A television station is a set of equipment managed by a business, organisation or other entity such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that transmits video content and audio content via radio waves directly from a transmitter on the earth's surface to any number of tuned receivers simultaneously.
62-588: WFOX-TV (channel 30) is a television station in Jacksonville, Florida , United States, affiliated with Fox and Telemundo . It is owned by Cox Media Group , which provides certain services to CBS affiliate WJAX-TV (channel 47) under a joint sales agreement (JSA) with Hoffman Communications. The three stations share studios on Central Parkway; WFOX-TV's transmitter is located on Hogan Road, both in Jacksonville's Southside section. The station first signed on
124-542: A barter in some cases. Disney%27s One Too Disney's One Too (later known as Disney's Animation Weekdays ) was an American two-hour Sunday-to-Friday children's programming block that aired on UPN (and sometimes in syndication ) from September 6, 1999 to August 31, 2003. A spin-off of the Disney's One Saturday Morning block on ABC (which is owned by The Walt Disney Company ), it featured animated series from Disney Television Animation aimed at children between
186-457: A local marketing agreement ; the two stations pooled programming and resources, while running the strongest syndicated programs on WAWS. Clear Channel purchased channel 47, which by that point had become UPN affiliate WTEV-TV, outright in 2000, creating the second television duopoly in the Jacksonville market. After WTEV took the CBS affiliation from longtime affiliate WJXT (channel 4), which dropped
248-522: A competitor block to ABC's existing children's block Disney's One Saturday Morning . The block premiered on September 6, 1999, replacing UPN Kids, which ended its run the day before (on September 5) after four years. Compared to the format of One Saturday Morning , One Too varied in that, instead of incorporating hosted segments, short segment gags from the series featured in the block (such as DIC's Sabrina: The Animated Series , Doug (bought from Nickelodeon) and Recess , all of which – alongside
310-486: A dispute between Disney and UPN over how the block would be branded and the amount of E/I programming that Disney would provide for the block; UPN then entered into discussions with then-corporate sister Nickelodeon (both networks were owned by Viacom ) to produce a new block. That February, UPN entered into an agreement with Saban Entertainment (then a subsidiary of Fox Family Worldwide , which Disney later acquired in 2001) – which distributed two series recently aired on
372-477: A few other series – were originally aired on One Saturday Morning ) were actually shown, often preceding the start of each program, and after commercial breaks. The block also featured an alternate opening sequence, using more futuristic buildings and a theme similar to that used on One Saturday Morning . Many series previously aired on One Too continued in reruns on two Disney-branded cable television networks, Toon Disney and Disney Channel . In September 2002,
434-543: A general entertainment format consisting of cartoons , movies , sitcoms and drama series . WAWS became a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when the network launched on October 9, 1986. As was the case with other Fox stations during the network's early years, channel 30 continued to program itself in the manner of an independent station as Fox's initial schedule consisted of an hour of late night programming on Monday through Friday evenings, while
496-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in
558-491: A new "fifth" broadcast television network, The CW, that would initially feature a mix of higher-rated programming from both of its forerunner networks (and assumed the scheduling model and most programming operations of The WB) as well as new content developed specifically for The CW. On February 22, 2006, News Corporation announced the launch of MyNetworkTV, a new "sixth" broadcast network operated by Fox Television Stations and its syndication division Twentieth Television that
620-514: A new logo and graphics package by Hothaus Creative (and originally created for fellow Fox affiliate KSWB-TV in San Diego in 2008 for its relaunch of its in-house newscasts) based on the standardized look of Fox's owned-and-operated stations. On May 28, 2014, Cox Media Group management fired five WAWS/WTEV anchors—weeknight anchors Mark Spain, Tera Barz (who anchored the station's 10 p.m. newscast) and Paige Kelton (the latter of whom had been with
682-542: A request made to the agency on July 30. In an email to The Florida Times-Union , general manager Jim Zerwekh stated that the change would better reflect the station's status as one of Fox's ten strongest affiliates. The use of the callsign differs from other stations that incorporate their network partner's name into their call letters—a usage originated by the coastal flagship owned-and-operated stations of ABC, NBC and CBS based in New York City and Los Angeles . However,
