89-572: Lilly : Lana Wachowski (born Larry Wachowski , June 21, 1965) and Lilly Wachowski (born Andy Wachowski , December 29, 1967) are American film and television directors, writers and producers. The sisters are both trans women . Together known as the Wachowskis ( / w ə ˈ tʃ aʊ s k i / ), the sisters have worked as a writing and directing team through most of their careers. They made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound and achieved fame with their second film, The Matrix (1999),
178-540: A science fiction action film, in 1999. The movie stars Keanu Reeves as Neo , a hacker recruited by a rebellion to aid them in the fight against machines who have taken over the world and placed humanity inside a simulated reality called "the Matrix". Laurence Fishburne , Carrie-Anne Moss , Hugo Weaving and Joe Pantoliano also star. The movie was a critical and commercial hit for Warner Bros. It won four Academy Awards, including for "Best Visual Effects" for popularizing
267-508: A 2005 study in Houston, Texas, "50% of transgender people surveyed had been hit by a primary partner after coming out as transgender". Trans representation in television, film, news, and other forms of media was slim before the 21st century. Early mainstream accounts and fictional depictions of trans women almost always relied on common tropes and stereotypes . However, portrayals have steadily grown and improved in tandem with activism . In
356-533: A different form than film. Trans women Transgender women (often shortened to trans women ) are women who were assigned male at birth . Trans women have a female gender identity and may experience gender dysphoria (distress brought upon by the discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their sex assigned at birth). Gender dysphoria may be treated with gender-affirming care . Gender-affirming care may include social or medical transition . Social transition may involve changes such as adopting
445-471: A house-painting and construction business in Chicago. Beginning in 1993, they wrote several issues of Ectokid for Marvel Comics ' Razorline imprint (created by horror novelist Clive Barker ), which were credited to Lana. They also wrote for the series Clive Barker's Hellraiser and Clive Barker's Nightbreed for Marvel's Epic Comics imprint. In the mid-1990s, they went into film writing, including
534-912: A large variety of gender identities. The term is sometimes seen as disparaging or a pejorative, similar to faggot . Trans women vary greatly in terms of sexual orientation. A survey of roughly 3,000 American trans women showed 31% of them identifying as bisexual , 29% as " gay / lesbian / same-gender ", 23% as heterosexual , 7% as asexual , as well as 7% identifying as " queer " and 2% as "other". A 12-month survey of trans women in Europe found that 22% identified as heterosexual, 10% were attracted almost exclusively to men, 3% were mostly attracted to men, 9% were bisexual, 7% were mostly attracted to women, 23% were almost attracted exclusively to women, and 20% were lesbian. A smaller 2013 study of Italian trans women found that 82% identified as heterosexual. The European study found that sexual orientation did not change over
623-450: A love for telling multi-part stories. "Because we grew up on comic books and the Tolkien trilogy , one of the things we're interested in is bringing serial fiction to cinema," Lana has said. Lilly says: "We think movies are fairly boring and predictable. We want to screw with audiences' expectations." In terms of themes expressed in their body of work, Lana has cited "the inexplicable nature of
712-580: A major box-office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both in 2003), and were involved in the writing and production of other works in the Matrix franchise . Following the commercial success of the Matrix series, the Wachowskis wrote and produced the 2005 film V for Vendetta , an adaptation of
801-862: A major influence for Cloud Atlas . They first saw the film when they were ten and seven, respectively. Lana has most been influenced by 2001: A Space Odyssey , Blade Runner , Ma vie en rose , and My Neighbor Totoro . Both Wachowskis are fans of the Ghost in the Shell , Akira , Wicked City , Ninja Scroll and Fist of the North Star anime films. None of the home video releases of their films feature any deleted scenes . Lana says that despite often having to cut scenes from their movies, they do not want to include deleted scenes in such releases, as this would suggest that their films suffer from incompleteness. They love their finished products and believe them complete. For
890-474: A month later, it received polarized reviews and eventually appeared in both "Best Film" and "Worst Film" lists. Overall reviews were mixed to positive. The film received many nominations and awards, particularly for its technical aspects, including 10 nominations for the German Film Award , out of which it won five. It also received five Saturn Award nominations, out of which it won two. David Mitchell liked
