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44-678: The first bakery in Skellefteå , founded by Karl Edvard Lundström , was supplemented by another, completely mechanized, one in Filipstad in 1931, which has since become the main seat of the corporation. It later acquired several other Swedish bakeries. It started exporting bread in the 1940s, with the first foreign subsidiary founded in Denmark in 1965 and the first foreign bakery built in Celle in Germany in 1967. In

88-462: A church built. However, for the most part, the entire large Northern Swedish territory of Norrland was not Christianized until several hundred years after the rest of Sweden, and many northern areas such as Skellefteå remained unexplored well past the Middle Ages. Not before the very end of the 17th century did the indigenous Sami people of Northern Sweden begin turning to Christianity, much due to

132-485: A decision from Trafikverket , the planned night trains were cancelled before they started running. The closest train station in use is located in Bastuträsk , from which trains heading to several cities including Stockholm , Umeå and Luleå depart, operated by Norrtåg and Vy . There goes a bus to Skellefteå from Bastuträsk, intended for transfers to and from the trains. The High-speed rail line Norrbotniabanan

176-545: A large part of that industry, especially for gold, leading to the city being nicknamed Guldstaden ("gold town"). Politically, Skellefteå is a Social Democratic stronghold. The city is a well-known ice hockey town , with its main team Skellefteå AIK playing in the Swedish top division: the SHL , which they have won on several occasions; most recently in 2024 . The city was incorporated in 1845 and grew to its current population size in

220-413: A later onset of winter have been observed. Precipitation is moderate, the maximum precipitation is in the second half of summer. The difference in average hours of sunshine between months is large: December has very little due to both very short days and high cloud cover, while June has a lot due to long days and relatively clear weather. The European route E4 highway provides the main road connection to

264-499: A letter to Erik Puke requesting assistance to conquer entire Norrland ( al norland vnte han honom wolla ). Ice hockey is generally regarded to be the most popular spectator sport in Norrland. Many of Sweden's most famous hockey players are natives of Norrland, including Peter Forsberg , Börje Salming , Markus Näslund , Henrik Lundqvist , Nicklas Bäckström , Elias Pettersson , and twin brothers Henrik and Daniel Sedin . As of

308-398: Is abundant, although it in many areas is very mild for that classification, especially in coastal regions. In the mountain ranges the tundra climate can be found with summer temperatures averaging below 10 °C (50 °F), but that is due to altitude and not in populated areas. All low-lying areas of Norrland are below the tree line because of the mild summers and so the boreal forest

352-415: Is dominant. In older history, Norrland is one of the four lands of Sweden . To the west it represented the northern half of Sweden bounded to the south by Svealand and to the east it represented the northern half of Finland – which was then a part of Sweden – bounded to the south by Österland . In Svealand and Götaland, the land boundaries were of major juridical and administrative importance, but this

396-539: Is noted for its long shelf life. The company has the status of a Purveyor to the Royal Court of Sweden . Skellefte%C3%A5 Skellefteå ( Swedish: [ɧɛˈlɛ̌ftɛɔ] , locally [ʂɛˈlɛ̌ftɛ] ) is a city in Västerbotten County , Sweden . It is the seat of Skellefteå Municipality , which had 77,322 inhabitants in 2024. The city is historically industrial, with mining being

440-478: Is planned to go through the city, providing it with rail service for the first time since 1990. As a part of this, a new station will be constructed close to the city centre. Service is expected to begin in 2030. [REDACTED] Media related to Skellefteå at Wikimedia Commons Norrland Norrland ( Swedish: [ˈnɔ̌rːland] , "Northland", originally Norrlanden or "the Northlands")

484-424: Is portrayed in movies and series such as Sällskapsresan 2 – Snowroller , The Hunters and Pistvakt – En vintersaga . Despite Norrland being the most diverse of the three lands of Sweden in terms of languages and cultures it is usually portrayed as one homogeneous region. Fiction usually portrays characters from Norrland as villagers from the wilderness even though the majority of the population live in and around

