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25-471: Huantsán is located in the boundary of the provinces of Huaraz and Huari, in the region of Ancash. It belongs to the southern part of the Cordillera Blanca and is the only elevation that exceeds 6000m in that area. Huantsán consists of four peaks: Huantsán Norte (6.113m), Huantsán (6.395m), Huantsán Oeste (6.270m) and Huantsán Sur (5.913m). Huantsán is protected inside Huascarán National Park . Huantsán

50-490: A conflict between the park's purposes and the ancestral rights to the land by the locals). Biosphere Reserve Man and the Biosphere Programme ( MAB ) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1971 by UNESCO , that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of relationships' between people and their environments. MAB engages with the international development agenda, especially

75-599: A government resolution prohibiting the logging and hunting of native species in the area of the Cordillera Blanca was issued. Later that year, the Patronage of Huascarán National Park was formed in Yungay . In 1967, Curry Slaymaker and Joel Albrecht, Peace Corps volunteers, formulated delimitation proposal on an area of 85,000 hectares (210,000 acres); and simultaneously, the Forest Regional Service of Huaraz established

100-463: A variety of climates from subalpine to alpine and tundra . The valleys and mountain slopes are covered with scattered high Andean forests and puna grassland . More than 120 bird species have been reported in this area including the Andean condor , the torrent duck , the puna tinamou , the brown pintail , the Andean crested duck , the giant hummingbird , the yanavico , the white-tufted grebe ,

125-693: Is defined by its main governing body, the International Coordinating Council. The MAB Council consists of 34 member states elected by UNESCO's General Conference. The council elects a chair and five vice-chairs from each of UNESCO's geopolitical regions, one of which functions as a rapporteur. These constitute the MAB Bureau. The MAB Secretariat is based at UNESCO's Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris. It works with field offices at national and regional levels. MAB

150-466: Is funded by UNESCO and mobilizes funds in trust granted by Member States, bilateral and multilateral sources, and extra-budgetary funds provided by countries, the private sector and private institutions. The first World Congress of Biosphere Reserves was held in Minsk, Belarus in 1983; the congress created an 'Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves' which was adopted the following year. The second World Congress

175-495: Is one of the less climbed of all 6000m peaks in the Cordillera Blanca. All routes to the main summit are technically committing, the easier being the north-northwest ridge rated D+/TD-, involving a traverse from the nearby Huantsán Norte down a steep narrow snow ridge to a saddle at 6,050 metres (19,849 ft) and a final section of steep snow and ice. More difficult is the west face, rated TD and requiring climbing on steep rock, mixed ground and bulges of water ice. Even more difficult

200-481: Is part of the central Andes , in the region of Ancash . The park covers an area of 340,000 hectares (840,000 acres) and is managed by the Peruvian Network of Protected Natural Areas, or SERNANP (Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas). It was designated as a World Heritage Site in 1985 by UNESCO , is also a well-known mountaineering spot, and harbors a unique biodiversity with plant species such as

225-407: Is the northeast ridge, rated TD+ and climbed on the 17 August 1974 in two weeks by a party of thirteen people using fixed ropes. In 1945, an avalanche coming from Huantsán buried the village of Chavín, killing about 500 people. The first ascent to Huantsán was performed by the team of Tom de Booy, Cees Egeler and Lionel Terray in 1952, who reached the main summit via the north summit. Huantsán and

250-503: The IUCN classification system . The IUCN distinguishes between the biosphere core area, buffer zones, transition zones, and each individual biosphere reserve. Biosphere core zones were in IUCN category I; either Ia ( strict nature reserve ) or Ib ( wilderness area ). Biosphere buffer zones would fall into categories IV, V or VI, and transition zones would be categorized as either V or VI, if possible. In

275-857: The Marañón River and ultimately to the Amazon River and the Atlantic Ocean . Official efforts to protect this area started in 1960, when Senator Augusto Guzmán Robles presented a bill to the Peruvian Congress for the creation of Huascarán National Park. In 1963, the Forestry and Hunting Service ( Servicio Forestal y de Caza ) presented a preliminary project for the delimitation of the Cordillera Blanca National Park, covering an area of 321,000 hectares (790,000 acres). On 18 February 1966,

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300-623: The Queen of the Andes , trees of the genera Polylepis and Buddleja , and animals such as spectacled bears , condors , vicunas , and tarucas . The park is approximately 150 kilometers (93 mi) long from north to south and averages about 25 kilometers (16 mi) in width. The western slope of the Cordillera Blanca drains to the Pacific Ocean via the Santa River and the eastern slopes drain to