979-464: A new name , hairstyle , clothing style , and/or set of pronouns associated with the individual's affirmed gender identity. A major component of medical transition for trans women is feminizing hormone therapy , which causes the development of female secondary sex characteristics ( breasts , redistribution of body fat, lower waist–hip ratio , etc.). This, along with socially transitioning, and receiving desired gender-affirming surgeries can relieve
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#17328490077461068-537: A single word) is occasionally used interchangeably with trans woman (where trans is an adjective describing a kind of woman). However, this variant is often associated with views (notably gender-critical feminism ) that exclude trans women from women , and thus require a separate word to describe them. For this reason, many transgender people find the spelling offensive. Some prefer to omit trans , and be called simply women. In several Latin American countries,
1157-644: A space for cisgender females. This led to protests by trans women and their allies, and a boycott of the Festival by Equality Michigan in 2014. The boycott was joined by the Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD , the National Center for Lesbian Rights , and the National LGBTQ Task Force . The "womyn-born-womyn" intention first came to attention in 1991 after a transsexual festival-goer, Nancy Burkholder,
1246-493: A studio (save for $ 20 million by Warner Bros.) and the film was produced independently after much trouble. With a budget of over $ 100 million it was noted as the most expensive independent movie to that date and the first attempt at a German blockbuster. The movie opened at the 37th annual Toronto International Film Festival in September 2012 to acclaim and received a loud and lengthy standing ovation. In its general release
1335-586: A trans-feminine individual, though the term "transgender" is infrequently used to refer to those with this identity. The term is sometimes translated to "ladyboy" in English. Most trans-feminine Thai individuals simply referred to themselves as women, or phuying praphet song , meaning "another type of woman." Amongst Native Hawaiians and Tahitians , māhū are people of a third gender who possess spiritual and social roles. The term has historically been applied to people assigned male at birth, but now may refer to
1424-449: Is a type of hormone therapy focused on turning the secondary sex characteristics of a person from masculine to feminine . Feminizing hormone therapy often includes a mix of estrogens , antiandrogens , progestogens , and gonadotropin-releasing hormone modulator , though the most common approach is an estrogen in combination with an antiandrogen. Feminizing hormone therapy can induce effects including breast development , softening of
1513-500: Is an epithet of the Roman goddess Venus, who in this form, was supposedly associated with "the yearnings of feminine souls locked up in male bodies". In the Sense8 series finale, the real book Venus Castina: Famous Female Impersonators Celestial and Human makes an appearance as the unlikely object that brought a lesbian couple together; according to Lana and the actresses that portray the couple,
1602-821: Is held in various locations across the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, with details and sources for each murder provided at their website. According to a 2009 report by the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs , quoted by the Office for Victims of Crime , 11% of all hate crimes towards members of the LGBTQ community were directed towards trans women. According to Trans Murder Monitoring, between Oct 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023, 321 trans and gender-diverse individuals were killed, with trans women or trans-feminine individuals accounting for 94% of
1691-461: Is particularly severe towards non-white trans women, who experience the intersection of racism and transphobia. In her book Whipping Girl , trans woman Julia Serano refers to the unique discrimination trans women experience as " transmisogyny ". Discrimination against trans women has occurred at the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival after the Festival set out a rule that it would only be
1780-556: Is rather unexpected" and has numerous mementos of past film projects. On October 22, 2018, the Wachowskis announced their plans to close and list Kinowerks for $ 5 million. In 2003, they created Burlyman Entertainment and released comic books based on The Matrix as well as two original bi-monthly series: The Wachowskis' first script was a thriller called Carnivore . It has been described as "a Corman -style, low-budget horror movie that dealt with cannibalism or, more specifically, rich people being eaten by cannibals". The writing
1869-476: Is rejected by some as outdated, though others within the trans community still identify as transsexual. Transfeminine (or transfemme ) is a broader umbrella term for assigned-male trans individuals with a predominantly feminine identity or gender expression . This includes trans women, but is used especially for AMAB non-binary people, who may have an identity that is partially feminine, but not wholly female. The spelling transwoman (written as
