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62-414: A whip is a stick, cord, or strap, usually with a stiff handle, used for striking or as an animal training aid. Whip or whips or WHIP or The Whip may also refer to: Whip Whips such as the " cat o' nine tails " and knout are specifically developed for corporal punishment or torture on human targets. Certain religious practices and BDSM activities involve the self-use of whips or

124-679: A bullwhip in a thick vegetated environment with less swinging room. The Tampa Bay Whip Enthusiasts give demonstrations of the Florida Cracker Cowboy in costume at the annual Heritage Village Civil War Days festival, located in Largo, Florida every year in May. Signal whips (or signalwhips) are a type of single-tailed whip, originally designed to control dog teams. A signal whip usually measures between 0.9 and 1.2 metres (3 and 4 ft) in length. Signal whips and snake whips are similar. What distinguishes

186-506: A stockman (plural stockmen ) is a person who looks after the livestock on a station , traditionally on horse. It has a similar meaning to " cowboy ". A stockman may also be employed at an abattoir , feedlot , on a livestock export ship, or with a stock and station agency. Stockmen who work with the cattle in the Top End are known as ringers and are often only employed for the dry season which lasts from April to October. A station hand

248-486: A feature of agricultural shows such as the Sydney Royal Easter Show . Stockman challenges are also gaining in popularity across the eastern states of Australia. In this event competitors show their skills by whipcracking , packing a packhorse (to be led around a course), bareback obstacle course, cross country, shoeing and stock handling competing in a single Australian Stock Saddle . The best will compete in

310-433: A final with a brumby catch and a second final section of a stock saddle buckjump ride where they have to mark out carrying a stockwhip, or a timed obstacle event. The role of the stockmen has often been celebrated in various media, with the stockman being generally more highly renowned for his ability to bring down a bullock than an outlaw and for sharp wit rather than sharp shooting . Two well-known songs commemorate

372-497: A flexible chain. Generally, the whip has a handle at one end and a metal dart, used for slashing or piercing an opponent, at the other. A cloth flag is often attached at or near the dart end of the whip and a second flag may cover the whip's handle. According to the book The Chain Whip , a whip in Chinese historical text may refer to either the soft whip or the hard whip due to an ambiguity in

434-640: A high-speed camera they were also able to verify that the tip of a whip can break the speed of sound . In the Sherlock Holmes series of stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , Holmes occasionally carries a loaded hunting crop as his favorite weapon. (For example, see " The Adventure of the Six Napoleons ".) Such crops were sold at one time. Loading refers to the practice of filling the shaft and head with heavy metal (e.g., steel, lead) to provide some heft. Stockman (Australia) In Australia ,

496-457: A human with a well-placed strike. The biological names of some lizards reference this with the terms Mastigo- or -mastix , which derive from the Greek term for "whip". The whip snakes are so-called from their physical resemblance, and were associated with myths that they could whip with their body in self-defense, since proven false. Uropygi arachnids are also known as "whip scorpions" due to

558-399: A large stock whip. The cattle drafter (or drafting whip) is a cane or fibreglass rod with a handgrip, knob and wrist strap. The cane length is about 75 cm (2 ft 6 in) and the flapper length is about 30 cm (12 in) long. These whips are used in cattle yards and also when moving pigs. The bullock-whip was used by an Australian bullock team driver ( bullocky ). The thong

620-544: A load in the butt (often a lead ball or steel ball-bearing) to facilitate its use as improvised blackjack . Horse whips or riding whips are artificial aids used by equestrians while riding, driving, or handling horses from the ground. There are many different kinds, but all feature a handle, a long, semi-flexible shaft, and either a popper or lash at the end, depending on use. Riding whips rarely exceed 48" from handle to popper, horse whips used for ground training and carriage driving are sometimes longer. The term "whip"

