spotted

792-508: A howitzer bombardment, led a charge against the Yakama position. Kamiakan's forces scattered into the brush at the mouth of Ahtanum Creek and the American offensive was called off. In Kamiakan's camp, plans for a night raid against the American force were drawn up but abandoned. Instead, early the next day, the Yakama continued their defensive retreat, tiring American forces who eventually broke off

880-413: A large group of Indians approaching the settlement under cover of trees. The USS  Decatur began firing into the woods, prompting townspeople to evacuate to the blockhouse. Tribal forces - by some accounts composed of Yakama , Walla Walla , Klickitat and Puyallup - returned fire with small arms and began a fast advance on the settlement. Faced with unrelenting fire from Decatur' s guns, however,

968-530: A military separate from the National Guard saw Washington "at the forefront" of a small number of states that quickly moved to resurrect their forces, a callback to Washington's decision two decades before to outfit an unusually large and robust State Guard. On May 19, 1960, Governor Albert Rosellini issued an executive order commanding that "the Washington State Guard Reserve is established as

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1056-449: A number of Yakama in the traveling party protested, their objections were overruled by Mosheel, who invoked his regal status. Discussions about Bolon's fate took place over much of the day (Bolon, who did not speak Yakama, was unaware of this debate as it unfolded among his traveling companions). During a rest stop, as Bolon and the Yakama were eating lunch, Mosheel and at least three other Yakama set upon him with knives. Bolon yelled out in

1144-527: A part of the organized militia of the State ... [to] function as an additional internal security force within the State for employment, in event of an emergency declared by the Governor, to augment the National Guard in protecting life and property; preserving order and public safety; and taking preventive action against threats to the internal security of the State". Creation of the Washington State Guard Reserve came at

1232-559: A planned night raid was aborted after a barking dog alerted sentries. Instead, Patkanim approached within speaking distance of Leschi's camp, announcing to the Nisqually chief, "I will have your head." Early the next morning Patkanim began his assault, the bloody fight reportedly lasting ten hours, ending only after the Snoqualmie ran out of ammunition. Edmond Meany would later write that Patkanim returned with "gruesome evidence of his battles in

1320-523: A reputation for decisiveness and ability to move ahead on long-stalled projects. Don Hannula, longtime political columnist for The Seattle Times , wrote in 1996, "He was not a man of empty rhetoric. He got things done. His legacy is everywhere." In his 1997 biography, Rosellini, Immigrant's Son and Progressive Governor , author Payton Smith wrote: "He was attracted to issues where progress could be made and measured . . . Budget reform, economic development, transportation, higher education and institutions were

1408-553: A state-of-affairs Wool blamed squarely on Curry. In a letter to a friend, Wool commented that But for the ... barbarous determination of the Oregonians to exterminate its Indians, I would soon put an end to the Indian War. It is these shocking barbarities that give us more trouble than all else and are constantly increasing the ranks of the hostiles. Meanwhile, on December 20, Washington Governor Isaac Stevens had finally made it back to

1496-540: A static war by using the territorial militia to fortify the major settlements while better-trained and equipped U.S. Army regulars moved in to occupy traditional Indian hunting and fishing grounds, starving the Yakama into surrender. To Wool's chagrin, however, Oregon Governor Curry decided to launch a preemptive and largely unprovoked attack against the eastern tribes of the Walla Walla , Palouse, Umatilla , and Cayuse who had, up to that point, remained cautiously neutral in

1584-639: A system of junior colleges. During his time in office, Rosellini also reformed the state budget process and balanced the budget. Rosellini was defeated in his bid for a third term in 1964 by Republican Daniel J. Evans , a state legislator and civil engineer . Rosellini entered the primary unopposed by his ostensive rivals for the Democratic nomination, Lieutenant Governor John Cherberg or Attorney General John J. O'Connell, but did encounter opposition from several unknown candidates who collectively garnered close to 50,000 votes. The general election campaign

1672-565: A third wave of attack. As construction on Fort Tilton got underway, Patkanim - brevetted to the rank of captain in the Volunteers - set out at the head of a force of 55 Snoqualmie and Snohomish warriors intent on capturing Leschi. Their mission was triumphantly announced by a headline in Olympia's Pioneer and Democrat "Pat Kanim in the Field!" Patkanim tracked Leschi to his camp along the White River, but

