72-544: The Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board (MPESB), previously the Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board and commonly known as Vyapam (an abbreviation of its Hindi name Madhya Pradesh Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal ), is a government agency of Madhya Pradesh , India. It conducts various tests for admission to professional courses and streams. It is the largest examination conducting body of Madhya Pradesh government and comes directly under
144-643: A chief commissioner appointed by the Governor-General. Major reforms put forward by the British in the 1930s also recognized the principle of federalism , which was carried forward into the governance of independent India. On 15 August 1947, British India was granted independence as the separate dominions of India and Pakistan . The British dissolved their treaty relations with more than five hundred princely states, who were encouraged to accede to either India or Pakistan, while under no compulsion to do so. Most of
216-425: A class of territories: In these classifications, Part A states had a Governor , Part B states had a Rajpramukh and Part C states had a commissioner . The demand for states to be organized on a linguistic basis was developed even before India achieved independence from British rule. A first-of-its-kind linguistic movement started in 1895, in what is now Odisha . The movement gained momentum in later years with
288-469: A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , remained separate states. The Government of India Act 1935 remained the constitutional law of India pending adoption of a new Constitution. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states and
360-492: A higher rainfall whereas the parts of the north-west receive less. Jabalpur, Mandla, Balaghat, Sidhi, and other extreme eastern parts receive more than 150 cm of rainfall. The districts of western Madhya Pradesh receive less than 80 cm of rainfall. The winter season starts in November. The temperature remains low in the northern parts of the state in comparison to the southern parts. The daily maximum temperature in most of
432-518: A major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. The Maratha Empire dominated the majority of the 18th century. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War in the 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and
504-546: A massive admission and recruitment scam involving politicians, senior officials and businessmen. After the scam was unearthed, 2,000 people were arrested, including the state's former education minister, Laxmikant Sharma, and Vyapam exam controller Pankaj Trivedi. The Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board was initially established as the Pre Medical Test Board in 1970. In 1981, the Pre Engineering Board
576-452: A report on 30 September 1955, with recommendations for the reorganisation of India's states, which was then debated by the Indian parliament. Subsequently, bills were passed to make changes to the constitution and to administer the reorganisation of the states. The States Reorganisation Act was enacted on 31 August 1956. Before it came into effect on 1 November, an important amendment was made to
648-1000: Is divided into 55 districts for administrative purposes. The district is the main unit of administration. These districts are arranged in 10 divisions, listed below: The population of Madhya Pradesh consists of a number of ethnic groups and tribes , castes and communities. The scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes constitute a significant portion of the population of the State 15.6% and 21.1% respectively. The main tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh are Gond , Bhil , Baiga , Korku , Bhadia (or Bhariya), Halba, Kaul , Mariya , Malto and Sahariya . Mandla , Dhar , Dindori , Barwani , Jhabua and Alirajpur districts have more than 50% tribal population, with Jhabua and Alirajpur having nearly 90% tribal population. In Khargone , Khandwa , Burhanpur , Betul , Chhindwara , Seoni , Anuppur , Umaria , Shahdol and Singrauli districts 30–50% of
720-508: Is home to the largest number of Marathis outside Maharashtra. Although large numbers of Marathis can be found in urban centres like Indore, the highest concentrations are in the southern areas of the state adjoining Maharashtra. Marathi is the most-spoken language in Burhanpur district, while it is a major minority language in the southern parts of Mahakoshal especially Betul, Chhindwara and Balaghat districts. There are several languages spoken by
792-968: Is mainly practised by Marathis in the south. Most respondents who answered 'Other' self-identified as following Adivasi religions such as Koya Punem of the Gonds. Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO : the Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) including Devi Jagadambi temple , Khajuraho , Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003). Other architecturally significant or scenic sites include Ajaigarh , Amarkantak , Asirgarh , Bandhavgarh , Bawangaja , Bhopal , Vidisha , Chanderi , Chitrakuta , Dewas , Dhar , Gwalior , Indore , Nemavar , Jabalpur , Burhanpur , Maheshwar , Mandleshwar , Mandu , Omkareshwar , Orchha , Pachmarhi , Shivpuri , Sonagiri , Mandla and Ujjain . Madhya Pradesh