682-484: A loud noise. Short, stiff crops often have a wide leather "popper" at the end which makes a particularly loud noise when slapped against an animal, boot, or other object. Stockwhips (or stock whips ), including bullwhips and the Australian stockwhip, are a type of single-tailed leather whip with a very long lash but a short handle. Stockwhips are primarily used to make a loud cracking sound via special techniques that break

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744-453: A paddock where they can be held. After the stock have been yarded they may then require drafting prior to branding, shearing or whatever procedures are required or have been planned. The employment of mounted workers to tend livestock is necessitated in Australia by the large size of the "properties" which may be called sheep stations or cattle stations , depending upon the type of stock. In

806-622: A pouch; light coloured, stockman cut, moleskin trousers with brown elastic side boots. The moleskin trousers have now largely been replaced by jeans. The plaited belt is often replaced by a working stockman or ringer with a belt known as a Queensland Utility Strap which can be used as a belt, neck strap, lunch-time hobble or a tie for a "micky". This attire is still used in Australian Stock Horse competitions. Pocket knives may be used to castrate and/or earmark an animal, to bang cattle tails or in an emergency to cut free an animal entangled in

868-451: A rope is unravelled into three small ropes, each of which is unravelled again. The Bian ( Chinese : 鞭 ; pinyin : Biān ; lit. 'Whip'), also known as Chinese whip or hard whip , is a type of tubular-shaped club or rod weapon designed to inflict blunt damage with a whipping motion. A typical hard whip is made with metal and has a length of around 90 centimetres . Bamboo node-like protrusions are attached to

930-530: A rope or horse tack . Specially designed and cut for riding, oilskin Driza-Bone coats are used during wet weather. The horse typically wears a ringhead bridle, a saddle cloth, a leather Australian stock saddle , which may be equipped with a breastplate in steep country, and saddlebag and quart-pot. Stockmen traditionally ride horses , use working dogs and a stockwhip for stock work and mustering , but motorised vehicles are increasingly used. Sometimes

992-441: A signal whip from a snake whip is the absence of a "fall". A fall is a piece of leather attached to the end of the body of the whip. In a snake whip, the "cracker" attaches to the fall. In a signal whip, the cracker attaches directly to the body of the whip. Snake whips (or snakewhips) are a type of single-tailed whip. The name snake whip is derived from the fact that this type of whip has no handle inside and so can be curled up into

1054-597: A small cash wage in the 1950s and 1960s, much less than their white counterparts. In 1966, Vincent Lingiari led Gurindji workers on the Wave Hill walk-off , a strike on the large Vesteys cattle station in the Northern Territory , which brought about wage parity two years later. In the 21st century class actions for these " stolen wages ", as they have been dubbed, have taken place in Queensland, Western Australia and

1116-485: A small circle which resembles a coiled snake. They were once commonly carried in the saddlebag by cowboys of the old west. A full sized snake whip is usually at least 1.2 metres (4 ft) in length (excluding the fall and cracker at the tip of the whip) and around one inch in diameter at the butt of the whip. A pocket snake whip can be curled up small enough to fit into a large pocket, and ranges in size from 0.9 to 1.8 metres (3 to 6 ft) in length. The pocket snake whip

1178-594: A truck to an area where stock-work can be completed without having to drive stock long distances to permanent yards. Stockmen and their horses can be unloaded at these yards and then the cattle can be branded and also transported from these yards if required. Lambs are also often marked in temporary yards as a means of reducing infection. A number of equestrian sports are particularly associated with stockmen. These include campdrafting , team penning , tentpegging and polocrosse , as well as working dog trials. The sports are played in local and state competitions and are often

1240-406: Is an employee who is involved in routine duties on a rural property or station, which may also involve caring for livestock. With pastoral properties facing dire recruitment problems as young men are lured into the booming mining industry, young women from the cities are becoming a common sight on outback stations, often attracted by the chance to work with horses. An associated occupation is that of

