45-641: Waipiro Bay is a small coastal settlement in the Gisborne District on the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The name also refers to the bay that the settlement is built on. It was named Waipiro by Chief Paoa, which translates literally to "putrid water", referring to the area's sulfuric properties. It is in the Waiapu ward , along with nearby towns Te Puia Springs , Tokomaru Bay , and Ruatoria . It
90-649: A peace accord in 1837. The waning of the Musket Wars and the unifying influence of Christianity ushered in a period of relative calm and cultural development. Ngāti Porou chiefs were also signatories to the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Ngāti Porou experienced substantial economic growth during the 1850s. During the 1860s, the Pai Mārire religious movement spread through the North Island, and eventually came into conflict with
135-528: A police station, a courthouse, a school, two hotels, a general store and a variety of other stores. Sir Robert Kerridge , founder of Regent Cinemas, established his first cinema in the town, and a maternity hospital was established by the Waiapu Hospital Board in a house originally built for Arthur Beale, J. N. Williams's accountant. According to Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand , a new road
180-400: A population density of 6.4 people per km . Gisborne District had a population of 51,135 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,618 people (7.6%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 7,482 people (17.1%) since the 2013 census . There were 25,326 males, 25,686 females and 123 people of other genders in 17,316 dwellings. 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age
225-531: A raid by Ngāpuhi rangatira Te Morenga led to the capture and killing of many members, including two rangatira. That same year a second attack by Hongi Hika of Ngāpuhi and Te Haupa of Ngāti Maru targeted the iwi’s pā at Wharekahika Bay , but Te Haupa was slain and the raid was repelled at the cost of heavy casualties. Heavy defeats came at the hands of a raiding party led by the Ngāpuhi rangatira Pōmare I and Te Wera Hauraki , who through force and guile sacked
270-463: A road, so its residents began moving to Waipiro Bay — the new "place to be". Eventually, the main highway north ran through Waipiro Bay, which made it a vital link between Gisborne and the rest of the East Coast. In the 1900s to 1920s, Waipiro Bay became the largest town on the East Coast, with a population of up to 10,000. As the town grew, it became host to the Waiapu County Council offices,
315-647: A series of light installations along the river in Gisborne city showcasing ten local artists. The region is represented in rugby union by the East Coast Rugby Football Union and the Poverty Bay Rugby Football Union . Ng%C4%81ti Porou Ngāti Porou is a Māori iwi traditionally located in the East Cape and Gisborne regions of the North Island of New Zealand. Ngāti Porou
360-532: A symbol of endurance and strength, and holds tapu status. In these traditions, Hikurangi is often personified. Ngāti Porou traditions indicate that Hikurangi was the first point to surface when Māui fished up the North Island from beneath the ocean. His canoe, the Nuku-tai-memeha , is said to have been wrecked there. The Waiapu River also features in Ngāti Porou traditions. Ngāti Porou takes its name from
405-456: A trend reflected throughout New Zealand. A large portion of the tribal population now lives in Auckland and Wellington . Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou was established in 1987 to be the tribal authority of the iwi. It is organised into a whānau and hapū development branch, economic development branch, and a corporate services branch, and aims to maintain the financial, physical and spiritual assets of
450-413: Is 53,300 (June 2024). Three-quarters of the population – 38,800 (June 2024) – lives in the city of Gisborne. No other settlements have a population of over 1000; the largest are the towns of Tolaga Bay and Ruatoria , each with populations of over 800 in 2001. Inland, the land is rough, predominantly forested, hill country. A spine of rough ridges dominates the centre of the region, culminating in
495-535: Is a meeting place for the Ngāti Porou hapū of Te Whānau a Iritekura , and includes a meeting house of the same name. Two other historic Ngāti Porou marae are also located north of the Waipiro Bay village: Taharora Marae and meeting house is a meeting place of the hapū of Ngāi Taharora ; Kie Kie Marae and Hau meeting house is a meeting place of Te Whānau a Rākairoa and Te Whānau a Te Haemata . In October 2020,
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#1733203012118540-588: Is affiliated with the 28th Maori Battalion, it also has the second-largest affiliation of any iwi, behind Ngāpuhi with an estimated 92,349 people according to the 2018 census . The traditional rohe or tribal area of Ngāti Porou extends from Pōtikirua and Lottin Point in the north to Te Toka-a-Taiau (a rock that used to sit in the mouth of Gisborne harbour) in the south. The Ngāti Porou iwi also comprises 58 hapū (sub-tribes) and 48 mārae (meeting grounds). Mt Hikurangi features prominently in Ngāti Porou traditions as