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528-515: Is sometimes portrayed slightly negatively in Swedish fiction, sometimes being a place of terror and dread. The thriller films The Hunters and False Trail ( The Hunters 2 ) show a highly negative portrait of Norrland, filled with racial prejudice and violence. The people of Norrland in their turn tend to have a fairly negative view of people from Stockholm and the rest of southern Sweden, for example by referring to Stockholm as fjollträsk , which loosely translated means "sissy town". This dynamic

572-539: Is the largest town of the vast Lapland province in the far north. Sweden's highest mountain Kebnekaise and deepest lake of Hornavan are in Norrland. Plenty of long rivers originating in the mountains run through the Norrland forests, with major coastal towns frequently being on their estuaries. Their extensive drops in elevation also make Norrland a major producer of hydroelectricity from some of those rivers. Winters in Norrland are cold by Swedish standards but mild for

616-404: Is the northernmost, largest and least populated of the three traditional lands of Sweden , consisting of nine provinces . Although Norrland does not serve any administrative purposes, it continues to exist as a historical, cultural, and geographic region; it is often referred to in everyday language, e.g., in weather forecasts. Several related Norrland dialects form a distinct subset of dialects of

660-596: The Scandinavian Mountains in the west, the Muddus Plains covering much of the inland, and the mixed relief of the eastern coast. Unlike the much more densely populated Svealand and Götaland , which are better known for big cities ( Stockholm , Gothenburg , Malmö ) with landmarks and tourist attractions, Norrland is known for its nature with wide forests, large rivers and untouched wilderness. Most inhabitants live in rural areas and small villages and along

704-450: The Swedish language separate from those to its south. Norrland consists of the majority of the Swedish landmass at about 60% of the land area, but only has about 12% of the country's population. Its largest city is Umeå , while the other four county seats are Gävle , Härnösand , Östersund and Luleå . The largest non-capitals are Sundsvall , Skellefteå and Örnsköldsvik while Kiruna

748-513: The 1950s and 1960s, growing only slowly since. It is the second largest city in Västerbotten after Umeå and is located roughly halfway between it and Luleå . The Skellefte River passes through the city and it is located around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Bothnian Bay open sea. Skellefteå is served by Skellefteå Airport , IATA airport code SFT but locally known as Falmark because of

792-553: The 2023 season, no team from Norrland currently plays in Allsvenskan. However, teams such as GIF Sundsvall , Gefle IF and Östersunds FK have all in recent years played many seasons in Sweden's highest league, and the region has produced its share of famous footballers. Gunnar Nordahl , Tomas Brolin , Jesper Blomqvist and Mikael Lustig are all footballers who grew up in Norrland, and went on to become Swedish internationals. Norrland

836-604: The 2023–24 season, four Norrland teams currently compete in the Swedish Hockey League : Luleå HF , Skellefteå AIK , MoDo Hockey and Timrå IK . Additionally, Brynäs IF and IF Björklöven are also two popular teams from Norrland with long traditions in Swedish ice hockey who currently compete in the second highest league Hockeyallsvenskan . Skiing, both alpine and nordic, is also a popular sport in Norrland. Two of Sweden's largest and most popular ski resorts, Åre and Hemavan , are located in Norrland. Famous skiers from

880-431: The Middle Ages on, the Swedish kings tried to colonize and Christianize the area. As a result of the changing relations to Finland, the northern borders of Norrland have shifted. While the word Finland originally meant only the southwestern part of what is now Finland ( Finland Proper ), the border of Norrland was drawn at the rivers Kaakamojoki or, later, Simojoki . This changed when the eastern half of Sweden (Finland)

924-456: The administration in Stockholm viewed Norrland essentially as a colony consisting of natural resources to be exploited. "In Norrland we have an India within our borders, if only we realize we should be taking advantage of it" ( I Norrland hava vi inom våra gränser ett Indien, blott vi förstå att bruka det ) is a quote attributed to Axel Oxenstierna that fairly well describes the attitude. In

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968-462: The challenges of small town living." The northern town is initially inhospitable to the main character as a boy, whose mother chooses to take him out of the town to escape bullying. He returns years later as an accomplished musician, only to find an insular town where bullying continues in several forms, including from the original classmates who troubled him as a youth. It is through his outside status—along with his music and desire share its joy—that