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#1732934779635864-1184: Is noted for its classical and folk music. Some of the noted Hindustani classical music gharanas in Madhya Pradesh include the Maihar gharana , the Gwalior gharana and Senia gharana . Two of the medieval India's most noted singers, Tansen and Baiju Bawra , were born near Gwalior in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Noted Dhrupad exponents Aminuddin Dagar (Indore), Gundecha Brothers (Ujjain) and Uday Bhawalkar (Ujjain) were also born in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Renowned classical singer Kumar Gandharva spent his life at Dewas. The birthplaces of noted playback singers Kishore Kumar (Khandwa) and Lata Mangeshkar (Indore) and singer and composer Aadesh Shrivastava (Jabalpur) are also located in MP. The local styles of folk singing are Faga, Bhartahari, Sanja geet, Bhopa , Kalbelia , Bhat, Bhand, Vasdeva, Videsia, Kalgi Turra, Nirgunia, Alha, Pandwani Gayan and Garba Garbi Govalan. States Reorganisation Act The States Reorganisation Act, 1956
936-563: Is the 26th highest in the country (2018–19). According to the SDG India Index 2020–21 compiled by the NITI Aayog , Madhya Pradesh ranks 21st on sustainable development goals, 9th on gender equality, and 10th on clean water and sanitation. Languages in Madhya Pradesh (2011) The official language of the state is Hindi , which is spoken by over two-thirds of the population and is used for all government business. In urban areas Standard Hindi
1008-540: Is the main language, while Urdu is spoken by Muslims. In rural areas, however, most speak varieties counted as dialects of Hindi in the census, although most are quite distinct. In the west are Malvi and Nimadi in the Malwa and Nimar regions, which are more closely related to the Rajasthani languages . In Bundelkhand in the north and Baghelkhand in the east are spoken Bundeli and Bagheli which are eastern varieties of
1080-518: Is the state animal and the dudhraj is the state bird of Madhya Pradesh. Based on composition, the teak and sal forests are the important forest formations in the state. Bamboo-bearing areas are widely distributed. The Narmada is the longest river in Madhya Pradesh. It flows westward through a rift valley, with the Vindhya ranges sprawling along its northern bank and the Satpura range of mountains along
1152-477: The Bhimbetka rock shelters . Chalcolithic sites belonging to Kayatha culture (2100–1800 BCE ) and Malwa culture (1700–1500 BCE) have been discovered in the western part of the state. Madhya Pradesh is also the world's ninth-most populous subnational entity . The city of Ujjain arose as a major centre in the region, during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. It has served as
1224-544: The Central India Agency . Some years after India's independence, the Central Provinces and Berar was renamed as Madhya Pradesh with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form
1296-542: The Governor-General of India ; and the Indian States , under the rule of local hereditary rulers who recognized British suzerainty in return for continued authority over their own realms, in most cases as established by treaty. As a result of the reforms of the early 20th century, most of the British provinces had directly elected legislatures as well as governors, although some of the smaller provinces were governed by
1368-461: The Indian independence movement . Several notable leaders such as Chandra Shekhar Azad , B. R. Ambedkar , Shankar Dayal Sharma , Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Arjun Singh were born in what is now Madhya Pradesh. After the independence of India, Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and the princely states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as
1440-661: The Islamic Suri dynasty , operated from the Gwalior Fort during 1553–56 and became the ruler of Delhi as a Vikramaditya king winning 22 battles continuously from Bengal to Gujrat and defeating Akbar's forces in the Battle of Delhi on 7 October 1556. However, he chose Delhi as his capital after his formal Coronation and left Gwalior. After Hemu's defeat by Akbar at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, most of Madhya Pradesh came under
1512-618: The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad , was founded by Dost Mohammed Khan , a former General in the Mughal army. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War , the British conquered the entire region. All the sovereign states in the region became princely states of British India , governed by the Central India Agency . The Mahakoshal region became a British province: the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories . In 1861,
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#17329347796351584-408: The Mughal rule. Gondwana and Mahakoshal remained under the control of Gond kings, who acknowledged Mughal suzerainty but enjoyed virtual autonomy . The Mughal control weakened considerably after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707. Between 1720 and 1760, the Marathas conquered most of Madhya Pradesh, resulting in the establishment of semi-autonomous states under the nominal control of
1656-704: The Peshwa of Pune : the Holkars of Indore ruled much of Malwa, Pawars ruled Dewas and Dhar , the Bhonsles of Nagpur dominated Mahakoshal-Gondwana area, while the Scindias of Gwalior controlled the northern parts of the state. The most notable Maratha rulers of the region were Mahadji Shinde , Ahilyabai Holkar and Yashwantrao Holkar . Besides these, there were several other small states , including Bhopal , Orchha , and Rewa . The Bhopal state , which paid tribute to both
