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34-764: The Tomilin Glacier was photographed from aircraft of the United States Navy Operation Highjump in 1947, and by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition 1958. It was named by the latter for Soviet polar aviator Mikhail N. Tomilin (1908-52), who perished in the Arctic. The Tomilin Glacier forms in the Wilson Hills , flowing north or northeast from Governor Mountain and Pope Mountain , and passing Feeney Ridge, Serba Peak, Axthelm Ridge and Parkinson Peak to

68-522: A Martin PBM Mariner ) during a blizzard. The surviving six crew members were rescued 13 days later, including aviation radioman James H. Robbins and co-pilot William Kearns. A plaque honoring the three killed crewmen was later erected at the McMurdo Station research base, and Mount Lopez on Thurston Island was named in honor of killed naval aviator Maxwell A. Lopez. In December 2004, an attempt

102-416: Is discussing Operation HIGHJUMP with admirals Byrd and Cruzen. The film re-enacted scenes of critical events, such as shipboard damage control and Admiral Byrd throwing items out of an airplane to lighten it to avoid crashing into a mountain. It won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

136-655: Is estimated that at least 150,000 such envelopes were produced, though their final number may be considerably higher. Rear Admiral Richard H. Cruzen , USN, Commanding Capt. George J. Dufek , USN, Commanding Capt. Charles A. Bond , USN, Commanding Rear Admiral Richard H. Cruzen , USN, Commanding Officer Rear Adm. Richard E. Byrd , Jr. USN, (Ret), Officer in Charge Capt. Clifford M. Campbell , USN, Commanding On December 30, 1946, aviation radiomen Wendell K. Henderson, Fredrick W. Williams, and Ensign Maxwell A. Lopez were killed when their plane crashed (named George 1—

170-738: Is open to anyone who has travelled to Antarctic or subantarctic regions with the Australian Antarctic Program . The club has thousands of members. Its emblem is the emperor penguin on a map of Antarctica. A sub-organisation is the Antarctic Family and Friends Association, originally established in 1965 by Nel Law as the Antarctic Wives' Association of Australia. Anare Street in the Aurora Village in Greenwith, South Australia

204-550: The Martin PBM-5 George 1 crashed on Thurston Island killing Ensign Maxwell A. Lopez, ARM1 Wendell K. Henderson, and ARM1 Frederick W. Williams. The other six crew members were rescued 13 days later. These and Vance N. Woodall, who died on January 21, 1947, were the only fatalities during Operation HIGHJUMP. On January 1, 1947, Lieutenant Commander Thompson and Chief Petty Officer John Marion Dickison utilized "Jack Browne" masks and DESCO oxygen rebreathers to log

238-666: The United States Coast Guard . Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions ( ANARE / æ n ˈ ɑːr i / ann- AR -ee ) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Australia has had a long involvement in south polar regions since as early as Douglas Mawson 's Australasian Antarctic Expedition in 1911. Further Australian exploration of

272-522: The leopard seal as a simplified ANARE symbol. "I was struck with the possibility of formalising a sketch of the creature to produce a geometrical pattern of straight lines....I drew it in the national colours of gold and green." That symbol served until 1985, when a new 'globe' logo based on the Australian and Antarctic continents was developed by the AAD . At the same time the term ANARE fell out of official use

306-821: The 'globe' logo was also discarded in favour of the Australian coat of arms to bring the livery of the AAD in line with the rest of the Australian Public Service. However like the ANARE name the logo continues to be used on an informal basis by expeditioners each year in the production of Antarctic Station badges, T-shirts and other memorabilia. The ANARE Club is a membership organisation established in 1951 for current and previous members of Australian Antarctic expeditions. Its headquarters are in Melbourne, Australia , with branches in most Australian capital cities. Membership

340-578: The Antarctic continent was conducted during the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), which was conducted over the years 1929–1931. The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions were established in 1947 with expeditions to Macquarie Island and Heard Island . In 1948 the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) was established to administer the expedition program. The name ANARE fell out of official use in

374-579: The Chilean newspaper El Mercurio and read in part as follows: Admiral Richard E. Byrd warned today that the United States should adopt measures of protection against the possibility of an invasion of the country by hostile planes coming from the polar regions. The admiral explained that he was not trying to scare anyone, but the cruel reality is that in case of a new war, the United States could be attacked by planes flying over one or both poles. This statement