1012-536: The city, providing direct connections to cities like Stockholm and Sundsvall going south and Luleå going north. Riksväg 95 also serves the city. There is a railway branch line running through Skellefteå, although with no passenger traffic, making it the largest city in Sweden without it. The line is still served by Freight traffic . There were plans to start night trains going from Stockholm to Skellefteå, with service being expected to commence in April 2022. Due to

1056-487: The coast in cities. Towards the end of the 20th century, there was a noticeable increase of the population in Norrland, mainly from people moving from larger cities. The largest cities in Norrland, from north to south, are Luleå , Skellefteå , Umeå , Östersund , Sundsvall and Gävle . With the exception of Östersund, those cities are all near the coast. During the Industrial Revolution , which reached Sweden in

1100-452: The coastal cities. In the 2006 horror film Frostbite , the portrait is more balanced. Unlike most other Swedish films, it takes place in a larger community at the northern peak of Sweden, being filmed in Kalix and Kiruna . The people are shown to be pretty warm and welcoming towards outsiders. Rather than the people, the nature of Norrland is shown to be hostile. A constant darkness roams over

1144-561: The computer industry flourished, subsidiaries of Ericsson and Tieto Enator becoming important employers. Skellefteå has a subarctic climate ( Dfc ) with mild summers and cold, long and snowy winters. The climate is somewhat moderated by the Bothnia Bay , although maritime effects are limited, ensuring warm summer temperatures for a coastal area so far north. In the last century, as part of global climate warming, an increase in summer temperatures as well as an earlier arrival of spring and

1188-500: The early 21st century Wasabröd sells about 80% of its production outside Sweden. K. E. Lundström, the founder of the company, had run his own bakery in Skellefteå since 1915 ( Firma K. E. Lundström ), with the corporation founded in 1919, AB Skellefteå spisbrödsfabrik , taking its original name from the hometown. The Filipstad subsidiary which developed into the main part of the company took the name AB Wasa spisbrödsfabrik in 1934, which

1232-480: The efforts by the Northern Swedish superintendent Mathias Steuchius , who worked hard to accomplish this. Several Sami shamans were killed for this reason. Eventually, the reason for the sudden awakened interest towards Skellefteälven and the surrounding areas was the great northern fishing grounds of salmon . The actual city of Skellefteå is one of the youngest cities of Norrland. It was founded in 1845 by

1276-424: The historical nine provinces ( landskap ): [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Historically, Jämtland and Härjedalen belonged to Norway until 1645, and are thus often considered outside of the historical Norrland. On the other hand, Finland belonged to Sweden until 1809, and during that time, Norrland

1320-460: The historical provinces Ångermanland, Medelpad, Jämtland and Härjedalen. Except for the coastal areas, Norrland is sparsely populated. Approximately 12 percent of Sweden's population lives in Norrland. Except for some coastal areas most of Norrland is made up by the Norrland terrain —hilly and mountainous land covered by boreal forests . More in detail Norrland is made up of three north–south belts:

1364-427: The latitudes. The vastness of the region renders very different environments and climates, ranging from mild coastal climates of Gävleborg to the tundra climate of the high mountains. In general, the most common climate is the subarctic type. The cold climate has led to winter sports being popular, with Norrland teams and athletes being especially successful in ice hockey , skiing and bandy . Norrland comprises

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1408-531: The mid-19th century, Norrland became the source for the important wood and pulp industry. All but four of the major Norrland rivers have been exploited for water power . The rivers in Norrland account for the bulk of hydroelectric power in Sweden, which is in many countries a limited energy source, but Sweden has hydroelectrical power account for approximately 40 percent of its total production of electricity . Mines for producing precious metals have also been located in Norrland. In older history and still today,

1452-466: The official history of Sweden, not much is written about the northern parts of the country. Kebnekaise , Sweden's tallest mountain at 2,111 metres (6,926 feet), is located in Lappland in the north of Norrland. Norrland has a highly variable climate depending on altitude, latitude and distance to water. The southern coastal areas have a humid continental climate , but further north, the subarctic climate

