53-770: The Waitōtara River in New Zealand's North Island stretches approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) in length from its headwaters in the Matemateāonga Range to its mouth on the South Taranaki Bight . The river takes in significant tributaries such as the Ngutuwera, Makakaho, Pokeka, Omaru and Totara Streams. The river catchment and its tributaries are accessed via the Waitotara Valley Road and Ngutuwera Road, and associated side-roads. The village of Waitōtara
106-473: A large landmass or continent, before heading west. Young Nick's Head was thought to be the first piece of New Zealand land sighted by Cook's party, and so named because it was first observed by cabin boy Nicholas Young on 6 October 1769. On 9 October, Cook came ashore on the eastern bank of the Tūranganui River, accompanied by a party of men. Their arrival was marred by misunderstanding and resulted in
159-619: A whole. During the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, the North and South islands were connected by a vast coastal plain which formed at the South Taranaki Bight . During this period, most of the North Island was covered in thorn scrubland and forest , while the modern-day Northland Peninsula was a subtropical rainforest . Sea levels began to rise 7,000 years ago, eventually separating
212-750: Is a motorcycle speedway venue, on Awapundi Road, adjacent to the Awapundi Links golf course. The track races various types of cars, including sidecars, midgets, saloons, stockcars, streetstocks, in addition to motorcycle speedway . The track has held important events, including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship and the finals of the New Zealand Solo Championship . Gisborne City has four main high (secondary) schools: Gisborne Boys' High , Gisborne Girls' High , Lytton High and Campion College . Campion College
265-620: Is a Catholic co-educational school. Gisborne City was the setting of the 2014 drama film The Dark Horse , a biographical film starring Cliff Curtis about the late speed-chess champion, Genesis Potini . The film was shot in Gisborne and Auckland in the winter of 2013. In March 2016, Gisborne hosted the premiere of Mahana , a New Zealand film set in Patutahi and Manutuke, and based on Witi Ihimaera 's semi-autobiographical novel Bulibasha: King Of The Gypsies . Gisborne has four sister cities ,
318-539: Is amongst the lowest proportions in the world. Go Bus is contracted to the council to run 30 services a day on 4 routes Monday to Friday under the Gizzy Bus brand. Gizzy Bus accepts Bee Card for fares, as well as cash. From 1913 to 1929, Gisborne had battery-powered trams . Since then, public transport has declined to about a fifth of the usage then. In 1930, the municipal buses travelled 6,631 mi (10,672 km), and carried 28,531 passengers in 2 weeks. In 2012/13
371-553: Is believed unlikely to re-open for economic reasons. Prior to this, an isolated section of line operated from Gisborne to Moutohora – intended to be part of a line to Auckland via Rotorua, and later part of the East Coast Main Trunk Railway line. This connection was never completed, and the Moutohora Branch line closed in 1959. Rail passenger services were provided between Gisborne and Wellington until 1988, when
424-525: Is flat towards the shoreline, but hilly and forested inland. Gisborne boasts a large stretch of coastline encompassing the Waikanae and Midway, Kaiti, Sponge Bay, Wainui and Makorori white sand beaches, which are popular for swimming and surfing. Sometimes referred to as the 'City of Rivers', Gisborne sits at the convergence of the Waimata, Taruheru and Tūranganui rivers. The Tūranganui, only 1.2 kilometres long,
477-459: Is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island". Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use North Island without "the". According to Māori mythology , the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the demigod Māui . Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it right up from
530-794: Is managed by DOC as the Waitōtara Conservation Area. “Remote Adventures” operates a tourism service in Taumatatahi, 57 kilometres (35 mi) from Waitōtara village. Ihupuku historian V.A Hina 39°51′S 174°41′E / 39.850°S 174.683°E / -39.850; 174.683 This article about a river in Taranaki is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . North Island The North Island ( Māori : Te Ika-a-Māui [tɛ i.kɐ ɐ mɑː.ʉ.i] , lit. 'the fish of Māui', officially North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui or historically New Ulster )
583-469: Is one of the two main islands of New Zealand , separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait . With an area of 113,729 km (43,911 sq mi), it is the world's 14th-largest island , constituting 43% of New Zealand's land area. It has a population of 4,077,800 (June 2024), which is 76% of New Zealand's residents, making it the most populous island in Polynesia and