1760-477: A variety of missions within the state. They have been deployed to the State Emergency Operations Center and many county emergency operations centers to coordinate National Guard resource requests to state or federally declared disasters. State Guard members may resign their enlistment or commission at any time, unless mobilized or in paid state active duty status. Most WSG soldiers have served in

1848-607: A voluntary basis without pay, unless authorized and/or mobilized by the Governor of Washington, at which time they are paid at the same rate an equivalent rank in the National Guard would be paid. State Guard personnel, however, are eligible for free hunting licenses in Washington. Article X of the Washington State Constitution authorizes the Washington State Legislature to create a militia and empowers

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1936-702: Is located at the Seattle Armory and maintains two battalions in Olympia and Everett . The Second Infantry Brigade is located in Spokane . The WSG HQ is located at Camp Murray in Tacoma, Washington. State Guard soldiers drill in a non-pay status one day a month and two days during the summer. However, WSG soldiers can and have been called up to paid state active duty to support the Washington Military Department in

2024-515: The USCS Active to reassure citizens of the town. Stevens confidently declared that, "I believe that New York and San Francisco will as soon be attacked by the Indians as the town of Seattle." Even as Stevens was speaking, however, a 6,000-man tribal army was moving on the unsuspecting settlement. As the governor's ship was sailing from the harbor - carrying Stevens back to Olympia - members of some of

2112-662: The Governor of Washington with the authority to commission its officers, while Article III of the constitution places the governor as "commander-in-chief of the military in the state except when they shall be called into the service of the United States". The legal status of the State Guard, specifically, is laid-out in Title 38 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) which establishes that

2200-581: The Industrial Workers of the World in the state. Disturbances in Spokane in 1917 prompted Governor Ernest Lister to declare martial law and order a major deployment of National Guard troops into the city. With the potential of U.S. entry into World War I , Lister resolved that a fallback military force would need to be raised to guard against insurrection while the Washington National Guard

2288-569: The Mississippi River . During a political career that spanned 40 years, Rosellini was an activist leader who worked to reform the state's prisons and mental health facilities, expand the state highway system , create the University of Washington 's medical and dental schools , and build the second floating bridge across Lake Washington . Rosellini holds the record as the longest-lived U.S. state governor in American history, having reached

2376-514: The Olympic Peninsula . The State Guard, during this time, was primarily composed of older men, however, in 1944 the state began actively recruiting younger males with the idea that it could provide a potential source of post-war manpower for the returned National Guard. During World War II, Washington's unusually large State Guard – relative to those maintained by other states – "reflected its insecurities over its exposed location". In 1947, with

2464-694: The United States and the Yakama , a Sahaptian-speaking people of the Northwest Plateau , then part of Washington Territory , and the tribal allies of each. It primarily took place in the southern interior of present-day Washington . Isolated battles in western Washington and the northern Inland Empire are sometimes separately referred to as the Puget Sound War and the Coeur d'Alene War , respectively. After

2552-616: The Washington Territory was formally organized as a U.S. territory in 1853, treaties between the United States government and several Indian tribes in the area resulted in reluctant tribal recognition of U.S. sovereignty over a vast amount of land within the new territory. In return for this recognition, the tribes were entitled to receive half of the fish in the territory in perpetuity , awards of money and provisions, and reserved lands where white settlement would be prohibited. While territorial governor Isaac Stevens had guaranteed

2640-474: The White River , ranger James McAllister and farmer Michael Connell were ambushed and killed by Leschi's men. The rest of Eaton's Rangers were besieged inside an abandoned cabin, where they would remain for the next four days before escaping. The next morning Muckleshoot and Klickitat warriors raided three settler cabins along the White River, killing nine men and women. Many settlers had left the area in advance of

2728-437: The "militia of the state of Washington shall consist of ... all persons who are members of the national guard and the state guard." As a component of the militia, the State Guard is under the ultimate authority of the governor in his role as commander-in-chief of Washington's armed forces. Chapter eight, section 100 of Title 38 sets-out that the governor may "send militia of this state into areas of any bordering state adjacent to

