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41-609: A native of Wiener Neustadt , Riehl joined the army as a one-year volunteer in 1900. Following his military service he enrolled in the Faculty of Law at Vienna University and, after also studying at several institutions in Germany, he graduated in 1908 with his doctorate in law. Whilst studying he was briefly active in the Social Democratic Party of Austria , where his main contribution was an attempt to influence fellow members towards

82-509: A few degrees above freezing in the daytime. Wiener Neustadt Hauptbahnhof ( German : main station ) lies on the Südbahn (German: southern railway) as well as several regional railways. It is owned and operated by the ÖBB and is the busiest railway station in Lower Austria. There are also two additional S-Bahn stations and one regional train station within the city. Wiener Neustadt lies on

123-591: A number of cases and in the aftermath of the Schattendorf Incident it was he who secured the acquittal of the accused rightist leaders. Riehl returned to the Nazis on 26 September 1930, being admitted as member number 360.702. He returned to a prominent position within the party and used this influence to again promote his anti-Semitic agenda. In 1931 he called for castration for any Jewish man caught having sex with an Aryan girl and when elected to Vienna council

164-602: A supporter of Italian fascism and under his leadership the Frontkämpfervereinigung abandoned any pretensions of being pan-nationalist and instead embraced fascism fully. The group operated alongside the Heimwehr , although it had a sometimes troublesome relationship with that movement, due to Hiltl's support for union with Germany. The group also had a youth wing, the Jungfrontkämpfervereinigung , of which

205-623: A tutor at Vienna Infantry Cadet School. He served for the entirety of the First World War, initially in Serbia , then Italy , before a return to Serbia and finally South Tyrol where he was captured and spent time in an Italian prisoner-of-war camp . By the end of the war Hiltl had risen to the rank of colonel. After his release he formed his own 'Battalion Hiltl' as a force against growing radicalism in Austria and he soon reorganised this group as

246-524: A youthful Adolf Eichmann was a member. Hiltl's support for union with Germany brought him into contact with the Nazi Party , although he was never a member as he hated party politics. Nonetheless a number of leading Nazis, including Alfred Frauenfeld , passed through his movement and he was guest of honour at the Nazi Party conference in 1929. It became a moot point with his death in 1930, although most of

287-521: The Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP) in 1908. As a DAP member representing the middle classes he advocated a name change and a broadening of membership away from simply the working classes . Influenced by the radical racialist theories of Georg Ritter von Schönerer , Riehl took a leading role in organising the party's youth movement. Considered part of the DAP's radical wing, he argued that dictatorship

328-613: The A2 Süd Autobahn and the S4 Mattersburger Schnellstraße. The cities' bus network has 11 lines operating in the city and connecting it to neighboring villages. The city has two airfields (the military Wiener Neustadt West Airport , the first airfield in Austria, and the civilian Wiener Neustadt East Airport ) and is the starting point of Austria's only shipping canal , the Wiener Neustadt Canal , which

369-674: The Bund für Ordnung und Wirtschaftsschutz . This latter group soon gave way to the Frontkämpfervereinigung , an organisation that served a similar purpose to the Der Stahlhelm in Germany i.e. a rallying point for militant nationalist rightists opposed to the growth of socialism and communism . This group however called for a unification of the German volk and blamed the Jews on preventing this unity. Hiltl

410-708: The Georgenberg Pact . Duke Leopold V of Austria established the town called Neustadt in 1194 and financed the construction of a fortress close to the Hungarian border with the ransom paid for the English king Richard the Lionheart , whom he had previously captured and held as a hostage at Dürnstein Castle. In 1241, a small Mongol squadron raided Neustadt during the Mongol incursions in

451-880: The Gestapo after the Anschluss , he then attempted to join the NSDAP but was rejected on account of his shaky record on supporting union with Germany . He was eventually allowed to join the Nazi Party although he was never more than a rank-and-file member. He disappeared from the public eye after this although after the Second World War he held membership of the Austrian People's Party . Riehl died in Vienna . Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt ( German pronunciation: [ˈviːnɐ ˈnɔʏʃtat] ; lit.   ' Newtown in

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492-419: The Jews and wanted them expelled from the country. He also supported profit sharing and land reform and also sought to build up the party in universities, setting up a German Academic Association of National Socialists as early as June 1919. Where the DAP had been avowedly a "class" party, Riehl sought to distance the group from any such consideration, instead tying it in to the wider Völkisch movement . Riehl

533-705: The Kuruc . It was at Neustadt that the emperor Rudolf II granted to the Bohemian Protestants , in 1609, the Majestätsbrief , or patent of equal rights. The revocation of this patent helped to precipitate the Thirty Years' War . In 1751 the city received greater attention when Empress Maria Theresa of Austria decided to dedicate the First Military Academy, worldwide, inside the imperial castle. In 1752,

574-586: The Theresian Military Academy took up its operations, which have continued to this day with only a few interruptions ( Erwin Rommel was appointed commandant after the Austrian Anschluss in 1938). In 1768, Wiener Neustadt was destroyed by an earthquake that damaged the castle, which was rebuilt using plans made by the architect Nicolò Pacassi . In 1785, Emperor Joseph II of Habsburg transferred