1302-490: Is attached to a fall and a cracker. Total weight is 1–2 kg. It is used for physical exercise and in performances. Some organisms exhibit whip-like appendages in their physiology: Many unicellular organisms and spermatozoa have one or two whip-like flagella , which are used for propulsion. "Flagellum" is Latin for "whip". The tails of some large lizards (e.g. iguanas and monitor lizards ) are used and optimized for whipping, and larger lizards can seriously injure

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1364-530: Is done with horses or vehicles including all-terrain vehicles (ATV), and some of the large cattle stations use helicopters or light aircraft to assist in the mustering and surveillance of livestock and their watering points. Cattle mustering in the Outback and the eastern ‘Falls’ country of the Great Dividing Range often necessitates days camping out in isolated areas and sleeping in a swag (bedroll) on

1426-419: Is made up of nine knotted thongs of cotton cord , about 0.8 metres ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 2  ft) long, designed to lacerate the skin and cause intense pain. It traditionally has nine thongs as a result of the manner in which rope is plaited . Thinner rope is made from three strands of yarn plaited together, and thicker rope from three strands of thinner rope plaited together. To make a cat o' nine tails,

1488-542: Is primarily a whip for occasional use, such as in loading cattle. Both of these types of snake whips are made with a leather shot bag running approximately three quarters of the length of the whip. Blacksnakes are the traditional whips used in Montana and Wyoming . The blacksnake has a heavy shot load extending from the butt well down the thong, and the whip is flexible right to the butt. They range in size from 1.8 to 3.7 metres (6 to 12 ft) in length. Some types concentrate

1550-548: Is the generic word for riding whips, the term " crop " is more specific, referring to a short, stiff whip used primarily in English riding disciplines such as show jumping or hunt seat . Some of the more common types of horse whips include: Rudyard Kipling 's short story Garm - a Hostage mentions a long whip used by a horseback rider in India to defend an accompanying pet dog from risk of attack by native pariah dogs . This probably

1612-529: Is widely—if only situationally—portrayed across many avenues of popular culture. Whips have appeared in many cartoons , television shows , video games (including a central role in the Castlevania franchise), and numerous feature films , ranging from the original Zorro (1919) to Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and Catwoman (2004). The popular investigative-entertainment program MythBusters tested

1674-540: The Chinese language . "Both the hard whip and the soft whip can both be referred to simply as whip (鞭) in Chinese." Qilinbian (麒麟鞭, literally meaning "unicorn whip") is a metal whip invented in China in the late 1900s. The 15 cm handle is made from a steel chain wrapped with leather. The lash is made of steel rods decreasing in size linked by progressively smaller steel rings. Lash varies between 150 cm and 180 cm and

1736-512: The drover , who, like the shearer may be an itinerant worker, and is employed in tending to livestock while they are travelling on a stock route . A station trainee is known as a jackaroo (male) or jillaroo (female). The role of the mounted stockmen came into being early in the 19th century, after the Blue Mountains , separating the coastal plain of the Sydney region from the interior of

1798-459: The sound barrier , to move livestock (cattle, sheep, horses, etc.) away from the sound. It is generally not used to actually strike an animal, as it would inflict excessive pain and is difficult to apply with precision. The Australian stockwhip is often said to have originated in the English hunting whip, but it has since become a distinct type of whip. Today, it is used primarily by stockmen . Unlike

1860-467: The 1920s. Raman whips were effective on horse farms, horse derbies, and in other rural areas. It was pioneered by the South African inventor, Delaware Kumar. The Florida cow whip used by Floridian cowboys is a two-piece unit like the stockwhip and is connected to the handle by threading two strands of the thong through a hollow part of a wooden handle before being tied off. The cowwhip is heavier than

1922-666: The 1970s the historian Desmond Seward was reported by the Daily Telegraph to have been threatened with horsewhipping for besmirching the reputation of Richard III in a biography . The cat o' nine tails is a type of multi-tailed whip that originated as an implement for severe physical punishment , notably in the Royal Navy and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a judicial punishment in Britain and some other countries. The cat

