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49-739: WQCW (channel 30), branded Tri-State's CW , is a television station licensed to Portsmouth, Ohio , United States, serving as the CW affiliate for the Charleston – Huntington, West Virginia market . It is one of two commercial television stations in the market licensed outside West Virginia (alongside WTSF , channel 61, in Ashland, Kentucky ). WQCW is owned by Gray Television alongside Huntington-licensed NBC affiliate WSAZ-TV (channel 3). The two stations share studios on 5th Avenue in Huntington; WQCW's transmitter

98-524: A barter in some cases. Shared services Shared services is the provision of a service by one part of an organization or group where that service had previously been found in more than one part of the organization or group. Thus the funding and resourcing of the service is shared and the providing department effectively becomes an internal service provider. The key here is the idea of 'sharing' within an organization or group. This sharing needs to fundamentally include shared accountability of results by

147-620: A local marketing agreement on February 1. The sale was completed on April 1. On January 14, 2015, the low-power repeater WOCW was sold to DTV America Corporation for a token payment of $ 100; WQCW's move to the WOWK tower made the repeater redundant. The station's local programming efforts have been mostly high school sports and local professional wrestling promotions such as the Portsmouth-based Revolutionary Championship Wrestling. Under Lockwood's ownership,

196-548: A clear baseline of costs and contained several uncertainties, such as the initial expenditure required and the time frame for the savings. There are reports of UK government shared service centres failing to realise savings, such as the Department of Transport's project, described as 'stupendous incompetence' by the Parliament's Public Accounts Committee. The Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS), has implemented shared services for

245-510: A close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide to internal customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide specific technology components as a shared service. E-mail and scanning operations were obvious early candidates; many organizations with document-intensive operations are deploying scanning centers as a shared service. Many large organizations, in both the public and private sectors, are now considering deploying enterprise content management (ECM) technology as

294-448: A common resource' argument and the ‘efficiency through industrialization' argument. The former is ‘obvious': if you have fewer managers, IT systems, buildings etc; if you use less of some resource, it will reduce costs. The second argument is ‘efficiency through industrialization’. This argument assumes that efficiencies follow from specialization and standardization – resulting in the creation of ‘front' and ‘back' offices. The typical method

343-475: A dispute over the addition of a news helicopter. The news department was shuttered altogether two days later. On March 31, 2014, concurrent with Gray's purchase of WQCW, WSAZ-TV moved its 10 p.m. newscast from WSAZ-DT2, its second digital subchannel, to WQCW. The newscast was also expanded from thirty minutes to one hour, putting it in direct competition with the 10 p.m. newscast on WVAH that is produced by ABC affiliate WCHS-TV (channel 8). The station's signal

392-443: A local Huntington–Charleston feed, with DirecTV following suit on January 25, 2006. The station began to be carried in high definition on DirecTV on November 9, 2010, with Dish following on March 7, 2012. When UPN and The WB shut down and merged to form The CW in 2006, WHCP joined the new network more or less by default. On May 26, WOWB and WBWV became WOCW-LP (channel 21) and WVCW-LP (channel 45), respectively, in preparation for

441-478: A means for setting performance targets that are met either through incremental performance improvements or transformational change. - Strategic: with a focus on a long-term horizon; and - Tactical: with a focus on the short and medium term 2. To focus an organization on becoming world class with processes that deliver the highest levels of performance that are better than those of its peer group. The private sector has been moving towards shared services since

490-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in

539-518: A number of departments and functions. For example, IT Assist (the ICT Shared Service Centre) provides common infrastructure and desktop services to NICS staff in the office, at home or when mobile working. The government of Canada instituted Shared Services Canada on August 4, 2011, with the objective of consolidating its data centres, networks and email systems. This followed a tendency to centralize IT services which had been followed by

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588-599: A set of regional Health Boards to a unified national structure, the Health Services Executive. Within this structure there will be a National Shared Services Organisation, based on the model developed at the former Eastern Health Shared Services, where procurement, HR, finance and ICT services were provided to health agencies in the Eastern Region of Ireland on a business-to business basis. Organizations that have centralized their IT functions have now begun to take

637-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations

686-567: Is multiplexed : WQCW shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 30, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 17, using virtual channel 30. Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany ,