585-515: Is commonly divided into the East Cape and Poverty Bay . It is bounded by mountain ranges to the west, rugged country to the south, and faces east onto the Pacific Ocean . The district is governed by Gisborne District Council , which is a unitary territorial authority , meaning that it performs the functions of a regional council as well as those of a territorial authority (a district or city). It
630-578: Is constituted as both the Gisborne District and the Gisborne Region . It replaced Gisborne City, Cook County , Waiapu County and Waikohu County in a major nationwide reform of local government in 1989. Prior to the late 19th century, the area was known as Tūranga. However, as the Gisborne town site was laid out in 1870, the name changed to Gisborne, after the Colonial Secretary William Gisborne , and to avoid confusion with
675-617: Is located 15 km (9 mi) south of Ruatoria, 77 km (48 mi) north-east of Gisborne , and 41 km (25 mi) south-west of the East Cape Lighthouse , the easternmost point of mainland New Zealand. By road, it is 103 km (64 mi) from Gisborne, and 231 km (144 mi) from Ōpōtiki . Waipiro Bay is governed by the Gisborne District Council , and is in the East Coast electorate . At its peak in
720-404: The Gisborne Region ( Māori : Te Tairāwhiti or Te Tai Rāwhiti ) is a local government area of northeastern New Zealand. It is governed by Gisborne District Council , a unitary authority (with the combined powers of a district and regional council ). It is named after its largest settlement, the city of Gisborne . The region is also commonly referred to as the East Coast . The region
765-725: The central business district and others experiencing some structural damage. One death was reported (a heart attack of an elderly woman, sustained during the quake) plus minor injuries. The region is sheltered by high country to the west and has a dry, sunny climate. It has a yearly average of 2,200 sunshine hours. The annual rainfall varies from about 1000 mm near the coast to over 2500 mm in higher inland country. Typical maxima range from 20 to 28 °C in summer and 10-16 °C in winter. Minima vary from 10 to 16 °C in summer to 0-8 °C in winter. Gisborne District covers 8,385.06 km (3,237.49 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 53,300 as of June 2024, with
810-631: The iwi and marae structure. The predominant iwi are Ngāti Porou , Rongowhakaata , Ngāi Tāmanuhiri and Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki . At 8:55 pm (NZDT) on 20 December 2007, the Gisborne region was hit by an earthquake of Richter magnitude 6.8, centred in the Hikurangi Trough which is a part of the Hikurangi Margin . The earthquake was situated 50 km southeast of Gisborne at a depth of 40 km. Mercalli intensities of 7-8 were experienced, with three buildings substantially collapsed in
855-467: The 1900s to 1920s, Waipiro Bay was the largest town on the East Coast, with a population of up to 10,000 people. The town's size greatly diminished after a road was built bypassing the bay in the late 1920s, and as of 2011, there were only about 96 people (20 families) still living there. During a predetermined season, the Gisborne District Council permits freedom camping in certain areas of
900-484: The East Cape through conquest and through strategic marriage alliances. Genealogical associations with other iwi also arise through direct descent from Ngāti Porou ancestors: Ngāti Porou sustained heavy losses over the course of the Musket Wars , a period of heightened warfare between iwi unleashed by the adoption of firearms and resulting power imbalances. The iwi's first experience of musket warfare came in 1819, when
945-541: The Gisborne district include: The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of the Gisborne region was estimated at NZ$ 2.16 billion in the year to March 2019, 0.7% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $ 44,004 in the same period. There are a number of notable creative people from the Gisborne region, including writer Witi Ihimaera , opera singer Dame Kiri Te Kanawa and actor George Henare . An annual arts festival began in 2019 called Te Tairāwhiti Arts Festival . In 2020, this included
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#1733203012118990-628: The Government committed $ 5,756,639 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Iritekura, Taharora and 27 other Ngāti Porou marae. The funding was expected to create 205 jobs. Waipiro Bay has a local primary school called Te Kura Kaupapa Maori o Waipiro, a co-ed Māori language immersion school catering for students in Years 1–8 . In April 2012 the school had ten students, and a decile rating of two. Gisborne Region Gisborne District or