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#1732855210464636-476: Is sheltered by high country to the west. Gisborne enjoys a temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb – Köppen climate classification ) with warm summers and cool winters, temperatures rarely drop below 0 °C (32 °F) and occasionally rise above 30 °C (86 °F) with a yearly average of 2,200 sunshine hours. The annual rainfall varies from about 1,000 mm (39 in) near the coast to over 2,500 mm (98 in) in higher inland country. According to
689-574: Is that Horouta preceded Tākitimu. In 1931, Sir Āpirana Ngata stated that Horouta was the main canoe that brought the people to the East Coast and that Ngāti Porou always regarded Takitimu as "an unimportant canoe". Māori historian Rongowhakaata Halbert affirmed this account, stating that Paoa's crew on the Horouta were the first inhabitants of the East Coast after migrating from Ahuahu or Great Mercury Island . Paoa gave his name to various places across
742-682: Is the predominant settlement of the catchment, located at the junction of the Waitotara Valley Road and State Highway 3. The viability of the Waitōtara settlement has recently been challenged by a number of devastating flood events, while the Waitotara School has undergone complete refurbishment. Along the Waitōtara River lie the localities of Rangitatau, Puau, Orangimea, Tawhiwhi, Makakaho Junction, Ngamatapouri and Taumatatahi. Ngutuwera catchment localities include Ngutuwera, Mangawhio, Waikare and
795-408: Is the shortest river in New Zealand. Kaiti Hill ( Titirangi ), which sits directly above Cook's landing site, provides expansive views over the city and wider Poverty Bay. Many archaeological sites have been identified on Titirangi, including burial grounds, terraces , and middens . Titirangi Pā sits near the summit. In the wider area surrounding Gisborne are two arboreta , Eastwoodhill ,
848-448: The 28th-most-populous island in the world. Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei , Auckland , Hamilton , Tauranga , Rotorua , Gisborne , New Plymouth , Napier , Hastings , Whanganui , Palmerston North , and New Zealand's capital city Wellington , which is located at the south-west tip of the island. The island has been known internationally as
901-654: The Endeavour express was cancelled north of Napier. Today, only the Gisborne City Vintage Railway operates limited heritage train rides out of Gisborne. Te Poho-o-Rawiri and Te Kuri a Tuatai marae are located in the city suburbs. The Lowe Street Museum was the first museum in Gisborne, located in the Lowe Street Municipal Offices. In 1955, the collection of Māori artefacts of William Lysner were put in his former residence, Lysner House, which
954-455: The NIWA dataset for 1981–2010 normals, Gisborne narrowly edged several other New Zealand cities to have the warmest summer maxima of official stations. Winters are slightly cooler than more northerly areas, rendering that over the course of the calendar year, Gisborne is not the warmest station in the country. Even summer mean temperatures are lower than in northerly areas, despite the highs, due to
1007-548: The North Island for many years. The Te Reo Māori name for it, Te Ika-a-Māui , also has official recognition but it remains seldom used by most residents. On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named New Ulster (named after Ulster province in northern Ireland) which was also a province of New Zealand that included the North Island. In 2009 the New Zealand Geographic Board found that, along with
1060-687: The Te Tairāwhiti Arts Festival is an annual event in the region with many events taking place in Gisborne. In rugby union Gisborne is home to Poverty Bay Rugby Football Union , who play in the Heartland Championship . The city is also home to several clubs who compete in the Poverty Bay competition – Horouta Sports Club, High School Old Boys (HSOB) Sports Club, Old Boys Marist (OBM) RFC, Pirates RFC, Waikohu Sports Club, and Young Māori Party (YMP) RFC. There are several other clubs in
1113-486: The 14th century the great navigator Kiwa landed at the Tūranganui River first on the waka Tākitimu after voyaging to the region from Hawaiki and that Pāoa, captain of the waka Horouta , followed later. An alternative legend recounts that Kiwa waited so long for the Horouta canoe to arrive that he called its final landing place Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (the long waiting place of Kiwa). A more popular version of events
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#17328552104641166-573: The 2023 census, 63.1% of North Islanders identified as European ( Pākehā ), 19.8% as Māori , 10.6% as Pacific peoples , 19.3% as Asian , 1.9% as Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, and 1.1% as other ethnicities. Percentages add to more than 100% as people can identify with more than one ethnicity. Māori form the majority in three districts of the North Island: Kawerau (63.2%), Ōpōtiki (66.2%) and Wairoa (68.5%). Europeans formed