735-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,

784-541: Is an attempt to reduce costs (often attempted through economies of scale ), standardized processes (through centralization). A global Service Center Benchmark study carried out by the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON) and the Hackett Group, which surveyed more than 250 companies, found that only about a third of all participants were able to generate cost savings of 20% or greater from their SSOs. At NASA,

833-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around

882-414: Is claimed that transformation often results in a better quality of work life for employees although there are few case studies to back this up . Shared services are more than just centralization or consolidation of similar activities in one location. Shared services can mean running these service activities like a business and delivering services to internal customers at a cost, quality, and timeliness that

931-439: Is competitive with alternatives. A shared service can take a variety of different commercial structures. The basic commercial structures include: It is sometimes argued that there are three basic location variations for a shared service including: This is not just to take advantage of wage arbitrage but to appreciate the talents of particular economies in delivering specific service offerings. The difficulty with this argument

980-562: Is considered by some as a necessity. Benchmarking is the comparison of the service provision usually against best in class . The measurement occurs by using agreed key performance indicators (KPIs). Although the amount of KPIs chosen differs greatly it is generally accepted that fewer than 10 carefully chosen KPIs will deliver the best results. Organizations do attempt to define benchmarks for processes and business operations. Benchmarking can be used to achieve different goals including: 1. To drive performance improvements using benchmarks as

1029-500: Is disputed however by management thinker Professor John Seddon , who argues that the measurement known as 'unit cost' tells you nothing about overall costs. Overall costs include ' failure demand ', which is defined as a failure to do something or do something right for the customer. The public sector has taken note of the benefits derived in the private sector and continues to strive for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since

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1078-476: Is located on Barker Ridge near Milton . Although a construction permit was issued for channel 30 in 1984 under the calls WUXA, no station signed on this channel until October 5, 1998, when WHCP signed on as an affiliate of The WB . It added UPN programming in 2000 after that network was dropped from Fox affiliate WVAH-TV , airing it off-pattern on weekends and after WB network time. The station's analog transmitter, despite its over 2 million- watt ERP ,

1127-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually

1176-402: Is sometimes assumed that a joint venture between a government department and a commercial organization is an example of shared services. The joint venture involves the creation of a separate legal commercial entity (jointly owned), which provides profit to its shareholders. Traditionally the development of a shared-service organization (SSO) or shared-service centre (SSC) within an organization

1225-400: Is that near-shore and off-shore are normally associated with the outsourcing model and are difficult to reconcile with the notion of an internally shared service as distinct from an externally purchased service. Clearly, the use of off-shore facilities by a government department is not an example of shared services. In establishing and running a shared service, benchmarking and measurement

1274-423: Is to simplify, standardize and then centralize, using an IT 'solution' as the means. Shared services is different from the model of outsourcing , which is where an external third party is paid to provide a service that was previously internal to the buying organization, typically leading to redundancies and re-organization. There is an ongoing debate about the advantages of shared services over outsourcing . It

1323-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station

1372-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has

1421-511: The 2006 switch to a shared services model is realizing nearly $ 20 million of savings annually. Further, by the end of 2015, the NASA Shared Services Center is expected to save the organization a total of over $ 200 million, according to NASA's Director of Service Delivery. A large-scale cultural and process transformation can be a key component of a move to shared services and may include redundancies and changes of work practices. It

1470-627: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in

1519-531: The air, it signed on two low-power translators —WBWV-LP (channel 69) in Huntington and WOWB-LP (channel 53) in Charleston. The station effectively depended on cable and satellite for most of its viewership, which is all but essential for acceptable television in much of this vast market, even in today's digital era—especially in Eastern Kentucky. Dish Network had carried the station since it began offering

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1568-612: The beginning of the 1980s. Large organizations such as the BBC , BP , Bristol Myers Squibb , Ford , GE , HP , Pfizer , Rolls-Royce , ArcelorMittal , and SAP are operating them with great success. According to the English Institute of Chartered Accountants, more than 30% of U.S. Fortune 500 companies have implemented a shared-service center, and are reporting cost savings in their general accounting functions of up to 46%. The conventional accounting practice used to generate these figures