1035-534: The New Zealand Government. From 1865–1870, a civil war emerged within Ngāti Porou between Pai Mārire converts seeking the creation of an independent Māori state (supported by Pai Mārire from other regions) and other Ngāti Porou advocating tribal sovereignty and independence. This conflict is generally viewed as part of the East Cape War . Ngāti Porou once again enjoyed peace and economic prosperity during
1080-498: The Waipiro Trading Company. Regardless of when the road was built, it had a detrimental effect on the town. With road transport rapidly replacing sea transport, Waipiro Bay became isolated, and the town's shops and services moved to Te Puia Springs. By 2011, Waipiro Bay's population was about 1% of what it was during its peak. The local marae , Iritekura Marae, is central to the community, and includes an historic church. It
1125-526: The ancestor Porourangi, also known as Porou Ariki. He was a direct descendant of Toi-kai-rākau , Māui (accredited in oral tradition with raising the North Island from the sea), and Paikea the whale rider. Although Ngāti Porou claim the Nukutaimemeha as their foundation canoe , many Ngāti Porou ancestors arrived on different canoes, including Horouta , Tākitimu and Tereanini . The descendants of Porourangi and Toi formed groups that spread across
1170-441: The attackers and slew two Ngāti Porou rangatira. Two years later, a retaliatory raid by Te Whānau-ā-Apanui was in turn rebuffed by forces under the rangatira Kakatarau, whose father Pakura was killed at Wharekura. Ngāti Porou then joined forces with Te Wera’s Ngāpuhi and Te Kani-a-Takirau ’s Rongowhakaata to attack Te Whānau-ā-Apanui at Te Kaha Point’s formidable Toka a Kuku pā. After six months of siege and heavy fighting, including
1215-439: The bay, which boasts good surfing, fishing and diving. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand calls Waipiro Bay "one of the most scenic of the coast localities". The Māori had a settlement at Waipiro Bay, and were whaling from there in the mid-19th century. For a while, nearby Akuaku was the hub of the area. However, by the late 19th century, Waipiro Bay had become the centre of a farming based community. A post office
1260-422: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 5,187 (13.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 22,200 (55.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 10,800 (27.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 2,727 people (6.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1305-497: The course of their captivity. A second wave of violence rocked Ngāti Porou starting in 1829, when the presence of Ngāti Porou passengers on the ship where the Ngāti Awa rangatira Ngarara was assassinated by Ngāpuhi marked the iwi as a target for retribution. Minor raids by Ngāti Awa and their allies Whakatōhea and Te Whānau-ā-Apanui in 1829 and 1831 resulted in the deaths of some Ngāti Porou, which triggered retaliatory action from
1350-515: The defeat of numerous sorties and the routing of a relief force of fourteen hundred warriors from Whakatōhea, Ngāi Tai , and Ngāti Awa, the attackers eventually proved unable to seize the pā and returned home. The extraordinary battlefield feats of the Christian Ngāti Porou rangatira Piripi Taumata-a-Kura lent him enormous prestige, which he soon leveraged to convert other Ngāti Porou rangatira and lead Te Whānau-ā-Apanui and Ngāti Porou to
1395-621: The eastern Bay of Plenty to the northwest, and Wairoa to the south. Its Māori name Te Tai Rāwhiti means the Coast of the Sunrise, reflecting the fact that it is the first part of the New Zealand mainland to see the sun rise. Gisborne District Council styles the name as Te Tairāwhiti . The region is located in the northeastern corner of the North Island . It ranges from the Wharerata Hills in
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1440-553: The impressive bulk of the 1752 metre Mount Hikurangi in Waiapu Valley in the region's northeast. Hikurangi is the fifth-highest mountain in the North Island, and the highest that is not a volcano. Regarded as sacred by Māori , there is some justification to the claims that this is the first mountain to see the sun in summer. The region's population has a higher than the national average proportion of Māori – over 50% in some areas – and maintains strong ties to both Māori tradition and
1485-407: The iwi. In 1832 Ngāti Porou joined forces with Ngāpuhi, Rongowhakaata , and Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki to seize Kekeparaoa pā and expel the four hundred Whakatōhea members who had come to occupy it after being unilaterally invited to do so by a Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki hapū . A second 1832 raid, this time against Te Whānau-ā-Apanui, did not meet with the same success, as the defenders of Wharekura pā rebuffed
1530-478: The late 19th century. The 1890s saw the emergence of Sir Āpirana Ngata , who contributed greatly to the revitalisation of the Māori people. During the early 20th century, the population of Ngāti Porou increased substantially. They were active in their participation in both World Wars . After World War II , large numbers of Ngāti Porou began emigrating from traditional tribal lands and moving into larger urban areas, in