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#17328490077461958-640: Is the New Black ), Hunter Schafer (playing Jules Vaughn in Euphoria ), Josie Totah , and Caitlyn Jenner (from Keeping Up with the Kardashians ). Pose , an American television show, depicts the lives of several trans women. Epic Comics Epic Comics (also known as the Epic Comics Group ) was an imprint of American publishing company Marvel Comics , active from 1982 to 1996. A spin-off of
2047-629: Is thought to correlate with serum testosterone levels (with some controversy) but the 2008 study found no such correlation in trans women. Another study, published in 2014, found that 62.4% of trans women reported their sexual desire had decreased after sexual reassignment therapy. Gender-affirming care for trans women may include feminizing hormone therapy , transgender voice therapy , and gender-affirming surgery (often referring to vaginoplasty , but may also include tracheal shave , orchiectomy , facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation , and vulvoplasty ). Feminizing hormone therapy
2136-464: The 29th Golden Raspberry Awards . Its box office gross was $ 93 million compared to a production budget of $ 120 million. Since then, critics periodically have put the film on lists of underrated or cult films . The Wachowskis' next film project was Ninja Assassin , a martial arts film starring Rain , which was released in 2009. It was inspired by Rain's fighting scene in Speed Racer . It
2225-837: The Coen brothers , who had "made five, maybe six great movies..." at that time. Speaking to Bernard Weintraub of The New York Times in April 1999, the Wachowskis mentioned explicitly that they prepared for their first Matrix production by studying the works of John Woo "and other Hong Kong filmmakers", as well as reading and rereading Homer's Odyssey , and studying the works of John Huston , Stanley Kubrick , Fritz Lang , George Lucas , Ridley Scott , and Billy Wilder . Mark Miller, writing in Wired in 2003, also listed Homer , Hermann Hesse , Fyodor Dostoyevsky , and philosopher Cornel West . In an interview with Gadfly in 1998 (after their first movie),
2314-547: The Netflix science fiction drama series Sense8 , created and written with J. Michael Straczynski. Sense8 features an international ensemble cast and was shot in multiple cities around the world. The Wachowskis directed most of the episodes of the first season, with the rest being handled by McTeigue, Tykwer, and their go-to visual effects supervisor on their movies, Dan Glass, in his directorial debut. The first season premiered in 2015 to generally positive reviews, particularly for
2403-681: The bullet time visual effect. The Matrix came to be a major influence for action movies and has appeared in several "greatest science fiction films" lists. In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant". After its success, the Wachowskis directed two sequels back-to-back , The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions , both released in 2003. The Matrix Reloaded received positive critical reception, although not on
2492-513: The intersection of transmisogyny and racism . The term transgender women is not always interchangeable with transsexual women , although the terms are often used interchangeably. Transgender is an umbrella term that includes different types of gender variant people (including transsexual people). Transgender (commonly abbreviated as trans ) is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity or gender expression are different from those typically associated with members of
2581-586: The sex they were assigned at birth . Transgender women, sometimes called male-to-female ( MTF, M2F ), are those who were assigned the male sex at birth (AMAB), but who identify and live as women. Trans women may also be short for transsexual women. Transsexual is a subset of transgender, referring to people who desire to medically transition to the sex with which they identify, usually through sex reassignment therapies , such as hormone replacement therapy and sex reassignment surgery , to align their body with their identified sex or gender. The term
2670-417: The 12 months. A 2018 study found that the most common sexual partner for trans women was cisgender women prior to transitioning. Trans women who had been for transitioning for ten years or more were more likely to report a shift in their sexual orientation. In a 2008 study, no statistically significant difference in libido was detected between trans women and cisgender women. As in males, female libido
2759-451: The 2020 film Disclosure: Trans Lives on Screen , director Sam Feder explores Hollywood's history of trans representation and the cultural effects of such depictions. Many notable 21st century trans actresses and celebrities shared their stories in the film, including Laverne Cox , Alexandra Billings , Jamie Clayton , AJ Clementine , and more. Some famous trans women in television include Laverne Cox (playing Sophia Burset on Orange