1617-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of

1666-461: The late 1990s. However, the failures of these projects are increasingly being reported by the press and exposed by opposition politicians. The UK government under a central drive to efficiency following from the Gershon Review are working to an overall plan for realizing the benefits of shared services. The Cabinet Office has established a team specifically tasked with the role of accelerating

1715-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at

1764-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on

1813-440: The new affiliation. WHCP followed suit on May 31, changing its calls to WQCW. It initially rebranded itself as "The Q", with a logo showing The CW's logo turning into a capital "Q", but eventually followed the network's generic regional branding style as "Tri-State's CW". On January 20, 2007, longtime owner Commonwealth Broadcasting sold the station to Lockwood Broadcast Group . The deal closed on May 21, 2007. The WVCW-LP license

1862-520: The other stations in the market. On November 15, 2013, Lockwood announced that it would sell WQCW and WOCW-LP to Excalibur Broadcasting for $ 5.5 million. Had the purchase been approved by the FCC, WQCW would have entered into a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Television, owner of NBC affiliate WSAZ-TV. Excalibur's president Don Ray was a former general manager at WSAZ. However, in February 2014, this deal

1911-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be

1960-513: The provinces of British Columbia , Québec , and Ontario , as well as the federal government of the United States of America and some states like Texas. PriceWaterhouseCoopers recommended integrating government data centres in a report ordered by Public Works and Government Services Canada, revealed in December 2011. In the Republic of Ireland , the health service nationally has been reorganized from

2009-535: The station did not produce much local content, and served mostly as a "pass-through" for automated programming. The station, under the WHCP call letters, attempted a local news operation between November 7, 2005, and February 21, 2006, with longtime local anchor Tom McGee as the station's main anchor and news director for weeknight shows at 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. The program was done on a very low budget; it did not have teleprompters or an IFB system, and its presentation style

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2058-526: The take up and developing the strategy for all government departments to converge and consolidate. The savings potential of this transformation in the UK Public Sector was initially estimated by the Cabinet Office at £1.4bn per annum (20% of the estimated cost of HR and Finance functions). The National Audit Office (United Kingdom) in its November 2007 report pointed out that this £1.4bn figure lacked

2107-500: The unit from where the work is migrated to the provider. The provider, on the other hand, needs to ensure that the agreed results are delivered based on defined measures ( KPIs , cost, quality etc.). Shared services is similar to collaboration that might take place between different organizations such as a Hospital Trust or a Police Force. For example, adjacent Trusts might decide to collaborate by merging their HR or IT functions. There are two arguments for sharing services: The ‘less of

2156-399: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines

2205-487: Was abandoned in favor of selling WQCW and WOCW to Gray outright for that same $ 5.5 million; Gray noted in the updated filing with the FCC that WQCW is not among the four highest-rated stations in the market and that there would still be eight unique station owners upon the completion of the WQCW purchase, and in a statement said that "it made more sense to own the stations outright." In the interim, Gray took over WQCW and WOCW through

2254-842: Was not strong enough to cover the entire Huntington–Charleston market, even though it identifies itself on-air as "Portsmouth–Charleston". The market, the largest geographic market east of the Mississippi River , covers 31 counties in central West Virginia, eastern Kentucky and southern Ohio. Most of this territory is a very rugged dissected plateau , making UHF reception difficult. WVAH faced similar problems when it originally signed on in 1982 on channel 23, forcing it to move to channel 11 in 1988. WHCP did not have that recourse, and could not increase their analog station's power due to probable interference with digital television stations in Roanoke, Virginia , and Knoxville, Tennessee . Shortly after going on

2303-417: Was surrendered to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on June 1, 2012, as Lockwood did not intend to convert the translator to digital. In the digital transition, WQCW's transmitter was moved to the WOWK tower near Huntington. At the same time, the station's power was boosted to a full million watts, equivalent to five million watts in analog. This gave the station a coverage area comparable to those of

2352-674: Was the first regular television service in the world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content

2401-488: Was very crude even by small-market standards. The station also did not subscribe to Associated Press newswires. As a result, it never seriously competed with the major stations in the market at 6 p.m., nor WVAH's 10 p.m. show. McGee was forced from the station on February 21, 2006, over claims the station refused to provide health insurance to his reporters, and because of low revenues allegedly paid some employees with discounted and/or free food from station advertisers, and

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