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40-474: [REDACTED] Look up wcs in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. WCS may refer to: Computing and technology [ edit ] Warehouse control system , a software application Web Coverage Service , interface standard for digital geospatial information WebSphere Commerce Suite, a software platform framework for e-commerce Windows Color System ,

80-464: A freight forwarder or a storage depot/warehouse. A "combined bill of lading" may be issued by a carrier who, say, collects goods from a factory for subsequent delivery to a ship via multi-modal transport . The principal use of the bill of lading is as a receipt issued by the carrier once the goods have been loaded onto the vessel. This receipt can be used as proof of shipment for customs and insurance purposes, and also as commercial proof of completing

120-509: A contractual obligation, especially under INCOTERMS such as CFR (cost and freight) and FOB (free on board) . Although the Hague-Visby Rules provide that a bill of lading is only prima facie evidence of receipt, the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 s.4 declares a BoL "conclusive evidence of receipt". The bill of lading from the carrier to the shipper can be used as evidence of

160-399: A demise charterer). If the exporter (the shipper) is shipping a small amount of cargo, he will arrange for a carrier to carry the goods for him, using a bill of lading. If the exporter needs the whole (or a very substantial part) of the ship's cargo capacity, the exporter may need to charter the vessel, and he will enter into a charterparty agreement with the shipowner. If the charter party is

200-412: A mortgage, charge or hypothec), or even stolen, the bill of lading will not grant full title to the holder. Bills of lading may take various forms, such as on-board and received-for-shipment. A charterparty is the contract governing the relationship between the shipowner and the charterer. The bill of lading governs the relationship between the shipper and the carrier (who will be either a shipowner or

240-447: A much smoother flow of trade, and has allowed shipping lines to move towards electronic data interchange which may greatly ease the flow of global trade. For some time, it has been the case that the cargo may arrive at the destination before the bill of lading; and a practice has arisen for the shipper (having sent the bill of lading to the banks for checking) to send to the consignee a letter of indemnity (LOI) which can be presented to

280-458: A multi-tier control architecture in which each level in the control hierarchy has a defined role. The upper most level of the control hierarchy is the warehouse management system (WMS), or host. This system handles the business aspects of the system such as receiving customer orders, allocating inventory, and generating shipping manifests or bills of lading ) and invoices based on order fulfillment information and shipping information received from

320-512: A policy and an invoice are assignable . In international trade outside the United States, bills of lading are distinct from waybills in that the latter are not transferable and do not confer title. Nevertheless, the UK Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 grants "all rights of suit under the contract of carriage" to the lawful holder of a bill of lading, or to the consignee under a sea waybill or

360-428: A receipt to the shipper in the absence of the owners. In Glyn Mills & Co. v. East and West India Dock Co (1882), which concerned the presentation of a series of bills of lading, the decision also encompassed any document which "by mercantile law and usage ... is a symbol of the right of property in the goods". Although the term "bill of lading" is well known and well understood, the proposed Rotterdam Rules use

400-413: A sea waybill.) The main difference between these two documents is that the waybill gives the bearer the right to possession of the cargo, but does not confer title in the goods. As a result, there is no need for the physical document to be presented for the goods to be released. The carrier will automatically release the goods to the consignee once the import formalities have been completed. This results in

440-399: A ship's delivery order. A bill of lading must be transferable, and serves three main functions: Typical export transactions use Incoterms terms such as CIF , FOB or FAS , requiring the exporter/shipper to deliver the goods to the ship, whether onboard or alongside. Nevertheless, the loading itself will usually be done by the carrier or by a third party stevedore . A bill of lading

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480-997: A software color management technology in Windows Vista and onwards Writeable Control Store, memory used to load the operating system of the Amiga 1000 Education [ edit ] Wayne Community School District , or Wayne Community Schools, in Iowa, U.S. Whitinsville Christian School , in Whitinsville, Massachusetts, U.S. Wichita Collegiate School , in Wichita, Kansas, U.S. Wilcox County School District (Georgia) , U.S. Williamson County Schools , in Tennessee, U.S. Wycliffe Christian School , in Warrimoo, New South Wales, Australia Other uses [ edit ] Waste collection system ,

520-418: A time or voyage charterparty, the shipowner will still have control of the ship and its crew. If there is a demise (or "bareboat") charterparty, the charterer will effectively have a long lease and will have full control of the vessel. When the master (captain) issues a B/L to a shipper, he will be acting as an agent for the carrier, who will be either the shipowner (time or voyage) or the charterer (demise). In