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408-459: The Ross Ice Shelf under a piece of roller equipment designed to 'pave' the ice to build an airstrip." The documentary about the expedition The Secret Land was filmed entirely by military photographers (both USN and US Army) and narrated by actors Robert Taylor , Robert Montgomery , and Van Heflin . It features Chief of Naval Operations Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz in a scene where he

442-581: The U.S. Navy report of the operation, were: The Western Group of ships reached the Marquesas Islands on December 12, 1946, whereupon the USS Henderson and USS Cacapon set up weather monitoring stations. By December 24, the USS Currituck had begun launching aircraft on reconnaissance missions. The Eastern Group of ships reached Peter I Island in late December 1946. On December 30, 1946,

476-515: The United States in late February 1947, and the expedition was terminated due to the early approach of winter and worsening weather conditions. Byrd discussed the lessons learned from the operation in an interview with Lee van Atta of International News Service held aboard the expedition's command ship, the USS Mount Olympus . The interview appeared in the Wednesday, March 5, 1947, edition of

510-763: The Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Commander Charles E. Axthelm, United States Navy, Flag Secretary to the Commander of the United States Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during Operation Deep Freeze 1969 and 1970; Executive Officer on the USS Glacier during Deep Freeze 1965 and 1966. 69°33′S 159°00′E  /  69.550°S 159.000°E  / -69.550; 159.000 . A pyramidal peak, 690 metres (2,260 ft) high, near

544-414: The Wilson Hills. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1963-64, after Sir Bernard Fergusson, Governor-General of New Zealand, who made a flight over the party during his visit to Antarctica. 69°40′S 159°06′E  /  69.667°S 159.100°E  / -69.667; 159.100 . A ridge, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long, which is mainly ice free along the crest. It parallels

578-426: The admiral – is one of the most important lessons learned during his recent Antarctic exploration. I have to warn my compatriots that the time has ended when we were able to take refuge in our isolation and rely on the certainty that the distances, the oceans, and the poles were a guarantee of safety. After the operation ended, a follow-up Operation Windmill returned to the area in order to provide ground-truthing to

612-442: The aerial photography of HIGHJUMP from 1947 to 1948. Finn Ronne also financed a private operation to the same territory until 1948. As with other U.S. Antarctic expeditions, interested persons were allowed to send letters with enclosed envelopes to the base, where commemorative cachets were added to their enclosures, which were then returned to the senders. These souvenir philatelic covers are readily available at low cost. It

646-798: The central part of Wilson Hills. It drains east-northeast along the south side of Goodman Hills to enter the lower part of Tomilin Glacier. Mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Gary Walsh, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) biologist at Hallett Station, 1968-69. 69°33′S 159°09′E  /  69.550°S 159.150°E  / -69.550; 159.150 . Glacier, nearly 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long, draining northeast from Jones Nunatak in central Wilson Hills. The glacier turns northwest at Wegert Bluff and enters

680-666: The coast in the north-central Wilson Hills. It surmounts the north extremity of the ridge complex that is the divide between Tomilin and Noll Glaciers. Visited in March 1961 by an airborne field party from the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) (Magga Dan, 1961) led by Phillip Law. Named for W.D. Parkinson, geophysicist with the expedition. 69°34′S 158°45′E  /  69.567°S 158.750°E  / -69.567; 158.750 . A rock peak, 750 metres (2,460 ft) high, at

714-619: The distinctive and enduring circular emblem that Dr Law described as "...a circular badge whose centre is the Antarctic Continent with the Australian sector shaded. Surrounding this is an annular set of designs depicting flora and fauna of Antarctica and the Sub-Antarctic Islands". The main ANARE emblem was, in Dr Law's words, "too complex to reproduce as a lapel badge or as a logo on aircraft, vehicles or flags." Dr Law saw potential in

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748-412: The early 2000s. However current and former Australian Antarctic expeditioners continue to use the term informally as a means of identification with the long and continuous history of Australian expeditions to Antarctica. Soon after being appointed Antarctic Division director in 1949, Dr. Phillip Law saw the need for a recognisable symbol for the fledgling ANARE. His wife, Nel, was an artist and produced