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#1732844639018744-456: A time-lease agreement with Discovery Kids . In the years since the block was discontinued, all other major broadcast networks, including UPN successor The CW (sister of Big Three Network CBS ), would gradually abandon children's programming by selling their respective children's blocks to Litton Entertainment , who produces primarily unscripted E/I content targeted nominally at teenagers (but having an older demographic overall by ratings), or in
806-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations
868-569: A way to compete with the First Coast News operation of rivals WTLV and WJXX. With the overhaul came the introduction of new sets (with WAWS maintaining a separate set for its nightly 10 p.m. newscast), on-air graphics, weather center and website. On January 31, 2010, WTEV/WAWS became the second television news operation in the Jacksonville market to begin broadcasting their local newscasts in high definition (after WJXT, which upgraded on January 14, 2009; WTLV/WJXX upgraded their newscasts to HD
930-501: A weekend meteorologist . In the late 2000s, WTEV's weekday morning newscast began to be simulcast on WAWS. Corresponding with the change, Action News This Morning was expanded to two hours (from 5 to 7 a.m.), with a two-hour extension of the program (from 7 to 9 a.m.) eventually being added on WAWS. On April 13, 2009, WTEV and WAWS began utilizing a single on-air identity for their respective newscasts, branding their news programming collectively as Action News , presumably done as
992-496: Is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,
1054-470: Is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as a TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around
1116-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually
1178-543: The National Weather Service Forecast Office near Jacksonville International Airport . In 1991, then-ABC affiliate WJKS (now WCWJ) entered into a news share agreement with WAWS to produce a nightly prime time newscast at 10 p.m., titled Fox 30 First Coast News (not to be confused with the present day First Coast News operation shared between WTLV and WJXX). Shortly before WJKS announced that it would shut down its news department in preparation for
1240-616: The One Too branding was discontinued (due to Disney's One Saturday Morning replacing with ABC Kids ); although the UPN block wasn't rebranded (with bumpers and promos simply being created for each individual show). However, the Disney.com website referred to it under the title Disney's Animation Weekdays as a result of the rebranding of the ABC block from One Saturday Morning to ABC Kids . The block aired for
1302-605: The San Antonio -based Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia ), which had earlier purchased the first independent station in the nearby Pensacola – Mobile, Alabama market , WPMI-TV (now an NBC affiliate) and was the first television station that Clear Channel ever owned. As was the trend for many Fox affiliates throughout the mid to late 1990s, WAWS began shifting its programming toward talk and reality shows and decreased its reliance on classic sitcoms. In 1995, Clear Channel began managing channel 47—later to become WNFT—under
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#17328446390181364-521: The Sinclair Broadcast Group and Cunningham Broadcasting . This arrangement also placed WAWS in the unusual position of being the senior partner as a Fox-affiliated station in a virtual duopoly with a CBS affiliate (the Fox station normally serves as the junior partner in most virtual or legal duopolies involving a Fox affiliate and a Big Three-affiliated station). WAWS is the only television station in
1426-518: The UPN Kids block around that time, Sweet Valley High and Breaker High – to program the Sunday-to-Friday block. In March 1998, UPN resumed discussions with Disney and the following month, The Walt Disney Company and UPN came to an agreement to provide Disney-produced programs on the network on weekdays (from 7:00am - 9:00am or 3:00pm – 5:00pm) and Sunday (from 9:00am – 11:00am). The block
1488-516: The Variety Television Network ( MeTV since 2011) airing at all other times. On April 20, 2007, Clear Channel entered into an agreement to sell its television stations to Newport Television , a newly formed television station group controlled by private equity firm Providence Equity Partners . Since WTEV was also included in the deal, this would have violated FCC rules preventing a single company from holding common ownership of two of
1550-405: The broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires a station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station