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1984-404: The Australian stock whip, the thong connects in line with the handle (rather than with a joint), or even engulfs the handle entirely. At the end of the lash is the "fall" and cracker or popper. The fall is a single piece of leather between 25 and 76 cm (10 and 30 in) in length. During trick shots or target work, the fall is usually the portion of the whip used to cut, strike, or wrap around

2046-445: The Australian stockwhip. Early cowwhips were made mostly of cowhide or buckskin . Modern cow whips are made of flat nylon parachute cord , which, unlike those made from leather, are still effective when wet. Most cowwhips have handles that average 41 cm (16 in), and thongs that average 30 cm (12 in). A good cowwhip can produce a loud crack by a simple push of the handle. This can make it more convenient to use than

2108-748: The NT. In 1911, rural stockmen received only £1 to £1/5/- a week plus keep after a decision was made by the Arbitration Court. The award of 1918 increased wages by up to 50 per cent to a minimum of £2/13/-. Head stockmen received about £1 extra. Stockmen now work under a state or federal award, which is reviewed regularly. A stockman is responsible for the care for livestock and treatment of their injuries and illnesses. This includes feeding, watering, mustering , droving, branding, castrating, ear tagging , weighing, vaccinating livestock and dealing with their predators. Stockmen need to be able to judge age by examining

2170-426: The artistic creators of the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, were also the co-creators of the musical, The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular . A further tribute to the stockman derives from the fact that for a number of years the promotions of the Sydney Royal Easter Show have referred to it as "The Great Australian Muster". In Longreach , Queensland, a museum and memorial called

2232-406: The continent, were first crossed by Europeans in 1813. The town of Bathurst was founded shortly after, and potential farmers moved westward, and settled on the land, many of them as squatters . The rolling country, ideal for sheep and the large, often unfenced, properties necessitated the role of the shepherd to tend the flocks. Early stockmen were specially selected, highly regarded men owing to

2294-687: The death of a stockman, the anonymous "Wrap me up with my stockwhip and blanket" and Rolf Harris 's " Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport ". Through the 19th and early 20th centuries the writing of balladic poetry was a favoured form of literary expression, and the public recitation of such pieces remains a feature of Australian folk festivals . The majority of the most popular ballads deal with rural subject and many are specifically about stockmen. These works include Adam Lindsay Gordon 's Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes which includes " The Sick Stockrider ", and, most famously, Banjo Paterson 's epic poem The Man from Snowy River . "The Man from Snowy River"

2356-469: The dentition (teeth) of cattle, sheep and occasionally horses. Those caring for sheep will regularly have to deal with flystrike treatments, jetting animals, worm control and lamb marking. Pregnant livestock usually receive special care in late pregnancy and stockmen may have to deal with dystocia (abnormal or difficult birth or labour). A good stockman is aware of livestock behavioural characteristics, and has an awareness of flight zone distances of

2418-402: The gold rushes white labour was expensive and difficult to retain. Aboriginal women also worked with cattle on the northern stations after this practice developed in northern Queensland during the 1880s. A Native Administration Act later stopped the employment of women in the cattle camps. Aboriginal people often received only food and clothing to retain their labour, until they began to be paid

2480-416: The ground with limited food choices. Damper is a traditional type of bread that was baked by stockmen during colonial times, or nowadays when the bread supply has been exhausted. It is made with self-raising flour, salt and water and is usually cooked in a camp oven over the embers of a fire. In these areas the days in the saddle are often very long as the cattle have to be mustered and then driven to yards or

2542-413: The handle. The crack is thus a small sonic boom . Whips were the first man-made objects to break the sound barrier. Most stick type whips cannot make a crack by themselves, unless they either have a very long lash, such as a longe whip , or are very flexible with a moderately long lash, like certain styles of buggy whip. But any design can be banged against another object, such as leather boot, to make