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2816-418: The American retaliation he felt would likely occur. A Yakama council overruled the chief, however, siding with Shumaway's older brother, Kamiakin, who called for war preparations. Meanwhile, district commander Gabriel Rains had received Shumaway's ambassador and, in response to the news of Bolon's death, ordered Major Granville O. Haller to move out with an expeditionary column from Fort Dalles. Haller's force

2904-456: The Dicks Act, the Washington militia – and, with it, the militias of the other states – were standardized as the National Guard and became part of the reserve forces of the United States, "the first step towards the eventual federalization of the traditional organized militia". In the early 20th century Washington saw increasing levels of civil unrest, occasioned in part by the growing influence of

2992-470: The Naches Pass and enter the Yakama homeland from the rear. Finding the pass blocked with snow he began returning west in the days following the raid on the White River settlements. On November 2, 1855 Leschi's men were spotted by the vanguard of Maloney's returning column, and fell back to the right bank of the White River. On November 3 Maloney ordered a force of 100 men under Lt. William Slaughter to cross

3080-588: The Pacific and sent a force under Col. George Wright to deal with the recent fighting. At the Battle of Four Lakes near Spokane, Washington in September 1858, Wright inflicted a decisive defeat on the Native Americans. He called a council of all the local Native Americans at Latah Creek (southwest of Spokane). On September 23 he imposed a peace treaty, under which most of the tribes were to go to reservations. As

3168-429: The Puget Sound's neutral tribes began streaming into Seattle requesting sanctuary from a large Yakama war party that had just crossed Lake Washington . The threat was confirmed with the arrival of Princess Angeline who brought news from her father, Chief Seattle , that an attack was imminent. Doc Maynard began the evacuation of women and children from the neutral Duwamish, by boat, to the west side of Puget Sound while

3256-456: The Snoqualmie were actually engaging remnant hostiles, or executing their own slaves. The Yakama people were forced onto a reservation south of the present city of Yakima . Albert Rosellini Albert Dean Rosellini (January 21, 1910 – October 10, 2011) was an American politician who served as the 15th governor of Washington from 1957 to 1965 and was both the first Italian-American and Roman Catholic governor elected west of

3344-495: The State Guard. In January 1941 the Washington National Guard was mobilized into federal service and the Washington State Guard reestablished to assume responsibility for state military missions. Not long after, however, it was determined by state officials that the increased probability of U.S. entry into World War II carried with it a heightened threat of invasion and the new force would need to be reorganized to defend

3432-502: The State of Washington, conceded the Army's opinion and posthumously acquitted Leschi of murder.) U.S. Army Indian scouts tracked and captured Andrew Bolon's murderers who were subsequently hanged. Snoqualmie warriors were sent to hunt-down remnant hostile forces, with the territorial government agreeing to pay a bounty on scalps, however, the practice was quickly terminated by orders of the territorial auditor after questions arose as to whether

3520-478: The White River and engage Leschi's forces. Attempts to ford the river, however, were stopped by the fire of Indian sharpshooters. One American soldier was killed in a back-and-forth exchange of gunfire. Accounts of Indian fatalities range from one (reported by a Puyallup Indian, Tyee Dick, after the end of the war) to 30 (claimed in Slaughter's official report), though the lower number may be more credible (one veteran of

3608-717: The Yakama. A riot among the soldiers ensued and the mission was burned to the ground. With snow beginning to fall, Rains ordered a withdrawal, and the column returned to Fort Dalles. By the end of November, federal troops had returned to the White River area. A detachment of the 4th Infantry Regiment, under Lt. Slaughter, accompanied by militia under Capt. Gilmore Hays, searched the area from which Maloney had previously withdrawn and engaged Nisqually and Klickitat warriors at Biting's Prairie on November 25, 1855, resulting in several casualties but no decisive outcome. The next day an Indian sharpshooter killed two of Slaughter's troops. Finally, on December 3, as Slaughter and his men were camped for

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3696-451: The age of 101 years, 262 days. Born in Tacoma, Washington , Rosellini was the only son of Italian immigrants, Annunziata (Pagni) and Giovanni Rosellini, a saloon operator. He worked his way through college and law school at the University of Washington , where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, graduating in 1933 with his classmate Hugh J. Rosellini (no relation),