1575-759: The official iwi authority for resource consent consultation under the Resource Management Act. Its rohe is contained within the territory of Gisborne District Council , which is both a regional and district council. Radio Ngāti Porou is the official station of Ngāti Porou. It is based in Ruatoria and broadcasts on 89.3 FM in Tikitiki , 90.5 FM at Tolaga Bay , 93.3 FM in Gisborne , 98.1 FM in Ruatoria, and 105.3 FM at Hicks Bay . There are many notable people who are affiliated to Ngāti Porou. This
1620-467: The pā of Okauwharetoa and Te Whetumatarau near Te Araroa . Te Wera Hauraki’s forces would then move on to sack additional pā in the area of Waiapu River and Whareponga Bay . A final defeat at the hands of Ngāpuhi took place in 1823, when a preemptive attack by a large army of Ngāti Porou warriors on Pōmare’s trespassing forces in Te Araroa was cut down in open field by musket fire. The rangatira Taotaoriri
1665-555: The south, which divide it from Wairoa District in Hawke's Bay , to Lottin Point in the north. The western boundary runs along the Raukumara Range , which separates it from Ōpōtiki District . In the southwest, its boundary runs along the western edge of Te Urewera . It is sparsely inhabited and isolated, with small settlements mainly clinging to small bays along the eastern shore, including Tokomaru Bay and Tolaga Bay . Its population
1710-481: The town of Tauranga . The region was formerly known as the East Coast , although the region is often divided into the East Coast proper (or East Cape), north of the city, and Poverty Bay , the area including and surrounding the city. The region is also sometimes referred to as the East Cape , although that also refers specifically to the promontory at the northeastern extremity. More recently, it has been called Eastland , although that can also include Ōpōtiki in
1755-589: The tribe. The common law trust is overseen by a board, with two representatives from each of the seven ancestral zones. As of 2022, the Rūnanga is based in Gisborne, and is chaired by Selwyn Parata, with George Reedy as the chief executive. The trust administers Treaty of Waitangi settlements under the Ngati Porou Claims Settlement Act, represents the iwi under the Māori Fisheries Act, and is
1800-559: Was 36.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 11,382 people (22.3%) aged under 15 years, 9,627 (18.8%) aged 15 to 29, 21,648 (42.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 8,481 (16.6%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 56.5% European ( Pākehā ); 54.8% Māori ; 5.6% Pasifika ; 3.8% Asian ; 0.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.8% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
1845-431: Was built in 1885, and from the 1890s wool bales were being shipped out of the bay, while livestock , supplies, and equipment were being shipped in (usually for J. N. Williams 's holdings). There is no harbour at Waipiro Bay, so goods and passengers had to be "surfed" between the shore and waiting ships on surfboats , lighters or rafts . In the early 20th century, a road was built to Waipiro Bay. Akuaku did not have
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1890-408: Was constructed between Te Puia Springs and Kopuaroa in the late 1920s, bypassing the bay. However, according to a former resident of Waipiro Bay, Paora Kahu Carter, this road was not built until after she had moved to the town as a child in 1940. She remembers a thriving town, with a blacksmith , a cinema, a police station, a billiards bar, a hotel, a library, a bakery, a post office, two shops, and
1935-542: Was spoken by 96.1%, Māori language by 16.9%, Samoan by 0.5% and other languages by 5.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 11.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.2% Christian , 0.6% Hindu , 0.3% Islam , 4.6% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , and 1.2% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 53.7%, and 8.1% of people did not answer
1980-455: Was that 18,867 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 5,505 (13.8%) were part-time, and 1,590 (4.0%) were unemployed. In the 2018 census, 77.6% of the population could speak in one language only, 18.9% in two languages and 1.1% in three or more languages. Gisborne, with a population of 38,800, is the only urban area in the district with a population over 1,000. It is home to 72.8% of the district's population. Other towns and settlements in
2025-509: Was then able to negotiate a favorable peace between the two iwi, a deal sealed by his marriage to the Ngāti Porou noblewoman Hikupoto and the return of Rangi-i-paea, who had been abducted and married to Pōmare in a previous raid. This peace was to have important religious consequences, as a number of Ngāti Porou rangatira freed by Ngāpuhi in later negotiations would go on to spread the Christianity they had adopted from European missionaries during
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