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2848-447: The Epic imprint allowed creators to retain control and ownership of their properties. Co-edited by Al Milgrom and Archie Goodwin , the imprint also allowed Marvel to publish more objectionable content (sometimes explicit) without needing to comply with the stringent Comics Code Authority . Epic titles were printed on higher quality paper than typical Marvel comics, and were only available via
2937-400: The Matrix production, the Wachowskis created EON Entertainment (not to be confused with Eon Productions ), their production company to coordinate and direct all involved partners. It is also where the films were edited together, after the various FX vendors sent their finished work. EON's internal VFX team, ESC, did a number of visual effect shots for the two Matrix sequels and coordinated
3026-442: The United States. The Human Rights Campaign report found some of these deaths to be direct results of an anti-transgender bias , and some due to related factors such as homelessness. One type of violence towards trans women is committed by perpetrators who learn that their sexual partner is transgender, and feel deceived ( "trans panic" ). Almost 95% of these crimes were committed by cisgender men towards trans women. According to
3115-413: The Wachowskis had cinematographer David Tattersall shoot the movie digitally on a digital backlot with the intention of adding extensive visual effects in post-production. The movie was considered a critical and commercial failure . While its special effects were noted as outstanding, the storyline is considered lacking. It was nominated in the category of "Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel" for
3204-521: The Wachowskis producing it for Lionsgate and looking for a director surfaced again, and in August 2003 a second time, with their go-to cinematographer Bill Pope rumored to be making his directorial debut with it. The film ultimately went unproduced. Another two of their earliest scripts which were never produced were Plastic Man , based on the DC Comics superhero of the same name and Vertical Run based on
3293-568: The Wachowskis reiterated their influence by or enjoyment of Huston (e.g. Treasure of the Sierra Madre ) and Wilder (e.g., Sunset Boulevard and Lost Weekend ), and added to these the impacts of Alfred Hitchcock (e.g. Strangers on a Train and Psycho ), Roman Polanski (e.g. Repulsion ), and Francis Ford Coppola (the Godfather movies , and The Conversation ). Ken Wilber has been cited as an influence. The Wachowskis admit to
3382-507: The Wachowskis were producing for Madhouse an animated film based on their comic book company 's Shaolin Cowboy , titled Shaolin Cowboy in The Tomb of Doom . The feature is co-directed by the comic book's creator Geof Darrow and Seiji Mizushima , a Japanese director. When the American financiers backed out, the film was left half-finished and in need of $ 3 million. Darrow does not believe that
3471-537: The Wachowskis would produce, co-create and direct second unit on a new Conan the Barbarian movie for Warner Bros. which was to be written and directed by John Milius and which could see Arnold Schwarzenegger make an appearance. The Wachowskis were planning to juggle their pre-production involvement on the movie and work on The Matrix sequels at the same time. In January 2004 it was reported that development on King Conan: Crown of Iron had stalled for years because of
3560-454: The Wachowskis' involvement in The Matrix sequels and now that the movies were complete they decided to abandon the project of their own volition because of the frequent clashes they had experienced with Milius concerning the tone and direction of the movie. Lana once suggested Conan the Barbarian as her favorite movie based on comics, to which Lilly also responded enthusiastically. In 2008,
3649-399: The ability to produce sperm . Individuals who have been on hormone therapy for an extended period of time have been shown to have a lower total sperm count than males not on hormone therapy. Cessation of hormone replacement therapy has been associated with a renewed level of fertility. Tucking is also associated with lower quality sperm production because of the increased temperature of
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3738-399: The art of comic book artist Geof Darrow as an influence on the look of The Matrix . Also, they said that Ghost in the Shell , Ninja Scroll , and Akira were anime that inspired them, saying "in anime, one thing that they do that we tried to bring to our film was a juxtaposition of time and space in action beats". The Wachowskis cited Stanley Kubrick 's 2001: A Space Odyssey as
3827-417: The book of the same name by Joseph R. Garber . After completing The Matrix , the Wachowskis were looking to make an animated adaptation of Frank Miller 's Hard Boiled graphic novel. The comic was drawn by Geof Darrow, the conceptional designer of The Matrix and later its sequels. The project didn't move forward because Miller didn't want it to be an animated film. In November 2000, Variety reported