3784-401: The area on November 7, arriving at Fort Steilacoom two days later. One hundred fifty miles to the east, on November 9, Rains closed with Kamiakin near Union Gap . The Yakama had erected a defensive barrier of stone breastwork which was quickly blown away by American artillery fire. Kamiakan had not expected a force of the size Rains had mustered and the Yakama, anticipating a quick victory of

3872-557: The attack, the most losses for US citizens during the Yakima War. The United States sent reinforcements the following day to defend against further attacks. The Yakama people fled, but nine Cascades Indians who surrendered without a fight, including Chenoweth, Chief of the Hood River Band, were improperly charged and executed for treason. The U.S. Army arrived in the region in the summer of 1856. That August Robert S. Garnett supervised

3960-609: The attackers were forced to withdraw and regroup, after which a decision was made to abandon the assault. Two Americans were killed in the fighting and 28 Natives lost their lives. To block the passes across the Cascade Mountains and prevent further Yakama movements against western Washington , a small redoubt was established near Snoqualmie Falls by Tokul Creek in February 1856. Fort Tilton became operational in March 1856, consisting of

4048-492: The battle as hi-ue he-he, hi-ue he-he - "lots and lots of fun"). The next morning Maloney advanced with 150 men across the White River and attempted to engage Leschi at his camp at the Green River, but poor terrain made the advance untenable and he quickly called off the attack. Another skirmish on November 5 resulted in five American fatalities, but no Indian deaths. Unable to make any headway, Maloney began his withdrawal from

4136-521: The battle, Daniel Mounts, would later be appointed Indian agent to the Nisqually and heard Tyee Dick's casualty numbers confirmed by Nisqually). At four o'clock, when it was becoming too dark for the Americans to cross the White River, Leschi's men fell back three miles to their camp on the banks of the Green River , jubilant at having successfully prevented the American crossing (Tyee Dick would later describe

4224-528: The chief justice of the territorial supreme court, left Whidbey Island - where he was recuperating from illness - and traveled by canoe to Pierce County. Arriving in Steilacoom, Chenoweth reconvened the court and prepared to again issue writs of habeas corpus ordering the release of the settlers. Learning of Chenoweth's arrival in Pierce County, Stevens sent a company of militia to stop the chief justice, but

4312-454: The common boundary as may be necessary to provide effective protection" while section 60 establishes that "whenever any portion of the militia is ordered to duty by the governor, the decision of the governor shall be final, incontrovertible, and unimpeachable". Yakima War The Yakima War (1855–1858), also referred to as the Plateau War or Yakima Indian War , was a conflict between

4400-523: The conflict (Curry believed it was only a matter of time before the eastern tribes entered the war and sought to gain a strategic advantage by attacking first). Oregon militia, under Lt. Col. James Kelley, crossed into the Walla Walla Valley in December, skirmishing with the tribes and, eventually, capturing Peopeomoxmox and several other chiefs. The eastern tribes were now firmly involved in the conflict,

4488-450: The conflict, making his headquarters at Fort Vancouver . Wool was widely considered pompous and arrogant and had been criticized by some for blaming much of the Western conflicts between Natives and whites on whites. After assessing the situation in Washington, he decided that Rains' approach of chasing bands of Yakama around the territory would lead to an inevitable defeat. Wool planned to wage

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4576-512: The construction of Fort Simcoe as a military post. Initially the conflict was limited to the Yakama, but eventually the Walla Walla and Cayuse were drawn into the war, and carried out a number of raids and battles against the American invaders. The last phase of the conflict, sometimes referred to as the Coeur d'Alene War , occurred in 1858. General Newman S. Clarke commanded the Department of

4664-466: The core matters to which he devoted his talent and governmental know-how." Rosellini was narrowly re-elected in 1960 , beating Republican Lloyd J. Andrews by a margin of 1.4 percent. In order to promote economic development, Rosellini established a state department of commerce and championed the Seattle World's Fair in 1962. He shepherded construction of the former longest floating bridge in

4752-541: The county and opposition to Democratic policies. Stevens ordered the suspect farmers arrested and held at Camp Montgomery. When Judge Edward Lander ordered their release, Stevens declared martial law in Pierce and Thurston counties. On May 12 Lander ruled that Stevens was in contempt of court . Marshals sent to Olympia to detain the governor were ejected from the capitol and Stevens ordered Judge Lander's arrest by militia. Learning of Lander's detention, Francis A. Chenoweth ,