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2604-459: The high value and importance of early livestock. All stockmen need to be interested in animals, able to handle them with confidence and patience, able to make accurate observations about them and enjoy working outdoors. Aboriginal Australians were good stockmen who played a large part in the successful running of many stations. With their intimate bonds to their tribal places, and local knowledge they also took considerable pride in their work. After

2666-405: The human hand or arm, are a visual command, or to tap an animal, or to exert pressure. Such use may be related to operant conditioning where the subject is conditioned to associate the whip with irritation, discomfort or pain, but in other cases, a whip can be used as a simple tool to provide a cue connected to positive reinforcement for compliant behavior. In the light of modern attitudes towards

2728-403: The inland regions of most states excluding Victoria and Tasmania, cattle stations may exceed 10,000 km with the largest being Anna Creek Station at 24,000 km (6,000,000 acres). The traditional attire of a stockman or grazier is a felt Akubra hat; a double-flapped, two-pocket (for stock notebooks) cotton shirt; a plaited Kangaroo leather belt carrying a stockman's pocket knife in

2790-578: The livestock being handled. Apart from livestock duties a stock person will inspect, maintain and repair fences, gates and yards that have been broken by storms, fallen trees, livestock and wildlife. A head stockman is responsible for a number of workers and a range of livestock and property operations including the supervision of operations that includes feeding, mating, managing artificial breeding and embryo transfer programs; managing vehicle and equipment maintenance; repair and maintenance of property structures; supervising and training of staff. Mustering

2852-423: The performance opened with 121 stockmen and women riding Australian Stock Horses in a tribute to the Australian pastoral heritage and the importance of the stock horse in Australia's heritage. The pastoral tribute took place to music written by Bruce Rowland , who composed a special Olympics version of the main theme for the 1982 movie " The Man from Snowy River ". David Atkins and Ignatius Jones , who were

2914-408: The potential for cruelty in whips, other names have gained currency among practitioners such as whips called a "wand" or a "stick," calling the lash a "string" or a "popper". The loud sound of a whip-crack is produced by a ripple in the material of whip travelling towards the tip, rapidly escalating in speed until it breaches the speed of sound , more than 30 times the speed of the initial movement in

2976-407: The shape of their tails. It has been proposed that some sauropod dinosaurs could crack the ends of their tails like coach whips as a sound signal, as well as a form of defense against any attackers. Newer, more sophisticated models, however, suggest that while the tails of some Diplodocid Dinosaurs could be used as whips, they likely would not have been able to break the sound barrier. The whip

3038-597: The short, embedded handle of a bullwhip, the stockwhip handle is not fitted inside the lash and is usually longer. A stockwhip's handle is connected to the thong by a joint typically made of a few strands of thick leather (which is called a keeper). This allows the whip to hang across a stockman's arm when not being used. The handles are normally longer than those of a bullwhip, being between 38 and 53 cm (15 and 21 in). The thong can be from 1 to 3 metres (3 to 10 ft) long. Stockwhips are also almost exclusively made from tanned kangaroo hide. The Australian stockwhip

3100-487: The sound instinctively, making it effective for driving sled dogs , livestock and teams of harnessed animals like oxen and mules . The sound is loud enough to affect multiple animals at once, making whip-cracking more efficient under some circumstances. This technique can be used as part of an escalation response, with sound being used first prior to a pain stimulus being applied, again as part of operant conditioning. Whips used without painful stimulus, as an extension of

3162-463: The target. The cracker is the portion of the whip that makes the loud "sonic boom" sound, but a whip without a cracker will still make a sonic boom, simply not as loud. There are other variations and lengths of stock whips. The yard whip is a type of smaller stockwhip. The yard whip is used on ground in cattle yards and other small areas where speed and precision is needed. The yard whip is also used by younger children that are not strong enough to handle

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3224-534: The use of sound, such as cracking of a bullwhip . Other uses of whips are to provide a visual directional cue by extending the reach and visibility of the human arm. In modern times, the pain stimulus is still used in some animal training, and is permitted in many fields, including most equestrianism disciplines, some of which mandate carrying a whip. The whip can be a vital tool to back up riding aids when applied correctly, particularly when initial commands are ignored. However, many competition governing bodies limit