3916-681: The deaths. In 2015, a false statistic was widely reported in the United States media stating that the life expectancy of trans women of color is only 35 years. This appears to be based on a comment specifically about Latin America in a report by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights , which compiled data on the age at death of murdered trans women for all of the Americas (North, South, and Central), and does not disaggregate by race. In 2016, 23 transgender people suffered fatal attacks in
4005-468: The duo have been based on Lana and Karin. Kinowerks is their pre- and post-production and effects studio, based in the Ravenswood neighborhood of Chicago. It has been acclaimed for its green-friendly design, including solar panels, a planted roof, countertops and floors made of recycled materials, plug-in car stations, a water reuse and filtration system, skylights, and a pneumatic elevator. Roger Ebert
4094-400: The film to James McTeigue , the first assistant director of The Matrix trilogy, as his directorial debut. Moore did not participate in the production, as he was disappointed by previous Hollywood adaptations of his work, and disagreed with differences between his graphic novel and the screenplay. Following a statement to the press by Silver that Moore was supposedly excited to learn more about
4183-400: The film's official website, developed comics based on the setting of the film, which were published free of charge on the website. These and a few short stories were released in three series from 1999 to 2003, with several of them (along with new material) collected in two print volumes in 2003 and 2004. The Wachowskis themselves contributed "Bits and Pieces", a prequel to the movie that explains
4272-511: The future. An estimated $ 20 million budget was reported although they were told a studio would "never, ever" finance it but perhaps the Wachowskis could do it themselves. In December 2010, The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Salman Rushdie and Cornel West had also shot talking head sequences along with the previously reported involvement of Huffington and Ventura but the Wachowskis were looking into other movies because of troubles financing it. In September 2012, Aleksandar Hemon wrote about
4361-507: The graphic novel by Alan Moore and David Lloyd , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series . Their next film, Cloud Atlas , based on the novel by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012. Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 , the latter of which they co-created with J. Michael Straczynski , debuted in 2015;
4450-431: The level of the original. It became a major box office hit, retaining the spot of the highest-grossing R-rated film for over a decade (until 2016's Deadpool ). The Matrix Revolutions received a mixed critical reception and performed only moderately in the box office. Although profitable, it was slightly less so compared to the original film. During production of the first film, the Wachowskis and Spencer Lamm, who ran
4539-524: The magazine from 1981 to 1991. In 1998, in the context of explaining how they got their start in filmmaking, the Wachowskis mentioned Roger Corman 's book How I Made A Hundred Movies in Hollywood and Never Lost a Dime , and indicated, with laughter, that they liked his movies, and began by wanting to "make a low-budget horror movie". In the same interview they stated that they felt flattered, after their first film, by comparisons others had made between them and
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#17328490077464628-534: The making of Cloud Atlas and recalled he too was one of the people the Wachowskis had invited to interview in December 2009, to help inspire the script of Cobalt Neural 9 . The last update on the film was in October 2012, when the Wachowskis were asked about it and they responded they were still keen to make it, because they had invested both financially ($ 5 million) and emotionally into it, even if that ends up being in
4717-473: The movie, Moore demanded that Silver retract it, and had his own name removed from the credits when he did not. The film's controversial storyline and themes have been both criticized and praised by sociopolitical groups. It was released in 2005 and was well received critically; it was a box office success but did not rank on the scale of The Matrix films. The film popularized the image of the Guy Fawkes mask , as
4806-418: The origins of the Matrix, featuring illustrations by Geof Darrow , the movie's conceptual designer. Other writers and artists that contributed to the series include Neil Gaiman , Dave Gibbons , Paul Chadwick , Ted McKeever , Poppy Z. Brite , and Steve Skroce . After Lilly Wachowski came out as transgender, she encouraged looking back on her and Lana's works "through the lens of our transness", saying that
4895-566: The other vendors. ESC was shut down in summer 2004. Anarchos Productions (credited in Cloud Atlas as Anarchos Pictures) is their production company that has been billed for all their films starting with V for Vendetta up to the first season of Sense8 . In the second season and following Lilly's break from the show, Anarchos is replaced by Venus Castina Productions, a production company created by Lana Wachowski and her wife Karin Winslow. Venus Castina