1728-417: The fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as
1800-521: The 18 biosphere reserves in India. Most of them are located in eastern Madhya Pradesh near Jabalpur . Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and Satpura National Parks are managed as Project Tiger areas. The National Chambal Sanctuary is managed for conservation of gharial and mugger , river dolphin , smooth-coated otter and a number of turtle species. Ken-gharial and Son-gharial sanctuaries are managed for conservation of gharial and mugger. The barasingha
1872-403: The 2011 figures, the recorded forest area of the state is 94,689 km (36,560 sq mi) constituting 30.7% of the geographical area of the state. It constitutes 12.3% of the forest area of India. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest" (65.3%), "Protected Forest" (32.8%) and "Unclassified Forest" (0.2%). Per capita forest area is 2,400 m (0.59 acres) as against
1944-747: The 2nd century CE. Subsequently, the region was conquered by the Gupta empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, and their southern neighbours, the Vakataka 's. The rock-cut temples at Bagh Caves in the Kukshi tehsil of the Dhar District show the presence of the Gupta dynasty in the region, supported by the testimony of a Badwani inscription dated to the year of 487 CE. The attacks of the Hephthalites or White Huns brought about
2016-523: The Adivasis. The various Bhil languages are Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 50 lakh Bhils of western Madhya Pradesh. Although many, especially in the eastern parts of their range, have adopted the regional languages as mother tongue, the languages are still strong in the far-western hills especially Barwani, Jhabua and Alirajpur districts where they are in the majority. Bhili , the Bareli languages and Bhilali are
2088-516: The British merged the Nagpur Province with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form the Central Provinces . During the 1857 uprising , rebellions happened in the northern parts of the state, led by leaders like Tatya Tope , Rani Avantibai Lodhi . However, these were crushed by the British and the princes loyal to them. The state witnessed a number of anti-British activities and protests during
2160-671: The Constitution of India. Under the Seventh Amendment, the existing terminology of Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D states was altered. The distinction between Part A and Part B states was removed, becoming known simply as "states". A new type of entity, the Union Territory, replaced the classification as a Part C or Part D state. A further Act also came into effect on 1 November 1956, transferring certain territories from Bihar to West Bengal . The States Reorganisation Act of 1956
2232-558: The Directorate of Technical Education (Government of Madhya Pradesh). The Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board is a self-financed, autonomous incorporated body of State Govt. The Government has re-constituted the Board of Directors for taking decisions on policy and organizational matters through Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board Act 2020. The agency made national news for the Vyapam scam ,
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2304-727: The Ganges basin consists of the Son , the Tons and the Rihand Rivers. Son, which arises in the Maikal hills around Amarkantak , is the largest tributary that goes into the Ganges on the south bank and that does not arise from the Himalayas . Son and its tributaries contribute the bulk of the monsoon flow into the Ganges, because the north bank tributaries are all snow fed. The forests in their basins are much richer than
2376-476: The Hindi languages, similar to Awadhi or Chhattisgarhi . In the southeast is spoken Chhattisgarhi and Powari is the language of the far south, both Eastern Hindi languages. Most speakers of these languages consider them to be dialects of Hindi and so report their language as 'Hindi' on the census. Marathi is another significant language. Due to Maratha rule over much of what is now Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
2448-705: The Pench, the Kanhan rivers, discharge an enormous volume of water into the Godavari river system. The Godavari basin consists of sub-tropical , semi-moist forests, mainly in the valley of the Indrawati. There are many important multi-state irrigation projects in development, including the Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects . Madhya Pradesh is divided into the following agro-climatic zones: Madhya Pradesh
2520-671: The States Reorganisation Commission in December 1953, with the remit to reorganise the Indian states. The new commission was headed by the retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court , Fazal Ali ; its other two members were H. N. Kunzru and K. M. Panikkar . The efforts of the commission were overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant , who served as the Home Minister from December 1954. The States Reorganisation Commission submitted