1612-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has
1674-451: The 2006 launch of Qubo , as a 24/7 network, it was pulled off the air in 2021 due to Ion's acquisition with Scripps). UPN was not the first "big six" network to pull children's programming: NBC became the first to remove children's series entirely in August 1992, when the network launched a live-action block for teenagers called TNBC ; children's programming returned to NBC in 2002, through
1736-484: The Cox Media Group name. The sale was completed on December 17, 2019. WFOX-TV presently broadcasts 50 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with eight hours each weekday and five hours each on Saturdays and Sundays); in addition, the station produces the half-hour sports highlight program Action Sports Jax Primetime , which airs weekend evenings at 10:30 p.m. The stations utilize Doppler radar data from
1798-496: The Jacksonville area affiliate of MyNetworkTV, which it would carry on a new second digital subchannel. However, until the new second digital subchannel launched, WAWS carried MyNetworkTV programming on its main channel weeknights from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. in the interim. MyNetworkTV programming moved to WAWS-DT2 once the subchannel signed on in January 2007, airing in the recommended 8 to 10 p.m. time slot, with programming from
1860-785: The Jacksonville market that has never changed its primary network affiliation. On July 19, 2012, Newport Television announced the sale of WAWS and WTEV-TV to the Cox Media Group , in a four-station deal that also involved the sister duopoly of Fox affiliate KOKI-TV and MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYT-TV in Tulsa, Oklahoma . The sale to Cox placed WAWS and WTEV under common ownership with the company's radio station cluster in Jacksonville (WOKV ( 690 AM and 106.5 FM, now WHJX ), WFYV-FM (104.5, now WOKV-FM ), WJGL (96.9), WXXJ (102.9, now WEZI ) and WAPE-FM (95.1)) as well as Cox's Orlando duopoly of ABC affiliate WFTV and independent station WRDQ . Due to
1922-627: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in
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1984-776: The WFOX calls were not used by Fox for its O&O in New York City, which bears the calls WNYW , partly derived from the former WNEW callsign it had prior to former parent Metromedia 's 1986 purchase by the network's original parent company News Corporation. A similar situation exists with KFOX-TV in El Paso, Texas , which Cox owned from 1996 to 2013 (now owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group), and had adopted those calls in 1994 as they were not already used by Fox's Los Angeles O&O, which uses its legacy KTTV callsign. Concurrently with
2046-403: The ages of 6 and 11. In January 1998, UPN began discussions with The Walt Disney Company (owner of rival network ABC ) to have the company program a daily two-hour children's block for the network, airing on weekdays (during the morning or afternoon hours) and Sunday mornings. Attempts to reach a time-lease agreement deal with Disney were called off one week after negotiations started due to
2108-492: The air on February 15, 1981, as WAWS-TV (the "-TV" suffix was dropped from the call letters on October 8, 1981). Named for Ashley Wellhouse Stein, granddaughter of founding part-owner Martin Stein, it was the first general-entertainment independent station to sign-on in the Jacksonville market. It signed on more than a year after the market's first non-network station, WXAO-TV (channel 47, later future sister station WJAX). However, WXAO
2170-484: The change to WFOX-TV, sister station WTEV-TV was renamed WJAX-TV. The change took effect on September 7, 2014. In February 2019, it was announced that Apollo Global Management would acquire Cox Media Group and Northwest Broadcasting 's stations. Although the group planned to operate under the name Terrier Media, it was later announced in June 2019 that Apollo would also acquire Cox's radio and advertising businesses, and retain
2232-481: The day after WAWS/WTEV's conversion to high definition newscasts). In 2010, WAWS/WTEV began airing a half-hour extension of its weekday morning newscast for channel 30 at 4:30 a.m. (WTEV continues to start its morning newscast at 5 a.m. as it carries the CBS Morning News in the 4:30 slot on a half-hour tape delay ). On September 19, 2010, WAWS restored its "Fox 30" brand for its news programming, adopting
2294-762: The duopoly's newsroom in order to distinguish the two outlets and retain separate on-air identities. WAWS would eventually cancel the 4 p.m. newscast in 2007. The stations hired Mark Spain (who previously served as 7 p.m. anchor on WJXX), who joined WAWS/WTEV as anchor of channel 30's 10 p.m. newscast on August 27, 2007. Ironically, the station also hired First Coast News weekday morning traffic reporter Michelle Jacobs just weeks earlier (she would eventually return to WTLV and WJXX in October 2008). Shortly after she left, WAWS hired Julie Watkins (who previously worked at First Coast News before moving on to WFTV in Orlando) as