4984-541: The past year. A 2011 survey of roughly 3000 trans women living in the United States, as summarized in the report "Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey", found that trans women reported that: The American National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs' report of 2010 anti-LGBTQ violence found that of the 27 people who were murdered because of their LGBTQ identity, 44% were trans women. Discrimination
5073-408: The patient and a greater listener perception of a feminine voice. Trans women may undergo a variety of gender-affirming surgeries as part of their transition process. These surgeries may include vaginoplasty , vulvoplasty , orchiectomy , breast augmentation , and facial feminization surgery . While the relationship is not completely understood, feminizing hormone therapy appears to reduce
5162-433: The person of gender dysphoria. Like cisgender women, trans women may have any sexual orientation . Trans women face significant discrimination in many areas of life—including in employment and access to housing—and face physical and sexual violence and hate crimes, including from partners. In the United States, discrimination is particularly severe towards trans women who are members of a racial minority , who often face
5251-538: The project right before Huffington. Both of them were dressed as people from roughly 100 years in the future and they were asked to improvise without a script about the Iraq War . In May 2010, Deadline reported the movie was going to be a hard-R story that would begin in the future but move back to the then-current war in Iraq and center on the homosexual relationship between an American soldier and an Iraqi. The Wachowskis completed
5340-472: The publisher's Epic Illustrated magazine, it published creator-owned work unconnected to Marvel's superhero universe, and without the restrictions of the Comics Code . The name was revived by Marvel in the mid-2000s for a short-lived program inviting new writers to pitch series proposals to the publisher. Launched by editor-in-chief Jim Shooter as a spin-off of the successful Epic Illustrated magazine,
5429-748: The remainder of the show's second season released in May 2017. Subsequently, the third season was canceled, and Sense8 concluded with a two-hour finale which aired in June 2018. In June 2016, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences invited the Wachowskis to join its ranks. In May 2019, it was reported that Lilly would co-write, and co- showrun the eight-episode first season of the drama-comedy series Work in Progress , created by Abby McEnany and Tim Mason for Showtime . The series premiered in December 2019. In January 2020,
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#17328490077465518-488: The required amount of money to finish it will be found. In December 2009, Arianna Huffington tweeted pictures of herself on the set of "a Wachowskis movie on Iraq from the perspective of the future". CHUD.com reported what the Wachowskis were doing was camera tests and shooting of test footage on the Red digital camera for a future movie, but not shooting the movie itself. In March 2010, Jesse Ventura said he had also shot for
5607-452: The same basic film crew to make their movies. Lana says they do it in part to ensure a positive environment. "It's like family. Everyone is very respectful of each other," says Lana. They used the same practice while selecting the television crew for their Netflix show, Sense8 . Some of their most notable frequent collaborators are: (Season 2) During The Matrix Reloaded , The Matrix Revolutions , The Animatrix and Enter
5696-472: The same reason, they have not released their films for home video with director's or extended cuts . They also avoid recording audio commentary tracks, having participated only on the track recorded for the LaserDisc of Bound . The sisters say they learned that offering an interpretation of their films means that viewers will be less likely to express their own interpretation. The Wachowskis frequently hire
5785-549: The scale of the production and the presentation of diverse and LGBT characters and themes, winning the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Drama Series . It also received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music . After the first season, Lilly took a break from it, for what turned out to be the remainder of the series. A Christmas special was released on December 23, 2016, with
5874-399: The script and add new action scenes, which McTeigue directed. The film, the fourth adaptation of the novel The Body Snatchers , was released in 2007 and was not a critical or box office success. The Wachowskis and McTeigue are not credited on the film. The Wachowskis returned to directing with Speed Racer (2008) which starred Emile Hirsch . The film, which was again produced by Silver,
5963-408: The script and were searching for funding to direct it. In July 2010, the movie was reported to have begun casting under the codename CN9 (or CN-9 ), and in August 2010 the full name was revealed as Cobalt Neural 9 . In September 2010, Vulture posted additional details about the script and revealed the movie would be told in found footage-style from the perspective of digital archaeologists from