4840-410: The doorstep of the territorial government. Starting with just the 31 warriors in his own band, Leschi rallied more than 150 Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat, though other tribes rebuffed Leschi's overtures. In response to news of Leschi's growing army, a volunteer troop of 18 dragoons , known as Eaton's Rangers, was dispatched to arrest the Nisqually chief. On October 27, while surveying an area of

4928-522: The end of World War II , the State Guard was, once more, disbanded. In 1950, three years after the dissolution of the Washington State Guard, provisions of federal law which permitted states to raise military forces separate from their National Guards expired. A 1953 legal opinion penned by the Attorney-General of Washington concluded that "there is no provision in the National Defense Act for

5016-413: The engagement. In the last day of fighting the Yakama suffered their only fatality, a warrior killed by U.S. Army Indian Scout Cutmouth John . Rains continued to Saint Joseph's Mission which had been abandoned, the priests having joined the Yakama in flight. During a search of the grounds, Rains' men discovered a barrel of gunpowder, leading them to erroneously believe the priests had been secretly arming

5104-554: The favorable regard of the President." The Cascades Massacre on March 26, 1856 was the name given to an attack by a coalition of tribes against white soldiers and settlers in the Cascades Rapids . The native attackers included warriors from the Yakama, Klickitat , and Cascades tribes (today identified as belonging to Wasco tribes : Cascades Indians / Watlala or Hood River Wasco ). Fourteen settlers and three US soldiers died in

5192-410: The field with little in the way of arms or provisions. Ignoring regulations, nearby U.S. Army posts supplied the territorial forces with firearms, as did the captains of two federal warships operating in the area: USS  Decatur and USRC  Jefferson Davis . Over the course of the conflict, one half of all adult men in the territory would render military service. In 1903, with the passage of

5280-432: The form of heads taken from the bodies of slain hostile Indians." Leschi's, however, was not among them. By spring of 1856, Stevens began to suspect that some settlers in Pierce County, who had married into area tribes, were secretly conspiring with their Native American in-laws against the territorial government. Stevens' distrust of the Pierce County settlers may have been heightened by the strong Whig Party sentiment in

5368-455: The instigation of adjutant-general Gen. George Haskett due to concern the entire National Guard might be deployed outside the state in the event of war with the Soviet Union . It soon recruited 112 former U.S. Army and Washington National Guard officers; the force was conceived of and organized as a command nucleus around which a larger element could be rapidly raised in the event of a crisis. It

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5456-550: The inviolability of Native American territory following tribal accession to the treaties, he lacked the legal authority to enforce it pending ratification of the agreements by the United States Senate . Meanwhile, the widely publicized discovery of gold in Yakama territory prompted an influx of unruly prospectors who traveled, unchecked, across the newly defined tribal lands, to the growing consternation of Indian leaders. In 1855 two of these prospectors were killed by Qualchin,

5544-510: The kind they had recently scored at Toppenish Creek, had brought their families. Kamiakan now ordered the women and children to flee as he and the warriors fought a delaying action. While leading a reconnaissance of the American lines, Kamiakan and a group of fifty mounted warriors encountered an American patrol which gave chase. Kamiakan and his men escaped across the Yakima River; the Americans were unable to keep up and two soldiers drowned before

5632-512: The massacre. He said he suspected something of the kind, as he had heard firing in that direction. He told me that I should get the children and take them to his wigwam, adding that 'when the moon was high' he would take us to Seattle in his canoe. His squaw was as kind and amiable as could be, and did all in her power to make it pleasant for us, but the children were very shy. She set out dried fish and whortleberries for our repast, but nothing she could do would induce them to go to her. Our hunger

5720-537: The military, but some come straight from civilian life. Despite the terms (e.g. "brigade" and "battalion") used for the units comprising the State Guard, actual personnel strength is cadre only, meaning that while a skeleton organization exists, for real-world deployment the organization would have to be filled by the "calling out" of the unorganized militia of the state by the Governor. The Washington State Guard has an authorized cadre strength of 120 plus military personnel. Officers and enlisted personnel train mostly on

5808-404: The murderers in their camp and killed all of them. On September 20, 1855, Bureau of Indian Affairs agent Andrew Bolon , hearing of the death of the prospectors at the hands of Qualchin, departed for the scene on horseback to investigate but was intercepted by the Yakama chief Shumaway, who warned him Qualchin was too dangerous to confront. Heeding Shumaway's warning, Bolon turned back and began

