The College of War (sometimes War Collegium , or similar, but not to be confused with other institutions of the same name) was a Russian executive body (or collegium ), created in the government reform of 1717 . It was the only one of the six original and three later colleges to survive the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia . Under Paul I , it became the model for a newly centralised government.
14-534: The College of War contained several functional departments which operated independently, but under the overall supervision of the college and its President; after 1798 there were to be seven sections. In 1802 it became the Ministry of Land Forces , although this resulted in no fundamental change to the nature of the institution. Peter the Great has established it by the decree, in 1719, was announced it establishing, following
28-422: A 2nd-century marble that was first mentioned in 1594, by the sculptor Flaminio Vacca , by which time it was already in the collection of Ferdinando; Vacca reported that it had been found in the via Prenestina , outside Porta San Lorenzo . According to Vacca, the lion had been a relief, which was carved free of its background and reworked by "Giovanni Sciarano" or Giovanni di Scherano Fancelli , of whom little
42-530: Is now known. The second was made and signed by Vacca, also in marble, as a pendant to the ancient sculpture at a date variously reported as between 1594 and 1598 or between 1570 and 1590. The pair were in place at the Loggia dei Leoni in 1598 The pendant was made from a capital that had come from the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus . The Villa Medici was inherited by the house of Lorraine in 1737, and in 1787
56-637: The Villa Medici , Rome . Since 1789 they have been displayed at the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence . The sculptures depict standing male lions with a sphere or ball under one paw, looking to the side. Copies of the Medici lions have been made and publicly installed in over 30 other locations, and smaller versions made in a variety of media; Medici lion has become the term for the type. A similar Roman lion sculpture, of
70-597: The 1st century AD, is known as the Albani lion , and is now in the Louvre . Here, the stone used for the ball is different from the basalt body. Both may derive from a Hellenistic original. A pair of lions were required by Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , who had acquired the Villa Medici in 1576, to serve as majestic ornaments for the villa's garden staircase, the Loggia dei leoni. The first lion originates from
84-549: The example of foreign powers to control military and ground forces , from January 1, 1720, it began to operate. It had a president , a vice president , 4 advisers (in the ranks of the generals ) and 4 assessors (in the regimental ranks). The Military Board had the Chancellery divided into expeditions for the management of cavalry and infantry , for garrison affairs, fortification and artillery management, for keeping logs of incoming and outgoing papers. The procedure for
98-513: The increase in the number of troops, the duties of the higher military administration were to increase too, thus, the new expeditions were established under the military board. In 1798, it was divided into army, garrison, foreign, recruitment , repair and training expeditions; in addition, it has military, counting, inspecting, commissariat, food and artillery, general auditorium, drawing with the archive and Moscow artillery depot expeditions. A few decades later (September 7, 1802) under Alexander I ,
112-466: The lack of qualified specialists [the source is not specified 594 days]. The military board was divided into three expeditions: Moreover, it had the general-auditor, the general-fiscal and the chief auditor . The prosecutor followed the legality of the decision-making process carried out by the Military Board. The prosecutor was directly subordinate to the prosecutor-general . Subsequently, with
126-709: The lions were moved to Florence , and since 1789 they flank the steps to the Loggia dei Lanzi at the Piazza della Signoria . The sculptures were replaced by copies at the Villa Medici when Napoleon relocated the French Academy in Rome to the villa in 1803. These copies were made by the French sculptor Augustin Pajou . The original Medici lions (1598) have since 1789 stood in the Loggia dei Lanzi , Piazza della Signoria , Florence . There
140-552: The military board was transformed into a military ministry . The highest official in the management body was the president (of the year). The vice-president (of the year) was the deputy top executive in the management body: Ministry of War (Russia) Ministry of War of the Russian Empire , ( Russian : Военное министерство , Military Ministry ) was an administrative body in the Russian Empire from 1802 to 1917. It
154-588: The proceedings in cases was determined by the General Regulation of February 28 (March 10) of 1720. In 1720, in the Military Collegium there were 13 class officials , 47 clerics and 8 other servants, and 454 soldiers and non-commissioned officers attached to the college. In 1720, three foreigners served in the Military Collegium, but 82 full-time members of the college were still vacant due to
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#1732855204823168-657: Was bought by the State Treasury for the Military Collegium in 1795 (later it was rebuilt and transformed into the Mariinsky Palace ). In 1824, the mezzanine and the first floor of the Lobanov-Rostovsky Residence (12 Admiralteysky Avenue) were rented for the Ministry of War for 63,000 roubles a year. On 23 June 1828, the entire building was bought by the State Treasury for one million roubles, and in 1829-1830 it
182-633: Was established in 1802 as the Ministry of ground armed forces ( Russian : Министерство военно-сухопутных сил ) taking over responsibilities from the College of War during the Government reform of Alexander I . It was renamed to the Ministry of War in 1815. At the end of the 19th century, the Ministry of War had following structure. The Ministry was initially accommodated in Count Zakhar Chernyshyov 's former palace on Moika River Embankment, which
196-409: Was renovated to meet the Ministry's needs. It housed the principal establishments of the Ministry until its dissolution in 1918. The main entrance is guarded by white marble Medici lions . Medici lions The Medici lions are a pair of marble sculptures of lions : one of which is Roman , dating to the 2nd century AD, and the other a 16th-century pendant . By 1598 both were placed at
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