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40-493: The institute is the source of several important historical documents, collections and publications in several fields (notably history, literature and kokugaku ) and its extremely voluminous library is nowadays one of the principal antique documents holdings of the National Archives of Japan . The Wagakukōdansho was founded in 1793 under the eleventh Shogun, Tokugawa Ienari , by the blind monk and scholar Hanawa Hokiichi in

80-593: A Library , a Conservation Laboratory, a Center for the Study of Visual Sources, and an Administrative Office. Presently, the research staff consists of sixteen professors, seventeen associate professors, and twenty-three research associates. The five research departments are: 1.) The Department of Ancient Materials, 2.) The Department of Medieval Materials, 3.) The Department of Early Modern Materials, 4.) The Department of Old Documents and Diaries, and 5.) The Department of Special Materials. The Department of Ancient Materials

120-687: A Historic place by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in 1952 and a touristic sign now marks its location in Sanbanchō. 35°41′29.9″N 139°44′35.1″E  /  35.691639°N 139.743083°E  / 35.691639; 139.743083 The presence of the institute gave birth to a senryu about the Banchō neighborhood in Edo times. 番町で   Banchō de 目明き盲に   meaki mekurani 道を聞き   michi wo kiki In Banchō, to

160-466: A considerable amount of works in its library, some of which of particular historical importance having been designated Important Cultural Properties and stored at the National Archives of Japan , for instance a 13th century copy of the Kankenshō ( 管見抄 ) or an 18th century copy of Orandahonzōwage ( 阿蘭陀本草和解 , Translated herbology from Holland ) , a rangaku book. The 17,244 printing woodblocks of

200-606: A public shogunate-sanctioned institute. On top of its yearly subsidy (later increased), the Wagakukōdansho regularly received additional exceptional grants from the shogunate. Initially located near nowadays Yonbanchō, it moved in 1803 in Omote-Rokubanchō, near present day Sanbanchō 24, into a larger campus of 840 tsubo , roughly 2800 square meters. On these grounds, the institute had a main building with two wings (living and teaching quarters with 3 main classrooms) connected by

240-655: A second series, Zoku Gunsho Ruijū ( 続群書類従 , Another Classified Collection of Japanese Classics ) or the Buke Myōmokushō ( 武家名目抄 , Compendium of Samurais ) . Towards the end of the Shogunate the institute conducted research to substantiate the claims of Japan on Hokkaido and the Bonin Islands and drafted diplomatic letters to foreign powers. The institute also had a censorship role on Japanese texts, and documents from its library were regularly lent to other institutes such as

280-512: A training hall with 6 smaller classrooms. One its grounds was also built a small shrine dedicated to Tenjin , the patron deity of knowledge. Throughout its history, the institute was damaged by fires and disasters and modified several times, and at the time of the Meiji restoration 6 classrooms remained. The institute took several missions: At first, lessons were not held every day, the institute focusing more on its research activities; however, towards

320-497: A unified, scientifically grounded and politically powerful vision of Shinto against Buddhism , Christianity , and Japanese folk religions , many of which were named " superstitions ." Defunct Defunct Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo 35°42′45.74″N 139°45′47.76″E  /  35.7127056°N 139.7632667°E  / 35.7127056; 139.7632667 The Historiographical Institute of

360-558: Is a still-to-be-completed, 193+ volume supplement to the Dai-Nihon shiryō . It is divided into three subseries: The Dai-Nihon shiryō and Dai-Nihon komonjo , are the two largest compilations ever produced in Japan. Other important publications are the Dai-Nihon kinsei shiryô , which is a compilation of historical materials of the Edo period, and the Dai-Nihon ishin shiryô , which is a compilation of historical materials leading up to and through

400-514: Is engaged in the study of historical materials concerning the Nara , Heian , and Kamakura periods (from the 9th to the 14th century). The Department of Medieval Materials is engaged in the study of historical materials concerning the Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods (from the 14th to the 17th century). The Department of Early Modern Materials is engaged in the study of historical materials concerning

440-474: Is retrievable through OPAC ( The University of Tokyo Library Catalog) [1] . Reading Room Hours: 9:15- 17:00 (Monday through Friday) According to its official website, those who may use the library include: 1) staff and students of the University of Tokyo; 2) those officially introduced by the governmental or educational institutions; and 3) those introduced by a member of the Institute. The online databases of

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480-576: The Dai-Nihon shiryō (described below). After several reorganizations, this office was transferred to Tokyo Imperial University in 1888; but in 1893, the Minister of Education terminated the work because of conflict between the government and the institute members over the aims and goals of history (also known as the Kume Kunitake Affair , named after the historian, Kume Kunitake , who was expelled from

520-557: The Wagakukōdansho ( 和学講談所 , Institute of Lectures of Japanese classics ) , founded in 1793 by the blind monk Hanawa Hokiichi . In 1869, Emperor Meiji issued an Imperial rescript which explained the importance of historiography : Historiography is a for ever immortal state ritual ( taiten ) and a wonderful act of our ancestors. But after the Six National Histories it was interrupted and no longer continued .... Now