1496-460: The pronunciation.) Barilla's bakery in Filipstad employs 440 people and produces 33,000 tonnes of crispbread annually. In 2009-2014, the owner invested 150 million in the Filipstad factory to modernise the equipment. Wasabröd produces a wide variety of crispbreads . The original crisp bread is made of rye , but their various products include sesame , wheat , and other grains . Like matzo , Wasa

1540-435: The region include Ingemar Stenmark , Anja Pärson and Per Elofsson . Football is also popular in Norrland, but teams from the region have rarely been on the same competitive level as the big city clubs in southern Sweden. To date, no Norrland team has ever won Allsvenskan , Sweden's highest-level football league, and Sandvikens IF is the only Norrland team that has ever finished in the top four (last time in 1956). As of

1584-410: The region typically covers the historical provinces of Norrbotten, Västerbotten and Lappland (the modern counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten), while the southern part covers the remainder of the region. There is also the concept of Middle Norrland ( mellersta Norrland ), which is the northern part of Southern Norrland. Middle Norrland has no clearly defined boundaries, but usually corresponds with

1628-498: The town and there is extreme cold. Vampires have been shown taking a liking to the land and hunt the towns people in the arctic night. The film is notorious for having the actors speak without the district Norrland accent, even the actors in the film who are native to Norrland. A mixed portrait of the region is found in As It Is in Heaven (2004), which "vividly conveys both the delights and

1672-474: The town finds redemption. The plot of the well-known thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo shifts back and forth between Stockholm and the fictional Norrland town of Hedestad. A constantly repeated theme in the book's background are the social, cultural and physical differences between these two locations: Norrland is more sedate, conservative and slow-moving in comparison with the cosmopolitan Stockholm;

1716-404: The vicar Nils Nordlander. Major industries include: The city will become the home of a massive battery plant made by Northvolt by circa 2023. The largest private employer in Skellefteå is the mining company Boliden AB , with about 1,200 employees. The mine's copper ore contains particles of gold, silver and platinum. Skellefteå is still referred to as the "Goldtown" . During the 1990s,

1760-401: The village nearby, also around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city centre to the south. The name Skellefteå is recorded to having been spelled as Skelepht in 1327. On Carta marina the name is spelt Skellitta . The origin of the name remains unknown, but is assumed to be of Sami origin. From the 14th century on, attempts were made to Christianize Skellefteå. A parish was formed and

1804-477: Was extended into Northern Finland. Administratively, Sweden is not divided into provinces but into counties ( län ). Although Norrland is defined in terms of the historical provinces and not the counties, it roughly comprises the modern counties of Gävleborg , Jämtland , Norrbotten , Västerbotten and Västernorrland . Sometimes, Norrland is subdivided into Northern Norrland ( norra Norrland ) and Southern Norrland ( södra Norrland ). The northern part of

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1848-458: Was lost to Russia in 1809, and the new border was drawn at Torne River . The southern border was originally everything north of the Gästrikland province (until the 14th or 15th century a part of Uppland ), but since the mid 17th century, Gästrikland is also considered a part of Norrland. The name can be first traced from Karl's Chronicle , explaining how Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson in 1433 sent

1892-507: Was not the case with Norrland. The name Norrland just gradually became a denomination of everything north of Svealand. Up to the Middle Ages, the northern part of Norrland ( Norrbotten and Lappland ) was sparsely populated by Sami , Kvens and different tribes/people related to the Finns . In the southern part of Norrland, Swedish and Norwegian settlers lived side by side with the Sami population. From

1936-491: Was shortened to AB Wasabröd in 1964. The brand Wasa was originally that of one particular product, Vasaknäcke , featuring an image of King Gustavus Vasa . The company has used both a royal crown and the peculiar heraldic charge , the garb ( Swedish : vase ), which gave name to the Vasa dynasty , in its marketing. (Using the letter W instead of V is an archaism in Swedish; it is not uncommon in marketing, but does not affect

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