1219-572: The National Arboretum of New Zealand at Ngatapa which spans over 130 hectares, and the smaller 50 hectare Hackfalls Arboretum at Tiniroto . Until Samoa and Tokelau's dateline shift in December 2011, Gisborne claimed to be the first city on Earth to see the sun rise each day. However, this is now only accurate in New Zealand's summer months. Sunrise in Gisborne ranges from 5:36 am in early December to 7:26 am in late June. The region
1272-584: The North Island is provided by fifteen District Health Boards (DHBs) . Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the Local Government Regions . Gisborne, New Zealand Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,800 (June 2024). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in
1325-709: The Omata Valley. Located in the upper reaches of the Makakaho Stream is the locality of Makakaho. The upper valley localities are particularly isolated, Ngamatapouri Primary School being 47 kilometres (29 mi) from Waitōtara village. The Waitōtara River is the home to Ngā Rauru Kītahi , a local Māori iwi . Hapū include Ngā Ariki (Waipapa Marae), Ngāti Pourua (Takirau Marae), Ngāti Hinewaiata te hapū o Te Ihupuku Marae, Ngāti Hou Tipua (Whare Tapapa, Kaipo Marae). The Ngā Rauru Kītahi headquarters are in Waverley. The river
1378-693: The Pacific Coast Highway network) begins at a junction west of Gisborne with SH 2 just before SH 2 crosses the Waipaoa River on its way south to Manutuke. SH 35 borders Gisborne Airport to the south and enters Gisborne city on the southwestern fringes. It makes its way through the city out to the east, and continues up the coast, connecting Gisborne to the East Cape . Public transport is poorly developed in Gisborne, with only 0.2% of trips made by bus in 2013/14. This compares with 2.3% nationally, which itself
1431-508: The South Island, the North Island had no official name. After a public consultation, the board officially named it North Island, or the aforementioned Te Ika-a-Māui, in October 2013. In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island , with the definite article. It is also normal to use the preposition in rather than on , for example "Hamilton
1484-437: The South Island, this is solely due to the North Island having higher natural increase (i.e. births minus deaths) and international migration; since the late 1980s, the internal migration flow has been from the North Island to the South Island. In the year to June 2020, the North Island gained 21,950 people from natural increase and 62,710 people from international migration, while losing 3,570 people from internal migration. At
1537-462: The South Island, with the country's largest city, Auckland, and the capital, Wellington, accounting for nearly half of it. There are 30 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more: The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at NZ$ 282.355 billion in 2021 (78% of New Zealand's national GDP). Nine local government regions cover the North Island and its adjacent islands and territorial waters. Healthcare in
1590-562: The area, to avoid confusion with Tauranga . The Gisborne region has been settled for over 700 years. For centuries, the region has been inhabited by the tribes of Te Whānau-a-Kai, Ngaariki Kaiputahi , Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki , Rongowhakaata , Ngāi Tāmanuhiri and Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti . They descend from the voyagers of the Te Ikaroa-a-Rauru, Horouta and Tākitimu waka . East Coast oral traditions offer differing versions of Gisborne's establishment by Māori . One legend recounts that in
1643-456: The central city. The Gisborne area was known in Māori as Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (the "great standing place of Kiwa"), after Kiwa , who arrived on the waka Tākitimu , which landed at Gisborne. The original English language name for the settlement was Tūranga . It was renamed Gisborne in 1870, in honour of New Zealand Colonial Secretary William Gisborne , although he had no real connection with
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1696-411: The circumnavigation of New Zealand. The maps described the North Island as " Ea Heinom Auwe " and " Aeheinomowe ", which recognises the "Fish of Māui" element. Another Māori name that was given to the North Island, but is now used less commonly, is Aotearoa . Use of Aotearoa to describe the North Island fell out of favour in the early 20th century, and it is now a collective Māori name for New Zealand as