560-501: The sonnō jōi philosophy and movement. It was this philosophy, amongst other things, that led to the eventual collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868 and the subsequent Meiji Restoration . The kokugaku school held that the Japanese national character was naturally pure, and would reveal its inherent splendor once the foreign (Chinese) influences were removed. The "Chinese heart"

600-665: The Banchō area. The chief Rōjū Matsudaira Sadanobu of the Shogunate himself gave the institute its school name, Onkodō ( 温古堂 ) , upon Hanawa Hokiichi's request. At first an authorized private school under the jurisdiction of the Jisha-bugyō , in 1795 the institute was put under the responsibility of the Daigakunokami, the rector from the Hayashi clan , and it obtained a yearly governmental subsidy of 50 Ryōs for its operations, turning it into

640-908: The Dai-Nihon shiryō ever since the foundation of the Shiryō hensan-jo in 1869; many of the Institute's publications (listed in the link above) are simply companions to the Dai-Nihon shiryō such as the Shiryō sōran , which is a chronological list of historical events that are used to categorize material in the Dai-Nihon shiryō . When completed, it will be the most comprehensive collection of Japanese historical materials ever. This collection primarily consists of primary sources , but also includes secondary sources , interpretative essays, and even fictional accounts when no other sources can be found. The variety of source materials in this work includes formal histories, government documents, letters, journals , biographies , temple records, and family archives. The Dai-Nihon komonjo

680-555: The Edo (Yedo) period (from the 17th to the 19th century). The Department of Old Documents and Diaries is devoted to the study of, obviously, old documents and diaries . Finally, the Department of Special Materials is devoted to the study of various special materials including cultural properties, Japanese old-style signatures, historical geography , and overseas materials relating to Japan. The Historiographical Institute has been responsible for

720-540: The University of Tokyo ( 東京大学史料編纂所 , Tōkyō daigaku shiryō hensan-jo ) is a research institution affiliated with the University of Tokyo that is devoted to the analysis, compilation, and publication of historical source materials concerning Japan . Since its foundation in 1869, the Institute has been a major center of Japanese historical research, and makes historical sources available through its library, publications, and databases. The Institute finds its origin in

760-450: The "national learning" of each of the world's nations. This usage was adopted into Chinese , where it is still in use today (C: guoxue ). The Chinese also adopted the kokugaku term "national essence" (J: kokusui , C: 国粹 guocui ). According to scholar of religion Jason Ānanda Josephson , kokugaku played a role in the consolidation of State Shinto in the Meiji era . It promoted

800-594: The Gunsho Ruijū, also designated as Important Cultural Properties, are kept in the storage of the Onkogakkai ( 温故学会 ) , an institute dedicated to the works of Hanawa Hokiichi. Although the buildings of the Institute itself no longer exist, a model of its grounds and several artifacts from Edo period can be seen at the Hanawa Hokiichi Memorial Museum . The site where the institute stood has been designated

840-472: The Historiographical Institute correspond to many of its publications. Access to them is provided here at: https://web.archive.org/web/20051119131025/http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ships/LIB/std_m_ipcheck.pl . Below is a description of the two major databases, plus two important visual image databases. Among the many specialized databases covering all periods of pre-modern Japanese history,

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880-467: The Historiographical Institute for writing an article that challenged the customs of State Shinto , and was known for advocating a more "Western," scientific approach to history). In 1895, the University decided to resume the work under the name Shiryō hensan-kakari, attached to the Faculty of Letters, limiting the role of the Historiographical Institute to compilation of historical materials, rather than

920-422: The Historiographical Institute has ensured that its contributions have been outstanding and productive for more than a century. These men were: In the years after Sakamoto Tarō, the indefinite term for headship has been revised—three-year terms from 1962 to 1971, and two-year terms since that time. The current director of the Institute is Masaharu Ebara . The Institute is composed of five Research Departments,

960-503: The Imperial system in Japan, greatly angering imperialists, and Hanawa Tadatomi was assassinated in front of the institute in February 1863. Several sources mention a young Ito Hirobumi , future first Prime Minister of Japan, as a co-perpetrator along Yamao Yozo . The son of Tadatomi, grandson of Hokiichi, Hanawa Tadatsugu ( 塙忠韶 ) , took on the governance until the institute was abolished at

1000-538: The Meiji Restoration, from 1846-1871. The Historiographical Institute also has a fifteen volume microfilm collection of historical documents relating to Japan in foreign countries. The library of the Historiographical Institute consists of over four hundred thousand items. The publications listed above (and accessible through the online databases described below), are compilations of materials from this collection. Bibliographical data of books cataloged since 1991

1040-519: The Shoheikō or the Bansho Shirabesho. In 1822, Hanawa Tadatomi ( 塙忠宝 ) , the fourth son of Hokiichi, became the head of the institute at the young age of 16 after the death of his father. In 1862, the rōjū Andō Nobumasa requested the institute to research about the ceremonies for treatment of foreigners before the sakoku . The research undertaken was misunderstood to be about the abolishment of