5896-450: The nephew of Kamiakin , after it was discovered they had raped a Yakama woman. A party of American miners came across two Yakama women, a mother and daughter traveling together with a baby. The miners assaulted and killed both women and the infant. The husband and father of the women, a Yakama man named Mosheel, collected two friends, one of whom was Qualchin, and the men tracked down the miners who had killed Mosheel’s family. They ambushed

5984-407: The night on Brannan's Prairie, the force was fired upon and Slaughter killed. News of the death of Slaughter greatly demoralized settlers in the principal towns. Slaughter and his wife were a popular young couple among the settlers and the legislature adjourned for a day of mourning. In late November 1855 Gen. John E. Wool arrived from California and assumed control of the United States side in

6072-661: The organization or maintenance of military forces, other than the National Guard, within the state. The organization of the state guard reserve at this time would not be authorized". In 1958, however, an amendment to the U.S. Code provided that "in addition to its National Guard, if any, a State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, or the Virgin Islands may, as provided by its laws, organize and maintain defense forces". The returned ability of states to raise

6160-503: The practice of law, and also became a political consultant, specializing in matters of the liquor and entertainment industries. Over the years, Rossellini served as an elder statesman of the state Democratic Party, mentoring political figures including Washington governors Christine Gregoire and Gary Locke . In 2003, Rosellini was back in the news briefly when he was reported to have delivered campaign contributions to Seattle City Council members on behalf of strip-club owners, one of whom

6248-399: The pursuit was called off. That evening Kamiakan called a war council where it was decided the Yakama would make a stand in the hills of Union Gap. Rains began advancing on the hills the next morning, his progress slowed by small groups of Yakama employing hit and run tactics to delay the American advance against the main Yakama force. At four o'clock in the afternoon Maj. Haller, backed by

6336-414: The raid, having been warned of danger by Chief Kitsap of the neutral Suquamish . Details of the raid on the White River settlements were told by John King, one of the four survivors, who was seven years old at the time and was – along with two younger siblings spared by the attackers and told to head west. The King children eventually came upon a local Native American known to them as Tom. I told him of

6424-430: The regiment was fully trained and equipped and, by early 1942, the size of the State Guard had increased to just over 4,000 soldiers and officers with the force reorganized into two brigades. The bulk of the force spent the rest of 1942 conducting weekly drills to repel an anticipated Japanese invasion of Washington, while a smaller contingent of 30 personnel were activated to full-time status to man nine observation posts on

6512-400: The ride home. En route he came upon a group of Yakama traveling south and decided to ride along with them. One of the members of this group was Mosheel, Shumaway's son. After Bolon told Mosheel that the death of the miners was considered a wrongdoing and would be punished by United States army soon as he returned home, Mosheel grew angry. At some point, he decided Bolon should be killed. Though

6600-555: The state government. Only one televised debate was agreed between the two candidates. The coattails of President Johnson did not extend to this race, as the 39-year-old Evans won by double digits. Rosellini made a comeback bid eight years later in 1972 ; he captured the Democratic nomination, but was again defeated by Evans. Starting with a lead in the polls, Rosellini saw his support fall when he disparagingly referred to Governor Evans as "Danny Boy" and being accused of intervening on behalf of his friend Frank Colacurcio to obtain

6688-555: The state's territory rather than simply fulfill civil assistance missions. Recruiting was suspended and the entirety of the force was organized into the State Guard Reserve, which was simply a roster of individual personnel. In June, soldiers of the State Guard Reserve began to be reconstituted into a formed force with the activation of the Fourth Washington Volunteer Infantry Regiment. As of December

6776-471: The territory after a perilous journey that involved a final, mad dash across the hostile Walla Walla Valley. Dissatisfied with Wool's plan to wait until spring before resuming military operations, and having learned of the raid on the White River settlement, Stevens convened the Washington Legislature where he declared "the war shall be prosecuted until the last hostile Indian is exterminated. Stevens