1749-465: The city buses carried about 78,000 passengers in 52 weeks, at a cost of about $ 120,000 a year, with about another $ 85,000 from fares. Gisborne is the northern terminus of the Palmerston North - Gisborne Line railway, which opened in 1942 and mothballed (track kept in place, but all services cancelled) in 2012. The permanent way has since suffered storm damage including bridge collapses and the line
1802-894: The city include High School Old Boys (HSOB) Cricket Club and OBR Cricket Club. In football , Gisborne Thistle AFC , Gisborne Marist AFC, Gisborne United AFC, Gisborne Bohemians FC, and Riverina AFC compete in competitions organised by the Central Football Federation. The now-defunct Gisborne City AFC won the Chatham Cup in 1987. Netball in Gisborne is organised by the Gisborne Netball Centre. Netball teams in Gisborne are often associated with rugby or football clubs. Clubs include Horouta, High School Old Girls (HSOG), Old Boys Marist (OBM), Young Māori Party (YMP), and Gisborne Thistle. Golf, basketball, rowing, hockey, tennis, and squash are also catered to. Awapundi Speedway
1855-447: The conclusion of the Otago gold rush in the 1860s, New Zealand's European population growth has experienced a steady 'Northern drift' as population centres in the North Island have grown faster than those of New Zealand's South Island. This population trend has continued into the twenty-first century, but at a much slower rate. While the North Island's population continues to grow faster than
1908-438: The cooler nights. Despite this, yearly mean temperatures are still some way above average for New Zealand as a whole. The Gisborne urban area had a usual resident population of 34,527 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,294 people (10.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 3,228 people (10.3%) since the 2006 census . There were 16,623 males and 17,907 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.93 males per female. Of
1961-511: The death and wounding of nine Māori over four days. It was also on the banks of the Tūranganui River that first the township of Turanga, then the city of Gisborne, grew as European traders and whalers began to settle in the river and port area. The landing site was commemorated by a monument in 1906, on the 137th anniversary of Cook's arrival. In 1964, the Gisborne committee of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust registered
2014-735: The domestic airport for the Gisborne District. Regular flights between Auckland and Wellington are serviced by Air New Zealand under the Link brand, while the smaller Air Napier provides services to Napier and Wairoa . For 25 years Sunair operated from Gisborne to Hamilton , Rotorua , Napier, Whakatāne , Tauranga , Palmerston North , Paraparaumu and Wellington but those services were suspended in 2022. In 2023 Sunair announced it would give Gisborne another chance with services from Hamilton and Tauranga. [REDACTED] State Highway 2 connects Gisborne to Tauranga via Ōpōtiki and Whakatāne to
2067-513: The first trading stations along the Tūranganui river and are attributed to the founding of the town. Over the next 30 years, many more European traders and missionaries migrated to the region. In 1868, the government bought 300 hectares of land for a town site. The town was laid out in 1870 and the name changed from Turanga to Gisborne , after the then colonial secretary, and to avoid confusion with Tauranga . In 1872, Gisborne's first public school
2120-502: The harbour is the home of many smaller fishing boats as well as ships loading logs for export. In February 2018, the first grants from the Provincial Growth Fund included $ 2.3 million for the Gisborne port. The city maintains a rural charm and is a popular holiday spot. Local industries include agriculture, horticulture, farming and forestry . Wine production is also valuable to the local economy. Gisborne Airport serves as
2173-648: The islands and linking the Cook Strait to the Tasman Sea . The North Island has an estimated population of 4,077,800 as of June 2024. The North Island had a population of 3,808,005 at the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 213,453 people (5.9%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 570,957 people (17.6%) since the 2013 census . Of the total population, 733,893 people (19.3%) were aged under 15 years, 743,154 (19.5%) were 15 to 29, 1,721,427 (45.2%) were 30 to 64, and 609,534 (16.0%) were 65 or older. Ever since
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2226-605: The land around the monument as a historic reserve, and in 1990 it was designated a National Historic Reserve and put under the care of the Department of Conservation . In 2019, a memorial was erected by Ngāti Oneone on Titirangi, a local hill, to honour Te Maro, who was one of the first casualties of the arrival of the ship Endeavour. Starting in the early 1830s, traders such as Captain John Harris and Captain George E. Read set up