1080-440: The blind who sees, ask the way The "blind who sees" here referring to Hanawa and his knowledge, and the "way" being the way through life. Kokugaku Kokugaku ( Kyūjitai : 國學 , Shinjitai : 国学 ; literally "national study") was an academic movement, a school of Japanese philology and philosophy originating during the Tokugawa period . Kokugaku scholars worked to refocus Japanese scholarship away from

1120-473: The compilation and publication of a vast number of resources related to pre-modern Japanese history. A comprehensive list can be found here: http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hipub.html The most important publication of the Historiographical Institute is the still-to-be-completed, 343+ volume Dai-Nihon shiryō . It consists of primary source material from the 887 to 1867, and is organized chronologically by major historical events. Institute members have been working on

1160-401: The creation of a national history—the role that the Institute has today. It is important to note that the compilation of works was not limited to Japanese sources, but also included the compilation and translation of Western works as well—works which have had a vital role in shaping the nature of the history field in modern Japan. In 1929, the present name of the Institute, Shiryō hensan-jo ,

1200-477: The end of the shogunate, its educational mission was reinforced. Though it may have been open to the general public, education in the Wagakukōdansho was geared towards the Samurai class. Classes consisted mainly of reading and analysis of texts in small groups. The institute set up the basis for domestic history teaching, which was not common at the time and contrary to other educational institutes in Japan, its curriculum

1240-452: The evil of misrule by the warriors since the Kamakura period has been overcome and imperial government has been restored. Therefore we wish that an office of historiography ( shikyoku ) be established, that the good custom of our ancestors be resumed .... An office of historiography, Shiryohenshukokushikoseikyoku ( 史料編輯国史校正局 , Institute of compilation of national history documents ) ,

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1280-480: The fall of the Shogunate in 1868. After its abolition, the activities of the institute were taken over by successive governmental agencies following the Meiji restoration. The modern Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo has its origins in the Wagakukōdansho. . Some compilation works initiated by the Wagakukōdansho are still ongoing to the present day, notably the Dai Nihon Shiryō . It accumulated

1320-400: The most important database is the Dai-Nihon shiryō database that corresponds to the mammoth, still-to-be-completed Dai-Nihon shiryō described above. This database corresponds to the Dai-Nihon komonjo described above, a supplement to the Dai-Nihon shiryō . The Historiographical Institute includes a number of visual image databases. Two important databases are: NOTE: Remote access to

1360-421: The school looked back to a golden age of culture and society. They drew upon ancient Japanese poetry , predating the rise of medieval Japan 's feudal orders in the mid-twelfth century, and other cultural achievements to show the emotion of Japan. One famous emotion appealed to by the kokugakusha is ' mono no aware '. The word kokugaku , coined to distinguish this school from kangaku ("Chinese studies"),

1400-449: The then-dominant study of Chinese , Confucian , and Buddhist texts in favor of research into the early Japanese classics . What later became known as the kokugaku tradition began in the 17th and 18th centuries as kogaku ("ancient studies"), wagaku (" Japanese studies ") or inishie manabi ("antiquity studies"), a term favored by Motoori Norinaga and his school. Drawing heavily from Shinto and Japan's ancient literature ,

1440-592: Was adopted; and in 1950, after several decades under the Faculty of Letters at the University, it acquired an independent status within Tokyo University. Today, the Historiographical Institute continues to play a central role in the compiling, cataloging, and restoring of historical materials. Though most of the work focuses on the pre-modern period, historians of the Historiographical Institute have also done extensive work with regard to Meiji documents. The leadership of

1480-439: Was considered different from the "true heart" or "Japanese Heart". This true Japanese spirit needed to be revealed by removing a thousand years of Chinese learning. It thus took an interest in philologically identifying the ancient, indigenous meanings of ancient Japanese texts; in turn, these ideas were synthesized with early Shinto and astronomy . The term kokugaku was used liberally by early modern Japanese to refer to

1520-421: Was popularized by Hirata Atsutane in the 19th century. It has been translated as 'Native Studies' and represented a response to Sinocentric Neo-Confucian theories. Kokugaku scholars criticized the repressive moralizing of Confucian thinkers, and tried to re-establish Japanese culture before the influx of foreign modes of thought and behaviour. Eventually, the thinking of kokugaku scholars influenced

1560-571: Was set up on the site of the Wagakukōdansho and followed up on its works in the same year. The office changed a first time in 1875 to become the Shushikyoku ( 修史局 , Office of Historical Compilation ) and was abolished and re-established in 1877 as the Shushikan ( 修史館 , House of Historical Compilation ) , which started to work on a national history, the Dai-Nihon hennenshi (Chronological History of Great Japan) in 1882, which later became part of

1600-565: Was strongly focused on domestic content. The texts selected were Japanese historical antique works and Ritsury ō related, or Japanese classic texts such as the Man'yōshū or the Genji monogatari . For its research activities, comparatively more structured since its inception, the institute compiled several major historical collections of texts among which the 1273 volumes of the monumental Gunsho Ruijū ( 群書類従 , Classified Collection of Japanese Classics ) ,

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