26-598: Wackernagel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Barbara Wackernagel-Jacobs (born 1950), a German politician Christof Wackernagel (born 1951), German actor and author, terrorist of the RAF Elisabeth Wackernagel (born 1947), a German politician ( CDU ) Katharina Wackernagel (born 1978), a German actress Lars Wackernagel (born 1975), German cyclist Martin Wackernagel (1881 - 1962),
52-511: A Swiss art historian Mathis Wackernagel (born 1962), a Swiss-born sustainability advocate Philipp Wackernagel (1800 - 1877), hymnologist (Karl Heinrich) Wilhelm Wackernagel (1806, Berlin - 1869), a German-Swiss philologist, Germanist, father of Jacob Jacob (Jakob) Wackernagel (1853 - 1938), a Swiss Indo-Europeanist and scholar of Sanskrit Wackernagel's Law , named after Jacob ^ de:Barbara Wackernagel-Jacobs ^ de:Christof Wackernagel , Members of
78-712: A facility belonging to SPK, discovering the first documented case of a terrorist organization training radio-jamming techniques. Even before Huber was arrested in June 1971, the SPK dissolved. The IZRU or Information Zentrum Rote Volks-Universität (in English; Information Center of the Red People's University) was founded by former SPK members; however, the IZRU was neither the official or unofficial SPK. It organized international congresses, founded
104-505: A newspaper: RVU (or Rote Volksuniversität , People's Red University ), supported prisoners and reprinted some SPK literature. Since 1973, the SPK has continued as Patients' Front/Socialist Patients' Collective, or PF/SPK(H). The refounding of the collective as Patient's Front was announced by Huber whilst he was in solitary confinement in Stammheim Prison , later called PF/SPK(H). As
130-518: A weapon , which has prefaces by both the founder of the SPK, Wolfgang Huber, and Jean-Paul Sartre . Rejecting the roles and ideology associated with the notion of the revolutionary as scientific explainer, they stated in Turn Illness into a Weapon that whoever claims they want to "observe the bare facts dispassionately" is either an "idiot" or a "dangerous criminal." The group was founded by Wolfgang Huber and became publicly known in 1970 at
156-456: Is caused by the capitalist system . The SPK promotes illness as the protest against capitalism and considers illness as the foundation on which to create the human species. The SPK is opposed to doctors, considering them to be the ruling class of capitalism and responsible for poisoning the human species. The most widely recognized text of the PF/SPK(H) is the communique, SPK – Turn illness into
182-614: The Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK) and the 2 June Movement . The third generation began in 1982. The group announced its dissolution in 1998. The Red Army Faction (RAF) existed in West Germany from 1970 to 1998, committing numerous crimes, especially in the autumn of 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as the " German Autumn ". The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader , Gudrun Ensslin , Ulrike Meinhof , Horst Mahler , and others. The first generation of
208-436: The status quo in their own right in solidarity with other oppressed groups. Additionally, according to the SPK sickness had the advantage of being familiar to everyone, hence everyone was a potential revolutionary so long as they disavowed the medical establishment. Like other anti-psychiatry experiments, such as Kingsley Hall and Villa 21 , SPK questioned the patient/doctor paradigm and ultimately called for an overthrow of
234-548: The "doctor's class". The SPK collective produced information leaflets, held teach-ins and Heidelberg University studied to recognize SPK as a part of the University. SPK conducted "agitations" , called "single" (individual actions) and "group agitations" (collective actions), working from 9 am to 10 pm or later. However, the SPK experiment was criticized by many within Heidelberg's university and psychiatric clinic and
260-599: The Marxist RAF. In the early 1980s, the movement disbanded and many members then joined the RAF. The Haag/Mayer Group was a minor group of members within the second generation of the RAF. They were recruited by Siegfried Haag , who organised the regrouping of the RAF in the mid 1970s together with Roland Mayer before Brigitte Mohnhaupt took over the leadership after their arrest in 1976. Knut Folkerts from SPK and Verena Becker from J2M were also part of this group. This generation
286-538: The Red Army Faction ^ de:Elisabeth Wackernagel ^ de:Katharina Wackernagel ^ de:Lars Wackernagel ^ de:Martin Wackernagel ^ de:Philipp Wackernagel ^ de:Wilhelm Wackernagel [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Wackernagel . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding
SECTION 10
#1732849031495312-418: The SPK who were mandated to campaign against the group. The Minister overseeing both panels ultimately sided with the 3 SPK critics and decided against implementing any of the recommendations from the pro-SPK panel. SPK's funding was subsequently cut and the group was evicted from the university campus. The decision provoked a confrontation between the SPK and the university, which led to a sit-in and attracted
338-399: The SPK's funding, salaries and meeting space were threatened. Despite opposition to the SPK, in the autumn of 1970 the university convened an advisory panel of 3 experts who recommended that the SPK should be institutionalized in Heidelberg university. To counter this suggestion, Heidelberg university's faculty of medicine supported the establishment of a counter-panel consisting of 3 critics of