6052-482: The script for Assassins in 1994, which was directed by Richard Donner and released in 1995. Warner Bros. bought the script and included two more pictures in the contract. Donner had their script "totally rewritten" by Brian Helgeland and the Wachowskis tried unsuccessfully to remove their names from the film. They say the experience gave them the perspective that they should become directors or "[they will] never survive as writers in this town". Their next project
6141-527: The script of Cloud Atlas , spent some time on the set (including filming a cameo), and had a positive impression about the result. According to the Wachowskis the movie was the hardest of their films to make, the one they are the most proud of, and the one they have been told has touched people's lives the most. They believe Cloud Atlas will be the film for which they will be remembered. The Wachowskis subsequently produced and directed Jupiter Ascending , an original space opera screenplay they wrote. The film
6230-461: The second season of Sense8 ended the series in 2018 and was Lana's first major project without Lilly. Since the series finale of Sense8 , the Wachowskis have been working separately on different projects: Lilly directed, wrote, and executive-produced several episodes of Showtime 's Work in Progress (2019) with creators Abby McEnany and Tim Mason, while Lana filmed The Matrix Resurrections , written with Mitchell and Aleksandar Hemon , which
6319-454: The series was renewed for a 10-episode second season, with which Lilly would continue to be involved. In August 2019, it was announced that Lana would be returning to write, direct and produce The Matrix Resurrections , the fourth installment of the Matrix series, with Reeves and Moss also reprising their roles; it marks the first film made by only one of the Wachowskis. Lana wrote the script with David Mitchell and Aleksandar Hemon. The film
6408-691: The skin, redistribution of body fat towards a gynoid fat distribution , decreased muscle mass/strength , and changes in mood. Some trans women may seek to feminize their voice through transgender voice therapy, as hormone therapy does not significantly affect the voice of trans women. The aim of voice therapy (in the context of transitioning) is frequently to change the fundamental frequency , resonant frequency , and phonatory pattern to reflect that of cisgender women. This can be accomplished through speech therapy, or surgeries (including feminization laryngoplasty ). Throughout multiple studies, voice therapy has generally been shown to increase vocal satisfaction of
6497-547: The testicles, causing premature sperm death. Trans women may elect to undergo fertility preservation through semen cryopreservation via masturbation or testicular sperm extraction . Like all gender variant people, trans women often face discrimination and transphobia, particularly those who are not perceived as cisgender . A 2015 survey from The Williams Institute found that, of 27,715 transgender respondents, 52% whose families had rejected them attempted suicide, as did 64.9% of those who were physically attacked in
6586-453: The theaters but respectably on home video. Their next directorial outing was Cloud Atlas , which was adapted from David Mitchell 's 2004 novel of the same name and starred an ensemble cast which included Tom Hanks and Halle Berry . Cloud Atlas was written and directed in collaboration with German filmmaker Tom Tykwer , to whom the Wachowskis had introduced the novel several years earlier. The filmmakers failed to secure funding from
6675-435: The themes of identity, self-image and transformation are apparent in The Matrix . The Wachowskis' next feature film was V for Vendetta , an adaptation of Alan Moore and David Lloyd 's graphic novel of the same name , starring Natalie Portman and Hugo Weaving . They wrote and produced the film with Matrix producer Joel Silver , who had previously purchased the film rights to the graphic novel. The Wachowskis offered
6764-444: The universe [being] in constant dialogue with our own consciousness and our consciousness actually affect[ing] the inexplicable nature of the universe", "interconnectivity and about truth beneath the surface", "the paradox of choice and choicelessness", "transcendence ... transcending archetypal boxes, stereotypes", "race ... an important component" and "gender ... it's one of our most significant cultural subjects". The Wachowskis cited
6853-410: The version designed by David Lloyd for the graphic novel and used in the movie was adopted as a symbol by the online hacktivist group Anonymous two years later. In 2006, Silver had the Wachowskis and McTeigue hired to revamp The Invasion for Warner Bros. The studio was disappointed in the original cut of the film by director Oliver Hirschbiegel and hired the Wachowskis to rewrite a portion of