2279-608: The northwest, and to Napier and the rest of Hawke's Bay via Wairoa to the south. SH 2 travels towards Gisborne from the northwest from Te Karaka , a settlement 31 km northwest of Gisborne. SH 2 passes through Makaraka, a suburb on the outer fringes of Gisborne. It then crosses the Waipaoa River and makes its way south through Manutuke and Wharerata before it enters the Hawke's Bay Region towards Nūhaka , Wairoa, and eventually on to Napier. [REDACTED] State Highway 35 (part of
2332-465: The plurality in the Auckland region (49.8%) and are the majority in the remaining 39 districts. The proportion of North Islanders born overseas at the 2018 census were 29.3%. The most common foreign countries of birth were England (15.4% of overseas-born residents), Mainland China (11.3%), India (10.1%), South Africa (5.9%), Australia (5.5%) and Samoa (5.3%). The North Island has a larger population than
2385-419: The population could speak in one language only, 16.2% in two languages and 1.1% in three or more languages. The harbour was host to many ships in the past, and had developed as a river port to provide a more secure location for shipping compared with the open roadstead of Poverty Bay, which can be exposed to southerly swells. A meat works was sited beside the harbour and meat and wool were shipped from here. Now
2438-752: The region, most notably the Waipāoa River (Wai-o-Pāoa). During the 14th century, Māori tribes built fishing villages close to the sea and built pā on nearby hilltops. Gisborne's Kaiti Beach is the place where British navigator Captain James Cook made his first landing in New Zealand upon the Endeavour . Cook had earlier set off from Plymouth , England, in August 1768 on a mission bound for Tahiti . Once he had concluded his duties in Tahiti, Cook continued south to look for
2491-427: The sea. While he was not looking, his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island, and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui"). The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish. During Captain James Cook 's voyage between 1769 and 1770 , Tahitian navigator Tupaia accompanied
2544-578: The total population, 8,229 people (23.8%) were aged up to 15 years, 6,603 (19.1%) were 15 to 29, 14,184 (41.1%) were 30 to 64, and 5,511 (16.0%) were 65 or older. In terms of ethnicity, 58.8% of the population identified as European (Pākehā), 51.6% as Māori, 5.3% as Pacific peoples, 3.5% as Asian, and 1.3% as other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). Gisborne had an unemployment rate of 9.4% of people 15 years and over, compared to 7.4% nationally. The median annual income of all people 15 years and over
2597-794: The wider Gisborne District . In rugby league , Gisborne Taraiwhiti have historically represented Gisborne in national competitions. Gisborne is currently represented in the National Competition by the Waicoa Bay Stallions . Gisborne is home to the Poverty Bay cricket team , who compete in the Hawke Cup . Poverty Bay is also a district association of the Northern Districts Cricket Association . First-class matches are sometimes held at Harry Barker Reserve . Clubs in
2650-402: Was $ 24,400, compared to $ 28,500 nationally. Of those, 41.9% earned under $ 20,000, compared to 38.2% nationally, while 19.6% earned over $ 50,000, compared to 26.7% nationally. Gisborne has the smallest percentage of the population born overseas at 9.7% compared to 25.2% for New Zealand as a whole. The highest of these are British, totalling 1,335 or 3.1% of the population. Furthermore, 73.0% of
2703-488: Was opened and its first newspaper, the Poverty Bay Standard was established. A town council was formed in 1877. Gisborne is on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island , in the southern part of the Gisborne District and on the north side of Poverty Bay . The Poverty Bay flats encompass Gisborne city as well as surrounding areas Mākaraka, Matawhero and Ormond, where vineyards and farms predominate. Gisborne
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#17328552104642756-531: Was sold to the city for a nominal sum. It is now known as the Tairāwhiti Museum. The Tairāwhiti Tamararo Regionals are an annual regional haka competition held in Gisborne in memory of Karaitiana Tamararo. Gisborne is host to Rhythm & Vines , an annual 3-day music festival held over the New Year at Waiohika Estate. In 2012 and 2013, Rhythm and Vines made skinny-dipping world record attempts. Since 2019
2809-500: Was traditionally utilised as a means of transport. Food traditionally gathered from the Waitōtara River include kakahi (fresh water mussels), tuna (eels), whitebait , smelt, flounder , and sole . The lower catchment (together with the Ngutuwera, Makakahoe and Pokeke catchments) is largely reliant upon sheep and beef pastoral farming . The upper catchment (including the Omaru and Totara tributaries) remains as pristine forest, and
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