615-687: The Theresian Military Academy , which was established by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in 1751 to train officers for the Austrian army. The area once belonged to the County of Pitten , which had been inherited by Margrave Ottokar III of Styria in 1158. After the dynasty of the Otakars became extinct with the death of his son Ottokar IV , the Duchy of Styria passed to the Austrian House of Babenberg according to

656-688: The Wiener Neustadt Arena , which opened in 2019. In 1995, the Stadion Wiener Neustadt hosted the world championship round called the 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Austria . It also hosted rounds of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1978, 1986 to 1989 and 1993 and rounds of the Speedway World Pairs Championship in 1988, 1990 and 1993. When speedway ended at the Stadion Wiener Neustadt, a smaller speedway venue

697-528: The temperance movement . A devout member of the Catholic Church , he became appalled at the tendency towards Marxism that was gaining importance in the party at the time, and ultimately left before 1907 citing the dominance of Jewish members within the party. From then on anti-Semitism was to be central to Riehl's personal political creed. Moving to the right, Riehl was initially a disciple of conservative philosopher Othmar Spann . Despite this he joined

738-520: The 15th century, Wiener Neustadt experienced a population boom, when Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg took up a residence here and established the Diocese of Wiener Neustadt in 1469. His wife, Eleanor of Portugal , died in Wiener Neustadt in 1467, and the late Gothic church of the old Cistercian abbey contains a monument to her memory. The Wappenwand (coat-of-arms wall) at the local castle displays

779-589: The European leg of Woodstock '99 over the weekend of July 16 to 18 1999. It was intended that up to 300,000 people would the festival, but the European leg of Woodstock '99 was ultimately canceled. 1. Wiener Neustädter SC and then 1. Wiener Neustädter SC (2008) played in the Austrian Football First League at the Stadion Wiener Neustadt before the stadium was demolished and replaced by

820-685: The Holy Roman Empire but was later repulsed by Duke Friederich and his knights. In 1246 it was the scene of a victory of the Hungarians over the Austrians. Neustadt gained important privileges given to the city in order to enable it to prosper. It remained a part of Styria, which after the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld fell to the House of Habsburg and in 1379 became a constituent duchy of Inner Austria . In

861-497: The area of the Civitas Nova, a cancer treatment center for ion therapy was opened under the name of MedAustron . In 1996 Wiener Neustadt received international attention as the so-called "sidewalk" designed by Japanese artist Tadashi Kawamata was built around the main square. Wiener Neustadt is the setting for the book Reluctant Return: A Survivor's Journey to an Austrian town . It was announced that Wiener Neustadt would host

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902-508: The city in August 1487 after having laid siege to it for two years . According to legend he dedicated the magnificent Corvinus Cup to the inhabitants after his victory. Maximilian I managed to reconquer his native city in 1490. During the 16th century, Wiener Neustadt lost its status as imperial residence and much of its importance. However, it still fulfilled its function as bulwark against the Turks and

943-417: The coats of arms of his possessions in the middle. His son Maximilian I maintained his court in Wiener Neustadt and is buried here at St. George's Cathedral. The town then also had a significant Jewish commune with Rabbi Israel Isserlin as its most notable member, until all Jews were expelled by order of Emperor Maximilian I in 1496. Habsburg's long-time rival King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary conquered

984-485: The following year he made a further call for expulsion of the Jews from the area. Indeed, for Riehl anti-Semitism was the entire basis of the Nazis' appeal in Austria, along with their anti-communism . Despite his extreme views on the Jews, Riehl was more committed to constitutional methods than some of his DNSAP colleagues and he became a critic of some of the group's excesses, such that he was expelled again on 9 August 1933. He

1025-402: The land of Vienna ' [i.e. Lower Austria ]; Central Bavarian : Weana Neistod , pronounced [ˈvɛɐ̯nɐ ˈnɔɪ̯ʃtɔt] ) is a city located south of Vienna , in the state of Lower Austria, in northeast Austria . It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administration of Wiener Neustadt-Land District . The city is the site of one of the world's oldest military academies,

1066-558: The left-wing Republikanischer Schutzbund . The Frontkämpfervereinigung activists opened fire and killed an adult and a six-year-old boy. When they were found not guilty on grounds of self-defence by a jury, the socialists organised a general strike which led to the July Revolt of 1927 . Following this, the previously shared leadership was done away with and Hiltl became sole leader of the movement in September 1927. By this time, he had become

1107-537: The marshalling yards, the Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke (WNF) factory, and two Raxwerke plants which used forced laborers imprisoned at Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp , were repeatedly bombed . Bombing operations such as Operation Pointblank left only 18 of 4,000 buildings undamaged. The average monthly temperatures are generally cool ( see table below ), with summer months reaching 21–26 °C (70–79 °F) and winter months reaching