2356-711: The first half-hour is a simulcast of WJAX's existing 6 p.m. newscast, while the second half-hour (during which time WJAX airs the CBS Evening News ) is exclusive to WFOX. The station's signal is multiplexed : On June 12, 2009, WFOX-TV (as WAWS) terminated its analog signal, on UHF channel 30, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television . The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 32, using virtual channel 30. Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany ,
2418-473: The five anchors. On September 27, 2014, WFOX-TV expanded Action News This Morning to weekends with a three-hour Saturday broadcast from 6 to 9 a.m., and a two-hour Sunday broadcast from 6 to 8 a.m. Unlike the 5 to 7 a.m. portion of the weekday morning edition of the program, the weekend morning newscast is not simulcast on WJAX-TV. On January 11, 2016, WFOX premiered an hour-long early evening newscast at 6 p.m. on Monday through Friday nights;
2480-469: The four highest-rated stations in a single market as Clear Channel had bought WTEV when it was a UPN affiliate that had lower ratings which placed it outside of the commission's total-day ratings criteria for duopolies (by this point, WTEV surpassed WJXT and WCWJ in the total-day viewership ). As a result, the FCC granted Newport Television a temporary waiver to acquire WAWS and WTEV, provided that Newport sell one of
2542-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of
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2604-567: The last time on August 31, 2003, with the time periods being turned over to UPN's affiliates; this left UPN as the only "big six" broadcast television network with no children's programming (and for the rest of its existence through its 2006 shutdown, never again would UPN air any children's programming), and one of only two major commercial broadcast networks that did not air a children's programming block (the other being Pax TV , which discontinued its Pax Kids lineup in 2000, before returning children's programming as I: Independent Television through
2666-452: The later addition of a prime time schedule in April 1987 only consisted of programming during that time period on weekends (Fox would not carry a full seven nights a week of programming until September 1993). Until Fox began airing programming on a nightly basis, WAWS aired a feature film at 8 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. In 1989, Malrite sold the station to
2728-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at
2790-498: The loss of its ABC affiliation to WJXX, Clear Channel decided to invest in a news department for WAWS. The WJKS-produced newscast ended when that station's news department shut down on December 29, 1996; WAWS launched its own in-house news department the following day on December 30, 1996, with the debut of a half-hour nightly 10 p.m. newscast, which was also accompanied by a half-hour 11 p.m. newscast on weeknights (the latter broadcast would eventually be moved to 10:30, expanding
2852-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on
2914-441: The network after it demanded that Post-Newsweek Stations reverse compensate CBS to carry its programming and run the entire network schedule in pattern—only allowing preemptions for extended local breaking news and severe weather coverage, WAWS took over the local rights to the UPN affiliation on July 15, 2002, airing the network's evening programming on a secondary basis each weeknight from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. following
2976-405: The news department since it launched, originally serving as anchor of WAWS's 10 and 11 p.m. newscasts), and morning anchors Lynnsey Gardner and Mike Barz—in a restructuring of its news staff; all five anchors left the stations on or around September 1. The layoffs drew criticism from Jacksonville city council president Bill Guilford stating that Cox Media Group "exercised bad judgment" in cutting
3038-719: The newscasts on both stations; channel 47 also substantially expanded its local news programming, adding a full slate newscasts at 5:30 a.m. (effectively "moving" over to that station from WAWS, which replaced the program with religious programming and children's programming from the Disney's One Too block upon its simultaneous assumption of UPN programming), noon, 5, 5:30, 6 and 11 p.m. on Monday through Fridays, along with weekend evening newscasts. Initially, both stations maintained certain primary personnel (such as news anchors) that would only appear on either WAWS or WTEV. In addition, newscasts used separate on-air branding and graphics packages, with WTEV's newscasts being conducted from