2592-433: The ascent of political movements for the creation of new states developed on linguistic lines. The movement to create a Telugu -speaking state out of the northern portion of Madras State gathered strength in the years after independence, and in 1953, the sixteen northern Telugu-speaking districts of Madras State became the new State of Andhra . During the 1950–1956 period, other small changes were made to state boundaries:
2664-536: The capital of the Avanti kingdom . Other kingdoms mentioned in ancient epics – Malava , Karusha , Dasarna and Nishada – have also been identified with parts of Madhya Pradesh. Chandragupta Maurya conquered northern India around 320 BCE, establishing the Mauryan Empire , which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. Ashoka the greatest of Mauryan rulers, conquered it, bringing
2736-519: The capital of the state. The new states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh , and Bhopal were formed out of the Central India Agency. In 1956, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh , and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi -speaking southern region Vidarbha , which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay state . Jabalpur was chosen to be the capital of the state but at
2808-522: The census of 2011, 90.9% of residents followed Hinduism , while minorities are Muslim (6.6%), Jain (0.8%), Buddhists (0.3%), Christians (0.3%), and Sikhs (0.2%). Madhya Pradesh is home to several pilgrimage sites including Amarkantak at the source of the Narmada and the Ghats of Omkareshwar , also on the Narmada. Temples can be found throughout the state. Buddhism and Jainism were once prominent religions in
2880-529: The collapse of the Gupta empire, which broke up into smaller states. The King Yasodharman of Malwa defeated the Huns in 528, ending their expansion. Later, Harsha (c. 590–647) ruled the northern parts of the state . Malwa was ruled by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty from the late 8th century to the 10th century. When the south Indian Emperor Govinda III of the Rashtrakuta dynasty annexed Malwa, he set up
2952-608: The constitutional framework for India's existing states and the requirements to pass the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 under the provisions of Part I of the Constitution of India , Article 3. British India , which included present-day India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Myanmar , was divided into two types of territories: the Provinces of British India , which were governed directly by British officials responsible to
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3024-484: The country's 26th highest per-capita income of ₹ 109,372. Madhya Pradesh ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index . Rich in mineral resources, Madhya Pradesh has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. 25.14% of its area is under forest cover. Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010–11. In recent years,
3096-449: The demand for a separate Orissa Province to be formed by bifurcating the existing Bihar and Orissa Province . Due to the efforts of Madhusudan Das , the Father of Odia nationalism, the movement eventually achieved its objective in 1936, when Orissa Province became the first Indian state (pre-independence) to be organized on the basis of common languages. The post-independence period saw
3168-492: The dominant regional languages while their own tongues are considered 'backward' and 'rural'. The following languages are taught in schools in Madhya Pradesh under the Three Language Formula: First language: Any Scheduled Language Second language: Hindi, Urdu or English Third language: Another Scheduled Language, Arabic , Persian , French , Russian Religion in Madhya Pradesh (2011) According to
3240-669: The end of the 14th century, independent regional kingdoms re-emerged, including the Tomara kingdom of Gwalior and the Muslim Sultanate of Malwa , with its capital at Mandu . The Malwa Sultanate was conquered by the Sultanate of Gujarat in 1531. In the 1540s, most parts of the state fell to Sher Shah Suri , and subsequently to the Hindu king Hemu . Hemu, who had earlier served as the General of
3312-926: The family of one of his subordinates there, who took the name of Paramara . The Medieval period saw the rise of the Rajput clans, including the Paramaras of Malwa and the Chandelas of Bundelkhand along with the Lodhis . The Chandellas built the majestic Hindu-Jain temples at Khajuraho , which represent the culmination of Hindu temple architecture in Central India. The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty also held sway in northern and western Madhya Pradesh at this time. It also left some monuments of architectural value in Gwalior. Southern parts of Madhya Pradesh like Malwa were several times invaded by
3384-437: The first century CE , located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. The Satavahana dynasty of the northern Deccan and the Saka dynasty of the Western Satraps fought for the control of Madhya Pradesh during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. The Satavahana King Gautamiputra Satakarni inflicted a crushing defeat upon the Saka rulers and conquered parts of Malwa and Gujarat in
3456-435: The following examinations: Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh ( / ˌ m ɑː d j ə p r ə ˈ d ɛ ʃ / ; Hindi: [ˈməd̪ʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ] ; lit. ' Central Province ' ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and its largest city is Indore . Other major cities of the state are Jabalpur and Gwalior . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and