6942-402: The word travesti is sometimes used to designate people who have been assigned male sex at birth, but develop a female gender identity. The use of travesti precedes transgender in the region; its distinction from trans woman is controversial and can vary depending on the context, ranging from considering it a regional equivalent to a third gender . In Thailand , kathoey refers to
7031-407: Was an adaptation of a 1960s Japanese manga series originally called Mach GoGoGo , which had previously been adapted as an anime television series in 1967. The Wachowskis were attracted to the project because the series was the first anime they had watched, and they wanted to make a family-friendly film for their nieces and nephews to enjoy. In an effort to simulate the look of anime in live action,
7120-495: Was announced that Warner Bros. was developing a new Matrix installment with Drew Goddard attached to write and direct, for which Lana will serve as an executive producer. J. Michael Straczynski , who has worked with the Wachowskis on Ninja Assassin and Sense8 , has said that the sisters told him they were reading his column on scriptwriting for the Writer's Digest magazine, for inspiration and pointers. Straczynski contributed to
7209-526: Was asked to leave the festival when several women recognized her as a trans woman and expressed discomfort with her presence in the space. Trans women face a form of violence known as trans bashing . The Washington Blade reported that Global Rights , an international NGO, tracked the mistreatment of trans women in Brazil, including at the hands of the police. To commemorate those who have been murdered in hate crimes , an annual Transgender Day of Remembrance
7298-720: Was assistant coordinator for the film Bound ; she is a novelist and screenwriter. The Wachowskis attended the Kellogg Elementary School in Chicago's Beverly area, and graduated from Whitney Young High School , known for its performing arts and science curriculum, in 1983 and 1985. Former classmates recall them playing Dungeons & Dragons and working in the school's theater and TV program. Lana went to Bard College , in New York state; Lilly attended Emerson College , in Boston . Each dropped out before graduating, and they ran
7387-510: Was invited to watch a restored print of The Godfather in the Kinowerks facilities and met the Wachowskis, but he was oblivious to the fact the studio belonged to them. According to the Chicago Tribune ' s Christopher Pirelli, the facility is very low-key: "an industrial building that appears neither old nor especially new" and "It could be an upscale dentist's office" while the "inside
7476-432: Was produced by the Wachowskis in their last involvement with Silver, and directed by McTeigue. The screenplay was written by Matthew Sand and J. Michael Straczynski , whom the Wachowskis called six weeks before filming to ask him for a total rewrite completed within a week, because they were dissatisfied with the earlier drafts and were running out of time. Ninja Assassin received negative reviews and performed lukewarmly in
7565-399: Was released in 2015. It stars Channing Tatum and Mila Kunis , and features the Wachowskis' regular collaborators John Gaeta on visual effects and Kym Barrett on costumes. According to Deadline , the financial and critical failure of Jupiter Ascending caused their business relationship with Warner Bros, that began with The Matrix franchise, to be terminated. Their next project was
7654-543: Was released in December 2021. In February 2024, Lilly was announced by Collider to direct Trash Mountain , a film about a young gay man from Chicago returning to his rural Missouri to deal with his father's hoarder state after the latter's death. The film, being Lilly's first directorial effort since Jupiter Ascending , will star Caleb Hearon , be written by Hearon and Ruby Caster and will be produced by Colin Trevorrow , Eddie Vaisman and Julia Lebedev. In April 2024, it
7743-511: Was released in December 2021. Lana was born in Chicago in 1965; Lilly was born two and a half years later, in 1967. Their mother, Lynne ( née Luckinbill), was a nurse and painter. Their father, Ron Wachowski, was a businessman of Polish descent. Their uncle is an actor and Primetime Emmy Award -winning producer, Laurence Luckinbill . Ron and Lynne died five weeks apart in the late 2010s. Lana and Lilly have two other sisters, Julie and Laura. Julie
7832-423: Was the 1996 neo-noir thriller Bound , for which they wrote the script and made their debut as directors. The film was well received for its style and craft, and was noted as one of the first mainstream films to feature a same-sex relationship without it being central to the plot. Taking advantage of the positive buzz, the Wachowskis asked to direct their next picture, The Matrix . They completed The Matrix ,
7921-456: Was well received and the script achieved notice for the duo; however, interest in making the movie was low, for executives told them: "This is a bad idea. I can't make this. I'm rich." Years later, on April 6, 1999, a week after The Matrix opened in American theaters, Variety reported Trimark was looking to buy the script and were in talks with George A. Romero to direct it with production scheduled to begin in August. In April 2001, news of
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