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19-465: The census of 1800 put the population of the parish of Vuokkiniemi at 853; by 1900, it stood at 3265. A large proportion of the population was, or was descended from, migrants from Finland: around 1890, 34% of the population descended from migrants from Ostrobothnia , 25% from Kainuu , and 18% from Finnish Karelia , while statistics from 1902 to 1908 show no evidence of people using Russian as their primary language or having Russian identity. The economy of

38-522: A result, days are short during winter although all areas of Ostrobothnia are far south of the Arctic Circle. [REDACTED] Media related to Ostrobothnia at Wikimedia Commons 63°N 22°E  /  63°N 22°E  / 63; 22 Languages of %C3%85land Åland , an autonomous region of Finland , has the largest Swedish-speaking majority in Finland, with about 88% of

57-450: Is a region in western Finland . It borders the regions of Central Ostrobothnia , South Ostrobothnia , and Satakunta . It is one of six regions considered historical Ostrobothnia , hence it is also referred to as Coastal Ostrobothnia to avoid confusion. Ostrobothnia is one of two Finnish regions with a Swedish-speaking majority (the other being the constitutionally monolingual province of Åland ); Swedish-speakers make up 51.2% of

76-500: Is located in the borderlands between the humid continental and subarctic climates ( Köppen Dfb/Dfc ). Its winters are moderated by prevailing westerly winds from the mild North Atlantic Current travelling across Norway , Sweden and the Bay of Bothnia . Although the sea tends to easily freeze over in winter during prolonged spells of cold weather due to the low salinity, winters seldom get severely cold. In general during latter decades,

95-530: Is mostly former seafloor brought to surface by post-glacial rebound and the accumulation of alluvial sediment . Ostrobothnia has both vast expanses of cultivated fields ( lakeus ) as in Southern Ostrobothnia , and the archipelago of Kvarken (Finnish: Merenkurkku ). Glacial transport has deposited large quantities of rocks in the area. Like elsewhere in Ostrobothnia, rivers are a prominent part of

114-552: Is quite variable but is enough to build up a reliable snowpack all through the region during winter months. In summer, Ostrobothnia experiences perpetual civil twilight due to its high latitude with the sun angle never falling below -3° at summer solstice in Vaasa and -2° in Jakobstad . During that time of the year, daylight remains bright enough to permit daytime outdoor activities without artificial lighting especially under clear skies. As

133-520: The Arctic Sea; itinerant begging; and itinerant trading, especially west into Finland, primarily selling furs, netting thread, hemp, mutton, fish, butter and birds and purchasing flour and salt. A postal route between Vuokkiniemi and Suomussalmi commenced in 1898. An Orthodox Christian chapel ( tsasouna ) had been built in Vuokkiniemi by the 1780s, at which time the parish gained independent status within

152-636: The Languages of Finland recommended that the region be named Kustösterbotten in Swedish and Rannikko-Pohjanmaa in Finnish, meaning "coastal Ostrobothnia" in English. However, upon the confirmation of the names of the Finnish regions on 26 February 1998, the current name of the region was officialized instead, according to the wishes of the regional government. The central government cited the Swedish language's prevalence in

171-563: The Russian language, which was the first language of few inhabitants. Many people in Vuokkiniemi thus belonged to various sects of the Old Believers . Their Christianity was deeply infused with originally non-Christian traditions, including a prominent role for the sages known as tietäjät . Laestadianism grew prominent around the 1890s. In 1832 Elias Lönnroth estimated that less than one percent of Vuokkiniemi's peasants could read. Throughout

190-653: The century following the first written record of a poetic text from Vuokkiniemi, made by Zachris Topelius the Elder on 23 January 1821, inhabitants of Vuokkiniemi contributed at least 2960 folklore texts to the collections of the Finnish Literature Society , many later published in the voluminous Suomen kansan vanhat runot . Key collectors were Elias Lönnroth, Axel Borenius , Samuli Paulaharju , and Iivo Marttinen . Ostrobothnia (region) Ostrobothnia ( Swedish : Österbotten ; Finnish : Pohjanmaa )