3528-405: The last moment, due to political interference Jabalpur sacrificed his place of Capital but then Bhopal was made the state capital. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act, the southeastern portion of the state split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh . Madhya Pradesh literally means "Central Province", and is located in the geographic heart of India in between
3600-401: The latitude of 21.6°N–26.30°N and longitude of 74°9'E–82°48'E. The state straddles the Narmada River , which runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges; these ranges and the Narmada are the traditional boundaries between the north and south of India. The highest point in Madhya Pradesh is Dhupgarh , with an elevation of 1,350 m (4,429 ft). The state is bordered on
3672-406: The main tributaries of the Yamuna. Shipra River is one of the most sacred rivers of Hinduism. It is the site of the Simhastha Kumbh Mela , which is held every 12 years. Shipra is stretched across Indore, Ujjain and Dewas. The land drained by these rivers is agriculturally rich, with the natural vegetation largely consisting of grass and dry deciduous forest types, largely thorny. The eastern part of
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#17329347796353744-481: The major varieties spoken in the state. Gondi is the second-largest Adivasi language, spoken by 11 lakh Gonds in the state. A Dravidian language related to Telugu , it is mainly spoken in the southern Satpura highlands of Mahakoshal, where it is spoken with the regional languages. Some in the more remote valleys of the Satpuras speak a poorly-described Dravidian dialect called Bharia . Smaller minorities of Gondi speakers can be found in Khandwa and Dewas districts in
3816-447: The medical entrance examination on behalf of others. In 2015, the case was transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation , which accused 3,500 people in 154 proceedings. In 2022, the agency was renamed the Employees Selection Board (Hindi: Karamchari Chayan Board) and moved under the responsibility of the state's General Administration Department. The change in name had been pending since 2015. The Employees Selection Board conducts
3888-449: The national average of 700 m (0.17 acres). The forest cover is less dense in the northern and western parts of the state, which contain the major urban centres. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. In January 2019 1.5 million volunteers in the state planted 66 million trees in 12 hours along the Narmada river . The major types of soils found in
3960-404: The new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was designated a separate state. Madhya Pradesh's economy is the 10th-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 9.17 trillion (US$ 110 billion) and has
4032-407: The northern part of January remains between 15 and 18 °C. The climate is generally dry and pleasant with a clear sky. The average rainfall is about 1,194 mm (47.0 in). The southeastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm (84.6 in), while the western and northwestern districts receive 1,000 mm (39.4 in) or less. According to
4104-459: The population is tribal. According to the 2011 census, the tribal population in Madhya Pradesh was 15.34 million, constituting 21.1% of the total population. There were 46 recognised Scheduled Tribes and three of them have been identified as "Special Primitive Tribal Groups" in the State. Madhya Pradesh ranks 33rd on the Human Development Index with a value of 0.606 (2018). The state's per-capita gross state domestic product (nominal GDP)
4176-416: The region under firmer control. After the decline of the Maurya empire, the region was contested among the Sakas , the Kushanas , the Satavahanas , and several local dynasties during the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. Heliodorus, the Greek Ambassador to the court of the Shunga King Bhagabhadra erected the Heliodorus pillar near Vidisha. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial centre of western India from
4248-458: The region. It is the main source of water and acts as a lifeline to the state. The Vindhyas form the southern boundary of the Ganges basin, with the western part of the Ganges basin draining into the Yamuna and the eastern part directly into the Ganges itself. All the rivers, which drain into the Ganges, flow from south to north, with the Chambal , Shipra , Kali Sindh , Parbati , Kuno , Sind , Betwa , Dhasan , Ken and Sunarrivers being
4320-445: The small state of Bilaspur was merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954; and Chandernagore , a former enclave of French India , was incorporated into West Bengal in 1955. The States Reorganisation Commission was preceded by the Linguistic Provinces Commission (also called the Dhar Commission), which was set up in June 1948. It rejected language as a parameter for dividing states. Later, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed
4392-411: The south Indian Western Chalukya Empire which imposed its rule on the Paramara kingdom of Malwa. The Paramara King Bhoja (c. 1010–1060) was claimed to be a renowned polymath . The small Gond kingdoms emerged in the Gondwana and Mahakoshal regions of the state. Northern Madhya Pradesh was conquered by the Turkic Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate at