325-744: The Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda . The MAB programme provides a platform for cooperation in research and development. As of July 2024 , 759 sites across 136 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves . The reserves cover more than 5% of the world’s surface and are home to over 260 million people. Biosphere reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Its biosphere reserves are nominated by national governments and remain under

350-460: The giant coot , the chiguanco thrush and the Andean gull . More than ten species of mammals have been observed in the park, several of them endangered , including the colocolo , the Andean mountain cat , the spectacled bear , the taruca deer , the vicuña , the white-tailed deer , the puma , the northern viscacha , the long-tailed weasel , the hog-nosed skunk and the Andean fox . Some 779 plant species have been identified inside

375-448: The vicuña and queen-of the-Andes surveillance zone for an area of approximately 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres). Finally, on 1 July 1975, Huascarán National Park was created by decree No. 0622-75-AG, with an extension of 340,000 hectares (840,000 acres). Definite delimitation of Huascarán National Park was possible through the reversion of land to state control by means of compensated land expropriation. The park's boundaries avoided

400-455: The 2020s, the zones are categorized as follows: core (category I-IV), buffer (category V-VI), transition (uncategorized). Participating countries establish MAB National Committees that define and implement each country's activities. MAB currently operates through 158 national committees established among the 195 member states and nine associate member states of UNESCO. The agenda of the MAB programme

425-514: The Cordillera Blanca are protected within Huascarán National Park since 1975. This Ancash Region geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Huascar%C3%A1n National Park Huascarán National Park ( Spanish : Parque Nacional Huascarán ) is a Peruvian national park that comprises most of the mountain range known as Cordillera Blanca (the world's highest tropical mountain range) which

450-475: The Cordillera Blanca, which is the world's highest tropical mountain range. Located in the central Peruvian Andes, the park's 340,000 hectares (840,000 acres) cover an elevational range from around 2,500 meters (8,200 ft) to the several snow-capped peaks above 6,000 meters (20,000 ft). Among those peaks are Huascarán (Peru's highest at 6,768 meters (22,205 ft)), Huandoy , Copa , Huantsán and many others. Other geographical features inside

475-402: The dry season brings sunshine almost every day and cloudless but cold nights. Daily temperatures in the rainy season can go from a maximum of 20 °C (68 °F) to a minimum of 5 °C (41 °F); while in the dry season the maximum can be 24 °C (75 °F) and the minimum 2 °C (36 °F). Being the highest tropical mountain range in the world, the Cordillera Blanca boasts

500-436: The inclusion of settlements when possible, but several communities continue to raise livestock, although park authorities try to regulate the practice. In 1977, UNESCO recognized Huascarán National Park as a Biosphere Reserve , which covers the Santa River valley, well beyond the park's boundaries, encompassing many villages and towns. In 1985 the park was declared a World Heritage Site . Huascarán National Park protects

525-452: The park can enjoy activities such as hiking , wildlife watching , mountain biking , skiing , mountaineering , trekking and cultural tourism . Huascarán has 25 trekking routes and 102 mountaineering spots. The park also has potential for research in many scientific areas, such as: meteorology , geology , glaciology , botany , limnology , zoology , ecology , and wildlife management . There are 33 archaeological sites within

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550-467: The park include: U-shaped valleys , 660 tropical glaciers (the largest glaciated area in the tropics), 300 glacial lakes and high plateaus intersected by ravines with torrential creeks . The climate in the park has two well defined seasons: a rainy season from December to March and a dry season from April to November. During the rainy season thunderstorms are frequent and the fields and mountain slopes are covered in many shades of green; however,

575-418: The park, the queen of the Andes ( Puya raimondii ) being one of the most representative and an object of conservation. Other plant species present in the park are: Polylepis racemosa , Escallonia resinosa , Alnus acuminata , Senna birostris, Vallea stipularis , Lupinus spp ., Vaccinium floribundum , Calamagrostis vicunarum, Festuca dolichophylla , Jarava ichu , Azorella spp., etc. Visitors to

600-477: The park, which include: cave paintings, ancient settlements, terraces for agriculture, tombs, fortresses and irrigation works. There's also a pre-Columbian road between the towns of Olleros and Chavin . Among the main common threats to the park are glacier retreat due to global warming; hydropower projects; legal and illegal mining operations with low environmental standards; and loss of biodiversity to agricultural land and pastures (the latter mainly due to

625-496: The sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. Their status is internationally recognized. Biosphere reserves are 'Science for Sustainability support sites'. Biosphere reserves have three zones: The first biosphere reserves were designated in 1976 in several countries including the US, UK, Uruguay, Thailand, Iran and Poland. In 1996, the IUCN and MAB published a guideline for how to assess UNESCO biosphere reserves in

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