6864-605: The troops were met by the Pierce County Sheriff whom Chenoweth had ordered to raise a posse to defend the court. The impasse was finally resolved after Stevens agreed to back down and release the farmers. Stevens subsequently pardoned himself of contempt, but the United States Senate called for his removal over the incident and he was censured by the Secretary of State of the United States who wrote to him that "... your conduct, in that respect, does not therefore meet with

6952-426: The war wound to a close, Kamiakin fled north to British Columbia . Leschi was twice tried for murder by the territorial government (his first trial resulted in a hung jury ), convicted the second time, and then hanged outside Fort Steilacoom, the U.S. Army having refused to allow his execution to occur on Army property as military commanders considered him a lawful combatant . (In 2004 a Historical Court, convened by

7040-441: The world, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge , which opened in 1963 and carried State Route 520 over Lake Washington from Seattle to Medina . It was renamed for Rosellini in 1988. After 53 years of service, it was replaced by a new floating bridge at the same site in 2016, which also bears his name. In addition, he was a tireless supporter of higher education, strengthening the state university system and developing

7128-670: Was a convicted racketeer. Rosellini was never charged in the scandal that became known as "Strippergate." Until his death, Rosellini attended fundraisers for candidates and helped raise money for charities, particularly the Washington State Olympics Committee, which he chaired for many years. Danny Westneat, columnist for The Seattle Times , wrote in 2005, "His record makes most governors after him look like slackers ." Rosellini and his wife Ethel (1912–2002), whom he married in 1937, had five children. Ethel died in 2002, after 64 years of marriage. Albert and Ethel had

7216-532: Was formed into a skeleton headquarters detachment and five cadre-staffed internal security battalions which, if brought to full strength, would fulfill public order and civil defense missions. By the 1970s it had grown to 164 officers, added an eight-man air section posted to the King County International Airport , and was officially renamed the Washington State Guard. The Washington State Guard consists of two brigades . The First Infantry Brigade

7304-515: Was further perturbed at the lack of a military escort afforded him during his dangerous passage through Walla Walla and went on to denounce Wool for "the criminal neglect of my safety." Oregon Governor Curry joined his Washington counterpart in demanding Wool's dismissal. (The matter came to a head in the fall of 1856 and Wool was reassigned by the Army to command of the Eastern Department.) In late January 1856, Stevens arrived in Seattle aboard

7392-472: Was in federal service. Contingency plans for such a force had already been drawn-up by the state's military department and Governor Lister authorized its creation on July 11, 1917. Sixteen infantry companies were organized into what was designated the Third Provisional Regiment and the Washington State Guard became operational on November 15, 1917. With the end of World War I came the disbandment of

7480-485: Was marked by bruising attacks on the candidate's integrity from both the Republican and Democratic camps. Governor Rosellini attempted to portray Evans as a supporter of Barry Goldwater and his record as antithetical to the interests of labor, welfare, and education. Evans in turn charged Rosellini with financial impropriety and cronyism, alleging that the Governor solicited campaign funds from businesses under contract with

7568-655: Was met and turned back at the edge of Yakama territory by a large group of Yakama warriors. As Haller withdrew, his company was engaged and routed by the Yakama at the Battle of Toppenish Creek . The death of Bolon and the United States defeat at Toppenish Creek caused panic across the Washington Territory, provoking fears that an Indian uprising was in progress. The same news emboldened the Yakama and many uncommitted bands rallied to Kamiakin. Rains, who had just 350 federal troops under his immediate command, urgently appealed to Acting Governor Charles Mason (Isaac Stevens

7656-527: Was so great that the various and penetrating odors permeating the food she had brought us was no bar to our relish for it as I remember. Leschi would later express regret for the raid on the White River settlements and post-war accounts given by Nisqually in his band affirmed that the chief had rebuked his commanders who had organized the attack. Army Captain Maurice Maloney, in command of a reinforced company of 243 men, had previously been sent east to cross

7744-736: Was still returning from Washington, D.C. where he had traveled to present the treaties to the Senate for ratification) for military aid, writing that ... all the disposable force in the district will at once take the field, and I have the honor to make a requisition upon you for two companies of volunteers to take the field the earliest possible moment. The composition of these companies to be as follows: One Captain, one First Lieutenant and one Second Lieutenant, two musicians, four Sergeants, four Corporals and seventy four privates. The greatest exertions should be made to raise and equip these companies at once. Meanwhile, Oregon Governor George Law Curry mobilized

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