3286-421: The use of whips between consenting partners. Misuse on animals may be considered animal cruelty , and misuse on humans may be viewed as assault . Whips are generally used on animals to provide directional guidance or to encourage movement. Some whips are designed to control animals by imparting discomfort by tapping or pain by a full-force strike that produces pain compliance . Some whips provide guidance by

3348-439: The use of whips, and severe penalties may be in place for over-use of the whip, including disqualification and fines. Improper overuse of whips may be considered animal cruelty in some jurisdictions. Whip use by sound never or rarely strikes the animal; instead, a long, flexible whip is cracked to produce a very sharp, loud sound. This usage also functions as a form of operant conditioning : most animals will flinch away from

3410-485: The various capabilities of whips shown in the film Raiders of the Lost Ark during "The Busters of the Lost Myths" episode. With exact trained usage, the show demonstrated that it is possible to disarm a pistol-wielding opponent with a long whip strike. The episode also demonstrates that a wood log, with sufficient friction, could be used as an overhang to grapple with a whip, swing across a chasm and neatly disengage. Using

3472-441: The vehicles that are used are four-wheel drive (4WD) "paddock-bashers", which are often old unregistered utilities. These vehicles may also be modified by removing the top and fitting roll and bull bars for bull or buffalo catching. Some stations are now making changes for the employment of women by building female living quarters and installing hydraulic cattle crushes etc. Transportable steel yards are now often carried on

3534-539: The weapon body at regular intervals to reduce the contact surface and enhance the striking effect. The whip is stiff and does not bend. It weighs 7 or 8 kilograms . The weapon is used mainly on horseback with one hand, sometimes with two whips in both hands. The chain whip , also known as the soft whip , is a weapon used in some Chinese martial arts , particularly traditional Chinese disciplines , in addition to modern and traditional wushu . It consists of several metal rods, which are joined end-to-end by rings to form

3596-401: Was 2.4 to 3.0 metres (8 to 10 ft) long, or more, and often made of greenhide. A long handle was cut from spotted gum or another native tree and was frequently taller than the bullock driver's shoulder. The bullocky walked beside the team and kept the bullocks moving with taps from the long handle as well as using the thong as needed. The Rose whip is another variation of the stockwhip that

3658-573: Was a hunting whip. In Victorian literature cads and bounders are depicted as being horsewhipped or threatened with horsewhipping for seduction of young women or breach of promise (to marry) , usually by her brothers or father . Examples are found in the works of Benjamin Disraeli and Anthony Trollope who includes such a scene in Doctor Thorne . It is also mentioned, though not depicted, in comic novels by Evelyn Waugh and P.G. Wodehouse . As late as

3720-543: Was pioneered in Canada in the early 19th century, though it largely fell out of use by the 1880s. The Rose whips were effective in animal yards and other small areas. It was pioneered by an American farmer, Jack Liao . The Raman whip is a similar variation of the stockwhip which closely relates to the Rose whip. This variation was pioneered in the small Ontario city of Hamilton in the early 20th century, though it largely fell out of use by

3782-467: Was shown internationally when lone rider Steve Jefferys reared his Australian Stock Horse and cracked the stockwhip to commence the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games Opening Ceremony . A bullwhip consists of a handle between 20 and 30 cm (8 and 12 in) in length, and a lash composed of a braided thong between 1 and 6 metres (3 and 20 ft) long. Some whips have an exposed wooden grip, others have an intricately braided leather covered handle. Unlike

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3844-471: Was to become the source of three movies, one in 1920, and another in 1982 to be followed by a sequel. A TV series followed called Banjo Paterson's The Man from Snowy River . In 2002 the story was shown as live musical theatre called The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular . The inspiration for this musical performance came from the Opening Ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, when

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