209-577: The landscape. The major rivers that discharge into the Gulf of Bothnia in Ostrobothnia are Kyrönjoki , Lapuanjoki and Ähtävänjoki . Kaskinen , a coastal town located in the southern part of the region, is the smallest town in Finland in terms of both area and population. Prior to the officialization of the names of the Finnish regions, Ostrobothnia was also known as Vasa kustregionen in Swedish and Vaasan rannikkoseutu in Finnish, both of which translate into "[the] coastal region of Vaasa". The Institute for

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228-538: The nineteenth century, however, they sustained a vigorous tradition of Karelian-language oral poetry , including epics, laments, and incantations (including the aetiological myths known as synnyt ). Indeed, Vuokkiniemi and its surrounding villages and parishes became the celebrated centre of much collecting of Finnic-language folklore, which inspired the Kalevala and much of the Finnish and Karelian nationalist movements. In

247-427: The organised Church. A church was built in 1804. By 1881, chapels had been built in other villages in the same parish—Vuonninen, Venehjärvi, Kivijärvi, and Latvajärvi. However, official influence on the local religion was limited: it was common that there was no priest in the parish in the earlier nineteenth century, and even in the 1880s a priest might tour the surrounding chapels only twice a year. Official religion used

266-441: The parish was a mixed subsistence economy of a kind found widely in subarctic Eurasia. This included livestock-rearing, local freshwater fishing, and hunting (until an 1892 ban on trapping). It featured slash-and-burn agriculture (though this was circumscribed to varying degrees by law) and agriculture in the co-operative mir -system , focused on barley, rye, potatoes and turnips. And it included wage-labour for fishing companies on

285-533: The province, or about 25,500 people, speaking Swedish as their first language (specifically the Åland Swedish dialect). Swedish is also the sole official language of the province. Finnish also has a presence, although it is small; only about 5% of Ålanders are Finnish-speaking. There are 59 spoken native languages in 2020 (with a total population of 29,884): While the number of Swedish-speakers grew from 24,169 in 2000 to 25,862 in 2019, their percentage has dropped from 93.7% in 2000 to 86.5% in 2019. For Finnish,

304-514: The region, as well as the lack of a common consensus on an alternative name the reasons for its decision. In local circles or communities, Ostrobothnia is often referred to as "Pampas". The word derives from the similarities in the flat landscape with the Pampas area in South America . The regional tree is the black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), the regional mammal is the common elk ( Alces alces ),

323-653: The regional stone is Vaasa granite and the regional song is "The march of Vaasa" ( Swedish : Vasamarschen , Finnish : Vaasan marssi ). Gules, a sheaf Or; on chief countercharged four ermines 2+2 courant. The sprouting wheatsheaf is a symbol of the Royal House of Vasa ; a Vasa king established the city of Vaasa , the capital of the region. The running stoats are a symbol of Ostrobothnia. The region of Ostrobothnia consists of 14 municipalities , 6 of which have city status (marked in bold). Vaasa sub-region Jakobstad sub-region Sydösterbotten Ostrobothnia

342-462: The southern Bothnia Bay coastlines of central Norrland in Sweden across the strait and Ostrobothnia mostly range from slightly above 20 °C (68 °F) average highs in summer to about −3 °C (27 °F) highs and −10 °C (14 °F) lows in winter. Due to the vastness of the region from north to south, this will vary by a bit from one place to another depending on latitude. Precipitation

361-471: The total population. The region contains thirteen bilingual municipalities and one that is exclusively Finnish-speaking. The capital of Vaasa is predominantly inhabited by Finnish speakers, whereas smaller towns and rural areas are generally dominated by the Swedish language. The three municipalities with the largest number of Swedish speakers are Korsholm , Jakobstad and Pedersöre . Geographically, Ostrobothnia has little topographical relief, because it

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