782-500: The east end of Feeney Ridge in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant (j.g.) Jon B. Clarke, United States Navy, Navigator on aerial photographic missions in LC-130F Hercules aircraft during Operation Deep Freeze 1967 and 1968. 69°35′S 159°09′E  /  69.583°S 159.150°E  / -69.583; 159.150 . A cluster of rocks at

816-587: The east. It is joined from the west by Walsh Glacier, just north of Schmehl Peak, and flows north past the Goodman Hills to enter the ocean in an ice tongue. It is joined from the southeast by Noll Glacier, which forms near Wegert Bluff and flows northwest past Clarke Bluff, where it is joined by Fergusson Glacier, past Burt Rocks and Axtberm Ridge before joining Tomilin Glacier at Parkinson Point. 69°33′S 158°45′E  /  69.550°S 158.750°E  / -69.550; 158.750 . Tributary glacier in

850-462: The first dive by Americans under the Antarctic. Paul Siple was the senior U.S. War Department representative on the expedition. Siple was the same Eagle Scout who accompanied Byrd on the previous Byrd Antarctic expeditions. The Central Group of ships reached the Bay of Whales on January 15, 1947, where they began construction of Little America IV . Naval ships and personnel were withdrawn back to

884-519: The lower part of Tomilin Glacier before the latter debouches into the sea. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Major Edmund P. Noll, USMC, Cargo Officer and LC-130 Aircraft Commander with United States Navy Squadron VX-6 during Operation Deep Freeze 1968. 69°38′S 159°10′E  /  69.633°S 159.167°E  / -69.633; 159.167 . Tributary glacier that flows northeast between Serba Peak and Feeney Ridge into Noll Glacier, in

918-582: The north end of the ridge overlooking the junction of the Walsh Glacier with the Tomilin Glacier, in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant (j-g-) Peter W. Schmehl, United States Navy Reserve, Navigator in LC-130F Hercules aircraft during Operation Deep Freeze 1968. 69°42′S 159°20′E  /  69.700°S 159.333°E  / -69.700; 159.333 . A bluff,

952-503: The northeast extremity of a truncated ridge that overlooks the east margin of Noll Glacier in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Sidney J. Wegert, United States Navy, pilot in LC-130F Hercules aircraft during Operation Deep Freeze 1967 and 1968. 69°39′S 159°13′E  /  69.650°S 159.217°E  / -69.650; 159.217 . A steep bluff, 840 metres (2,760 ft) high, at

986-538: The ridge along the north side of Fergusson Glacier, in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and US Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Edward W. Serba, United States Navy, Navigator in LC-130F Hercules aircraft during Operation Deep Freeze 1967 and 1968. 69°33′S 159°02′E  /  69.550°S 159.033°E  / -69.550; 159.033 . A narrow ridge, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) southeast of Parkinson Peak in

1020-464: The southeast side of Fergusson Glacier in the Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-63. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Edward J. Feeney, United States Navy, Aircraft Commander (LC-130F Hercules) during Operation Deep Freeze 1968. 69°37′S 159°03′E  /  69.617°S 159.050°E  / -69.617; 159.050 . A prominent rock peak, 830 metres (2,720 ft) high, that surmounts

1054-589: The west margin of Noll Glacier, 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) south of Axthelm Ridge, in Wilson Hills. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1961-64. Named by US-ACAN for DeVere E. Burt, USARP biologist at Hallett Station, 1968-69. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . Operation Highjump Operation HIGHJUMP , officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947 , (also called Task Force 68 ),

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1088-578: Was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd , Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson , USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 70 ships, and 33 aircraft. HIGHJUMP's objectives, according to

1122-404: Was made as part of a recapitulation of his own polar experience, in an exclusive interview with International News Service. Talking about the recently completed expedition, Byrd said that the most important result of his observations and discoveries is the potential effect that they have in relation to the security of the United States. The fantastic speed with which the world is shrinking – recalled

1156-606: Was made to locate the remains of the plane. In 2007 a group called the George One Recovery Team was unsuccessful in trying to get direct military involvement and raise extensive funds from the United States Congress to try to find the bodies of the three men killed in the crash. On January 21, 1947, Vance N. Woodall died during a "ship unloading accident". In a crew profile, deckman Edward Beardsley described his worst memory as "when Seaman Vance Woodall died on

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