560-431: A time-charterparty or voyage-charterparty, if the charterer is shipping his own cargo (rather than the cargo of a third party) he will receive a bill of lading from the master, acting as agent of the shipowner; but that B/L will serve solely as a receipt and document of title, and its terms will (subject to contrary intent) be secondary to the terms of the charterparty, which remains the dominant contract. Under Art. III of

600-575: Is a standard-form document which is transferable by endorsement (or by lawful transfer of possession). Most shipments by sea are covered by the Hague Rules , the Hague-Visby Rules or the Hamburg Rules , which require the carrier to issue the shipper a bill of lading identifying the nature, quantity, quality and leading marks (identification marks and numbers) of the goods. In the United Kingdom , in

640-513: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Warehouse control system Each major function is designed to work as part of an integrated process to effectively link the host systems with the lower level control system, while relieving the Host from the real-time requirements such as operator screens and lower level equipment control interfaces. The typical warehouse/distribution center consists of

680-489: The Hague-Visby Rules, a carrier must, on demand, provide the shipper with a bill of lading; but if the shipper agrees, a lesser document such as a " sea waybill " may be issued instead. In recent years, the use of bills of lading has declined, and they have tended to be replaced with the sea waybill. (If a so-called bill of lading is declared to be "non-negotiable", then it is not a true B/L, and instead will be treated as

720-554: The Old English word hladan . "Lading" specifically refers to the loading of cargo aboard a ship. The Dutch word "lading" has exactly the same meaning (freight, cargo, an amount of transportable goods) as it has in the English "bill of lading", but is not restricted to shipping. Under English law, the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 provides that the term "bill of lading" includes a "received-for-shipment" bill of lading issued by, say,

760-460: The Rules will be automatically annexed to the bill of lading, thus forming a statutory contract. The bill of lading is not a contract of carriage as it is only signed by the carrier. Yet, it acts as evidence of contract due to the activities taken place between the shipper and the consignee. When the bill of lading is used as a document of title, it is particularly related to the case of the buyer. When

800-635: The WCS determines the most efficient routing of the product and transmits directives to the equipment controllers to achieve the desired result. At the lowest level, closest to the physical equipment, are the equipment controller(s). These controllers are typically some form of a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a dedicated, real-time PC control system. They interface to peripheral Input/Output (I/O) devices such as photo-eyes scanners, motors, etc. as well as data collection devices such as bar code scanners ( barcode reader ) and weigh scales and are responsible for

840-412: The bill of lading to the seller. In this case, the bill of lading is used as evidence of contract of carriage between seller and carrier. However, when the bill of lading is negotiated to a bona fide third party then the bill of lading becomes conclusive evidence where no contradictory evidence can be introduced. It is because the third party cannot examine the actual shipment and can only pay attention to

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880-470: The buyer is entitled to receive goods from the carrier, the bill of lading in this case performs as a document of title for the goods. In simple words, the function of BL as a document of title shows who owns the cargo. Whoever has the duly endorsed BL is the rightful owner of the cargo described in the BL. Carrier becomes responsible before the law if they issue cargo to a party who is not the authorised person to claim

920-438: The carrier in exchange for the cargo. The LOI indemnifies the carrier against any cargo claim, but the document is not transferable and has no established legal status. For letter of credit and documentary collection transactions, it is important to retain title to the goods until the transaction is complete. This means that the bill of lading still remains a vital document within international trade. Alternatively, to overcome

960-467: The case of Coventry v Gladstone (1867), Lord Justice Blackburn defined a bill of lading as "A writing signed on behalf of the owner of ship in which goods are embarked, acknowledging the receipt of the Goods, and undertaking to deliver them at the end of the voyage, subject to such conditions as may be mentioned in the bill of lading." Therefore, it can be stated that the bill of lading was introduced to provide

1000-406: The contract of carriage and as a document of title. The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records enables the issuance of bills of lading in electronic form that are functionally equivalent to paper-based ones. As a result, electronic bills of lading may be issued in the jurisdictions that have enacted that Model Law. These are Singapore and Bahrain. Besides that, German law allows

1040-427: The contract of carriage by the fact that the carrier has received the goods and upon the receipt, the carrier would deliver the goods. In this case, the bill of lading would be used as evidence of contract of carriage. In this case, the bill of lading can be used if the shipper does not properly ship the goods then the shipper cannot receive the bill of lading from the carrier. Eventually, the shipper would have to deliver