1148-662: The regular army, where he saw action on the Italian Front . He became deputy chairman of the DAP in March 1918 and two months leader took over as leader. The party was renamed Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP) immediately after the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . As leader Riehl moved the DNSAP, which had mainly been an anti- Czech party towards anti-Semitism . He sought to blame Austria's problems on

1189-598: The see of the Wiener Neustadt diocese to Sankt Pölten . In the 19th century the city, which was almost entirely rebuilt after a destructive fire in 1834, became an industrial town, especially after the opening of the Austrian Southern Railway in 1841. In 1909, the "first official Austrian airfield" was inaugurated north of the city. It served as a training ground for the flight pioneers Igo Etrich , Karl Illner and Adolf Warchalowski , who conducted their tests there. The Austro-Hungarian strike of January 1918

1230-473: The two very early and Carsten has suggested that Hitler added the epithet 'National Socialist' to his German Workers Party in imitation of Riehl's movement. Riehl remained as leader of the DNSAP until 1923 when it split between the pro-Hitler and pro-independence factions. Initially placed on a leave of absence, supposedly for health reasons, Riehl was eventually expelled from the party as the Hitlerite wing gained

1271-535: The upper hand. Riehl took charge of the pro-independence Deutschsozialen Verein wing of the party with Karl Schulz leading the Hitlerite group. Riehl's party worked closely with the Greater German People's Party and in the 1927 election they presented a joint list under the name Nationale Einheitsfront . He also played a role in Hermann Hiltl 's Frontkämpfervereinigung , a Pan-German militia group that

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1312-457: Was an Austrian army officer who became leader of his own right wing militia, the Frontkämpfervereinigung (Front Fighters' Union), after the First World War . He embraced both fascism and Pan-Germanism without fully committing to Nazism . A career soldier, Hiltl attended the military academy at Wiener Neustadt before being commissioned to Infantry Regiment No. 33. He also served as

1353-474: Was aware from early on of the existence of the German Workers' Party in Germany itself and maintained correspondence with its early leader Anton Drexler . He was not a supporter of union with Germany but nonetheless he accepted a subservient role to Adolf Hitler at an early stage, referring to him " unseren reichsdeutschen führer " (our German Reich leader) in 1922. Certainly contact was established between

1394-471: Was especially critical of the leadership of Theodor Habicht and Alfred Frauenfeld , in particular the botched Coup d'état of 1934 which resulted in the murder of Engelbert Dollfuss . Advocating a more Christianity-based form of nationalism, he established the Weiner Stadtklub as an ideological discussion group in 1937, although this proved to be largely Nazi in character. Briefly held in detention by

1435-658: Was ignored and they marched on the Town Hall. Here they were joined by other workers from the locomotive factory , the radiator works, the aircraft factory and local ammunition plants of G. Rath and the Lichtenwörther. On 14 January over 10,000 workers gathered outside the town hall to complain about the halving of the flour ration. Inspired by the Russian Revolution the workers set up Workers Councils . During World War II , strategic targets in Wiener Neustadt, including

1476-470: Was independent of the Nazis. Riehl's profile fell somewhat after the split as the pro-Germany wing won the lion's share of support. However Riehl would come back into favour in 1925 when he defended Otto Rothstock at his trial for the murder of Hugo Bettauer . His involvement in the trial helped him to regain prestige in the DNSAP after resigning from the leadership following the schisms of 1923. Riehl gained notoriety for his defences of right-wing leaders in

1517-581: Was meant to reach out to Trieste but was never finished. Elections in January 2020: Total: 40 seats Austria's first and largest Fachhochschule for business and engineering, the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt , is located here. The most recent extension of the city is the Civitas Nova , Latin for new city , an ambitious project for an industrial, research and commercial center. In 2015, on

1558-583: Was personally noted for his anti-Semitism and when speaking to a March 1921 conference of the Antisemitenbund he called for Jews in Austria to be stripped of their citizenship, blaming them for the collapse of the Habsburg Empire . On 30 January 1927 a small number of armed members of the Frontkämpfervereinigung were involved in a confrontation with a much larger group of unarmed members of

1599-564: Was started in Wiener Neustadt by workers from the Austro-Daimler factory, which was engaged in arms production, and inspired by the Bolshevik seizure of power to take strike action to oppose the war. A key factor in the strike was the halving of the flour ration. Porsche met the workers and agreed to drive to Vienna to speak to the Minister of Food. However his plea to the workers to return to work

1640-467: Was the only option in overcoming class conflict whilst also becoming noted for his expression of anti-Czech sentiments. His involvement with the party saw him lose the position he had held within the Austrian civil service and he spent time working in a lawyer's office in Germany around 1911. Following the outbreak of the First World War he enlisted in the Landsturm before in late 1915 being recalled to

1681-485: Was used in nearby Eggendorf . The city is home to a baseball and softball team called the "Diving Ducks", which have had success both within the country and internationally. They provide teams for various age groups, starting from the youngest team to the softball team "Crazy Chicklets", the adult team "Rubber Ducks" as well as their professional team the "Diving Ducks". Hermann Hiltl Hermann Hiltl , also Hermann Ritter von Hiltl (16 June 1872 – 15 August 1930)

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