3100-534: The only television markets in the United States where all six major broadcast networks at the time (ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, UPN and The WB ) collectively held affiliations with only five stations in a six-station market (which remains the case with UPN and The WB's successors The CW and MyNetworkTV in the present day) and the only market in which each of the Big Four network affiliates are controlled by two companies (at
3162-494: The prime time newscast to one hour). Over the next few years, more newscasts would be added: a 3½-hour weekday morning newscast (in 1999) and an hour-long 4 p.m. newscast on weekdays (in 2001); WAWS also began producing a weeknight 6:30 p.m. newscast for sister station WTEV in 1999. After WTEV switched from UPN to CBS in July 2002, that station began managing the shared news department with WAWS and took over primary production of
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#17328446390183224-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be
3286-403: The station's prime time newscast, as well as its children's program block Disney's One Too , which it aired on Sunday through Friday mornings in addition to its existing carriage of Fox's competing children's block, FoxBox (later known as 4Kids TV ), on Saturdays. It also acquired several syndicated sitcoms that WTEV no longer had room to carry on its schedule. The shift made Jacksonville one of
3348-515: The time, the Gannett Company owned NBC affiliate WTLV (channel 12) and ABC affiliate WJXX (channel 25), both of which are now owned by its broadcasting and digital media spin-off Tegna Inc. ). On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that the two companies would respectively shut down UPN and The WB, and enter into a joint venture to form
3410-453: The two stations within six months of the sale's consummation. After the group deal closed on March 14, 2008, Newport had originally planned to sell off WAWS to another company while keeping WTEV. On May 21, 2008, High Plains Broadcasting agreed to purchase the license assets of WTEV and six other stations from Newport Television due to ownership conflicts in the affected markets (including Jacksonville). However, since this particular transaction
3472-500: The very same rules that forced the license of WTEV to be transferred to a separate licensee back in 2008, Cox acquired WAWS outright and transferred WTEV's license assets to Bayshore Television, LLC, which then entered into a joint sales agreement with Cox. The FCC approved the transaction on October 24, and the three companies involved finalized the deal on December 3. On August 26, 2014, Cox announced its intention to change WAWS' call letters to WFOX-TV, contingent on FCC approval, through
3534-399: The world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines
3596-561: Was conducted as a sale in name only, Newport continued to operate the stations under a shared services agreement (therefore, resulting in WTEV remaining a sister outlet to WAWS) after the sale was completed on September 15. It effectively made High Plains Broadcasting a front company or " shell corporation " for Newport Television, similar to the existing relationships between the Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Mission Broadcasting and
3658-461: Was created to compete against The CW, as well as to give UPN- and WB-affiliated stations that were not named as charter CW affiliates another option besides converting into independent stations. On March 28 of that year, then-owner Media General announced that WB affiliate WJWB (channel 17) would become the market's charter affiliate of The CW (it would later change its call letters to WCWJ ). On July 12, Clear Channel confirmed that WAWS would become
3720-620: Was mostly a religious station. The station's original studios and transmitter facilities were located on Hogan Road on Jacksonville's Southside, part of the Killarney Shores antenna farm. WAWS-TV was originally owned by Crown Broadcasting; shortly before it signed on, the station was sold to Malrite Communications , owner of ABC affiliate WCTI in New Bern, North Carolina , and independent station WUHF in Rochester, New York . WAWS-TV maintained
3782-493: Was originally announced under the working title " Whomptastic ", though the name was changed before the launch of the block for greater brand identity (incidentally, "whomp" was used as a pejorative term in the Disney-produced animated series Recess , one of the series that would end up part of the new block, as a substitute for "sucks"). The new lineup was later renamed Disney's One Too in July 1999, formatted to serve as
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#17328446390183844-674: Was the first regular television service in the world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to a station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content
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