1080-600: The distribution center reflects the organizational structure of their human counterparts. The management staff (or the WMS) determines the workload to be accomplished for the day while the supervisory staff (WCS) oversees the real-time activities of the warehouse associates (equipment controllers) to complete the daily activities. Each warehouse associate is assigned a specific task based on their area of expertise (order selection – carousel/Pick To Light, transportation - conveyors, etc.). As each operator completes their individual assignment,

1120-411: The document itself, not survey or examination of the shipment itself. However, the bill of lading will rarely be the contract itself, since the cargo space will have been booked previously, perhaps by telephone, email or letter. The preliminary contract will be acknowledged by both the shipper and carrier to incorporate the carrier's standard terms of business. If the Hague-Visby Rules apply, then all of

1160-406: The focal point for managing the operational aspects of the material handling system, the WCS provides the critical link between the non-real time based host and the real-time MHE control system. It receives information from the upper level Host and coordinates the various real-time control devices (conveyors, print and apply applicators, etc.) to accomplish the daily workload. At each decision point,

1200-422: The goods under this function. Further, if the BL is a "Seaway BL" document of title function will not be applicable. Simply, the bill of lading confers prima facie title over the goods to the named consignee or lawful holder. Under the " nemo dat quod non habet" rule ("no one gives what he doesn't have"), a seller cannot pass better title than he himself has; so if the goods are subject to an encumbrance (such as

1240-437: The industry has sought a solution to the difficulties, costs and inefficiencies associated with paper bills of lading. One answer is to make the bill an electronic document. An electronic bill of lading (or eB/L) is the legal and functional equivalent of a paper bill of lading. An electronic bill of lading must replicate the core functions of a paper bill of lading, namely its functions as a receipt, as evidence of or containing

WCS - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-460: The material handling control system (WCS). It typically interacts with the material handling system on a non-real-time basis. Coordinating the activities of the various material handling sub-systems is the role of the warehouse control system (WCS). The WCS directs the "real-time" data management and interface responsibilities of the material handling system as well as provides common user interface screens for monitoring, control, and diagnostics. As

1320-477: The medieval world. The growth of mercantilism (which produced other financial innovations such as the charterparty or carta partita , the bill of exchange and the insurance policy ) produced a requirement for a title document that could be traded in much the same way as the goods themselves. It was this new avenue of trade that produced the bill of lading in much the same format as currently used. The word "lading" means "loading", both words being derived from

1360-425: The physical operation of the material handling equipment. The equipment controllers are also responsible for the physical handling of product and tracking it from point-to-point based on the direction from the upper level control systems. Typically a single controller is only concerned with the operations of a defined area or sub-system of the overall material handling system. Ultimately, the control hierarchy within

1400-474: The possibility of the goods reaching the destination ahead of the cargo, majority of the Shipping Lines offer an “Express release” service (formerly known as “Telex release”). By surrendering the full set of bills of lading issues at the port of loading, the shipping line can instruct the port of discharge to release the cargo without the physical presentation of bills of lading at destination. For many years,

1440-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title WCS . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WCS&oldid=1080054513 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1480-987: The space toilet on the Space Shuttle Waste Control Specialists , a nuclear waste disposal company West Coast Swing , a swing dance Western Canadian Select , a heavy crude oil stream in North America Wildlife Conservation Society , a US-based international wildlife organisation Williams–Campbell syndrome , a disease of the airways Wireless Communications Service , a US and Canadian set of frequency bands World Cosplay Summit , an annual international cosplay event StarCraft II World Championship Series , esports competition for StarCraft II See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "wcs" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with WCS All pages with titles containing WCS WC (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

1520-454: The supervisor (WCS) assigns the next task based on the current workload. As orders are completed, the (WCS) supervisor reports back to (WMS) management the status of the orders along with any pertinent order information. Bill of lading A bill of lading ( / ˈ l eɪ d ɪ ŋ / ) (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL ) is a document issued by a carrier (or their agent ) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment . Although

1560-419: The term "transport documents", of which bills of lading and seaway bills are examples. While there is evidence of the existence of receipts for goods loaded aboard merchant vessels stretching back as far as Roman times. The practice of recording cargo aboard ship in the ship's log is almost as long-lived as shipping itself, the modern bill of lading only came into use with the growth of international trade in

1600-412: The term is historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may today be used for any type of carriage of goods. Bills of lading are one of three crucial documents used in international trade to ensure that exporters receive payment and importers receive the merchandise. The other two documents are a policy of insurance and an invoice . Whereas a bill of lading is negotiable, both

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