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#17329347796354464-423: The southern. Its tributaries include the Banjar, the Tawa , the Machna , the Shakkar , the Denwa and the Sonbhadra rivers. The Tapti River runs parallel to Narmada, and also flows through a rift valley. The Narmada–Tapti systems carry an enormous volume of water and provide drainage for almost a quarter of the land area of Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada river is considered very sacred and is worshipped throughout
4536-728: The state are: Madhya Pradesh is home to eleven National Parks ; Bandhavgarh National Park , Kanha National Park , Satpura National Park , Sanjay National Park , Madhav National Park , Van Vihar National Park , Mandla Plant Fossils National Park , Panna National Park , Pench National Park and Dinosaur National Park, Dhar. There are also a number of nature reserves, including Amarkantak , Bagh Caves , Balaghat , Bori Natural Reserve, Ken Gharial, Ghatigaon , Kuno Palpur , Narwar , Chambal , Kukdeshwar, Chidi Kho, Nauradehi , Pachmarhi , Panpatha, Shikarganj, Patalkot, and Tamia . Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Satpura Range, Amarkantak biosphere reserve and Panna National Park are three of
4608-412: The state's GDP growth has been above the national average. In 2019–20, state's GSDP was recorded at 9.07. Madhya Pradesh means "the central province" in Hindi . Isolated remains of Homo erectus found in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley indicates that Madhya Pradesh might have been inhabited in the Middle Pleistocene era. Painted pottery dated to the later mesolithic period has been found in
4680-446: The state, especially in the central plateau near Raisen and Bhopal. Malwa is still home to a significant Jain minority. Jains are particularly concentrated in the urban centres of the Malwa region. Islam arrived with Muslim rule in the 14th century, although its influence was and is limited to major urban centres. Islam is a major religion in Bhopal and Burhanpur, and Bhopal is home to many prominent Islamic shrines. Buddhism in modern times
4752-590: The states acceded to India, and a few to Pakistan. Bhutan , Hyderabad and Kashmir opted for independence; Bhutan remains independent, but Hyderabad was annexed by India , and the status of Kashmir became the subject of conflict between India and Pakistan . Between 1947 and about 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union. Several states were merged into existing provinces; others were organized into unions, such as Rajputana , Himachal Pradesh , Madhya Bharat , and Vindhya Pradesh , made up of multiple princely states;
4824-410: The thorn forests of the northwestern part of Madhya Pradesh. After the formation of Chhattisgarh State, the major portion of Mahanadi basin now lies in Chhattisgarh. Presently, only 154 km basin area of Hasdeo River in Anuppur District lies in Madhya Pradesh. The Satpuras , in the Gawilgarh and Mahadeo Hills , also contain a watershed, which is south facing. The Wainganga , the Wardha ,
4896-448: The west as well as Anuppur, Sidhi and Singrauli districts in the east. Elsewhere in the state, the Gonds have almost totally abandoned their original language. Korku , a Munda language , has over 400,000 speakers in the central highlands of the state. In the far-southeast of Burhanpur can be found some speakers of the language isolate Nihali who live among the Korku. All speakers of tribal languages face significant pressure to switch to
4968-440: The west by Gujarat , on the northwest by Rajasthan , on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh , on the east by Chhattisgarh , and on the south by Maharashtra . Madhya Pradesh also has three major seasons – Summer, Monsoon, and Winter. During summer (March–June), the temperature in the entire state ranges above 34.6 it has increased as it is all-time high in Madhya Pradesh. In general, the eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh are hotter than
5040-399: The western parts. The regions like Gwalior, Morena and Datia record temperatures of over 42 °C in May. The humidity is relatively very low and the region usually experiences frequent mild dust storms. The southwest Monsoon usually breaks out in mid-June and the entire state receives a major share of its rainfall between June and September. The south and south-east regions tend to experience
5112-462: Was a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories , organising them along linguistic lines. Although additional changes to India's state boundaries have been made since 1956, the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 remains the most extensive change in state boundaries after the independence of India. The Act came into effect at the same time as the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 , which (among other things) restructured
5184-502: Was constituted, and the agencies were merged by order on 17 April 1982 into the Professional Examination Board, which was assigned the responsibility of conducting entrance tests for admission to various colleges in the state. In 2013, a major scheme to manipulate the results of examinations conducted by the Professional Examination Board was unearthed by state police. That July, Indore Police arrested 20 people who took
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