364-467: The attention of a wider audience, including the police. Ultimately, the collective moved out of the university and into the homes of its members. On 24 June 1971, a mysterious shooting at Heidelberg police station was attributed to the Baader-Meinhof group , and based on that unrelated pretext, the police began conducting raids on SPK members' houses. Three hundred fifty officers were charged with finding
390-490: The case, and they also notice this was part of a disinformation campaign against SPK due to their revolutionary positions, and thus SPK was criminalized as part of a political persecution. The rhetoric denouncing the SPK as engaged in "terrorist activity" and a precursor to the RAF re-emerged after the arrest of Kristina Berster , who crossed the US border illegally seeking asylum from West German counterterrorism operations. Berster
416-532: The core members of the Baader-Meinhof Gang had been captured and imprisoned. However, new members swelled the dwindling ranks of the Gang. These revolutionaries mostly had similar backgrounds to the first generation, e.g. they were middle class and frequently students. Most of them joined the Gang after their own groups dissolved e.g. the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK) and Movement 2 June (J2M). The SPK,
442-474: The founder of the SPK and PF/SPK(H), Huber entrusted all juridical matters concerning the groups to Ingeborg Muhler, an active member of the SPK since 1970, who is an attorney and holds a MA in Computer Science . Discussion of the SPK in both German-language and English-language written sources increased during the 1970s, fell during the 1980s, and rose again during the 1990s. Projects that have cited
468-440: The leftist 'therapy-through-violence' group, dissolved in 1971, and those members who had turned militant forged links and joined with the Baader-Meinhof Gang. Brigitte Mohnhaupt , Klaus Jünschke Carmen Roll, and Gerhard Müller had already joined as part of the first generation of the RAF but originally started in SPK. The Movement 2 June was founded in 1972 and was allied with the RAF but was ideologically anarchist as opposed to
494-515: The membership of the Red Army Faction and about eighty percent of the RAF's supporters. This was higher than other similar groups in West Germany , in which women made up about thirty percent of the membership. The RAF announced its dissolution in 1998 with the paper Die Stadtguerilla in Form der RAF ist nun Geschichte (The Urban Guerilla in the form of the RAF is now history). By 1972 a large number of
520-521: The organization was commonly referred to by the press and the government as the "Baader-Meinhof Gang", a name the group did not use to refer to itself. The RAF was responsible for 34 deaths, including many secondary targets such as chauffeurs and bodyguards, and many injuries in its almost 30 years of activity. Eileen MacDonald stated in Shoot the Women First (1991) that women made up about fifty percent of
546-663: The person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wackernagel&oldid=1079452340 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Christof Wackernagel Members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) can be split up into three generations. The first (founding) generation existed from 1970 onwards. The second generation emerged from 1975 and included people from other groups such as
SECTION 20
#1732849031495572-642: The psychiatric hospital of the University of Heidelberg . The SPK established a "free space" for "political therapy", re-framing illness as a contradiction created by capitalism which could be embraced to bring an end to the system which gave it life. They believed that the sick formed a revolutionary class of dispossessed people who could be radicalized to struggle against oppression. Organizing by sickness instead of socio-economic class allowed middle-class student leftists to articulate their own feelings of psychic and political oppression and to struggle against
598-519: The shooter. At its peak, the SPK counted about 500 members; of these, seven were arrested in the raids, including Huber on 21 July 1971. Firstly SPK was falsely linked to the Baader-Meinhof group but none of the SPK patients arrested was ever condemned due to any relation with the Baader-Meinhof group and neither was ever proved any relation within SPK and RAF. Accounts notice the brutality, legal irregularities and other sort of abuses which surrounded
624-506: The slogan, "Turn illness into a weapon", which is representative of an ethos that is continually and actively practiced under the new title, Patients' Front/Socialist Patients' Collective , PF/SPK(H) . The first collective, SPK, declared its self-dissolution in July 1971 as a strategic withdrawal but in 1973 Huber proclaimed the continuity of SPK as Patients' Front . The SPK assumes that illness exists as an undeniable fact and believe that it
650-534: Was acquitted of all conspiracy charges, and the disinformation campaign was exposed by Greg Guma. A West German embassy spokesman stated, "By all accounts the SPC was fairly harmless." Kristina Berster explained that "the purpose of the Socialist Patients Collective was to find out the reasons why people feel lonely, isolated and depressed and the circumstances which caused these problems." GSG 9 raided
676-511: Was active mostly throughout the 1980s and early 1990s until the group disbanded in 1998. Socialist Patients%27 Collective The Socialist Patients' Collective (German: Sozialistisches Patientenkollektiv , and known as the SPK ) is a patients' collective founded in Heidelberg , West Germany , in February 1970 by Wolfgang Huber. The kernel of the SPK's ideological program is summated in
#494505