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61-498: The Vox AC30 was originally introduced in 1959 at Hank Marvin 's request as the "big brother" of the fifteen watt (15 W) AC15 model, Vox's original flagship amplifier, because the AC15 was not loud enough with the screaming fans at Cliff Richard 's concerts. The AC15 was powered by a pair of EL84 tubes , an EF86 -driven "Normal" channel, an ECC83 -driven "Vib-Trem" channel, and rectified by an EZ81. The original first-generation AC30 used

122-523: A solid-state AC30 (AC30SS), which is the AC30 model that was used by Status Quo . A tube AC30TB with spring reverb feature was reintroduced in 1978. In spite of at least one AC30 production run titled "Limited Edition" of 100 units with starting serial number 0100 (1991) (no reverb), production of the AC30 has practically never ceased: Newer AC30s are reissues of the various top boost AC30/6 (AC30TB) models. AC30s made between 1989 and 1993 also had spring reverb as

183-501: A "trapezoid" shaped head and a separate speaker mounted on a trolley (see The Vox Story , Petersen & Denney 1993, p.39; see also the Vox showroom web site). To meet the demand of providing louder sound levels in live settings, the Vox AC50 was introduced as louder yet similar sounding "Super Twin" model, providing over 50 watts of power. And the infamous AC100 was produced shortly after which

244-404: A 'never-to-be-repeated' run. As the amp is designed to replicate May's tone, there are no controls on the amp except for a single volume control, though a switch enables the user to halve the number of output valves (therefore reducing the output to 15 watts as well as the volume, making it more suitable for home use), and there is a boost function operated from the included footswitch. As of 2006,

305-522: A GZ34 tube rectifier, three ECC83s (12AX7) for the Normal channel and the tremolo/vibrato oscillator/modulator circuits, one ECC81 (12AT7) phase inverter, and EL84 tubes in the power amplifier circuit. This first generation of AC30s were housed in "TV-front" cabinets, much like the early to mid-50s tweed Fender amps, and had a single 12-inch Goodmans 60-watt speaker, as opposed to the later, conventional twin 12-inch speaker configuration. These early amps sported

366-588: A Line " (also recorded by Marvin, Welch & Farrar), and "The Joy of Living", while Richard also had a hit with his ecology song, "Silvery Rain". "Silvery Rain" was covered by Olivia Newton-John on her 1981 album Physical . In 1977, Marvin played lead guitar on Roger Daltrey 's third solo album, One of the Boys , on the tracks Parade and Leon . He co-wrote Olivia Newton-John 's 1977 hit " Sam " with John Farrar and Don Black . In 1988, Marvin collaborated with French keyboardist and composer Jean Michel Jarre on

427-423: A Normal Volume knob, a Brilliance Switch, a Top Boost Volume knob, a Treble knob, an EQ Standard/Custom Switch, Bass and Reverb Controls (Tone, Mix, and a Dwell Switch), Tremolo Speed & Depth knobs, a Tone Cut knob, a Master Volume knob, a Standby and a Power Switch, switchable cathode bias (Output Bias switch: "50 Hot": 33W at full power, "82 Warm": 22W at low power), switchable filter values (vintage/modern), and

488-508: A Tone Cut control (to add further control over the higher-frequencies), a Master Volume, and a Standby and Power Switch. A true bypass effects loop, extension cab output and external cab output were also included; as well as an input for the external foot switch (to control Reverb and Tremolo). The amps are produced in China. The amps were released to critical success, garnering awards such as Music Radar's "Guitarist Choice" award. Introduced in 2010,

549-503: A career in the music business. Sixteen-year-old Marvin and his Rutherford Grammar School friend, Bruce Welch , met Johnny Foster, Cliff Richard 's manager, at The 2i's Coffee Bar in Soho , London. Foster was looking for a guitarist for Cliff Richard's UK tour and was considering Tony Sheridan . Instead he offered Marvin the position. Marvin agreed to join the Drifters , as Cliff Richard's group

610-524: A choice of Celestion "Blue" or "Greenback" speakers. In the mid 1980s, a company in Marlborough, MA, called Primo, imported and began re-distributing the AC30s in the U.S. In 2003, Vox created the "AC30 Heritage Handwired Limited Edition" amplifier (AC30HW). This amplifier differed from the standard offering in notable ways. First, the circuitry was constructed using old-fashioned tag strips. According to Vox this

671-465: A company having licensed the name JMI ( Jennings Musical Instruments ) began manufacturing period correct, British made AC30 "copy" amplifiers, available in both black and beige. Since this incarnation of JMI has never owned the Vox brand, their official website lists the disclaimer "JMI amplification are in no way affiliated with Vox amplification (Korg)", and the models are listed as 30/6 (6 input) and 30/4 (4 inputs, sans "Brilliant" channel). As originally

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732-486: A doubling of the AC15 power amp circuit. The AC30/4 also carried over the AC15's preamplifier circuit, which included the EF86 pentode in its "Normal" channel. Vox initially offered a 1×12" version but subsequently introduced the 2×12" AC30 Twin, which solved the volume problem at larger venues. The first AC30 Twins used two Goodmans Audiom 60 15-Watt Speakers, followed by Celestion G12 alnico speakers. By 1960, Vox had forsaken

793-649: A low input impedance and thus is very sensitive to the guitar pickup. By rolling the volume knob, the guitar player can decrease the gain of the pedal and get a clean or crunch sound, while still having all the gain when the volume knob is on maximum. For the same reason, Fuzz Face pedals react differently when placed directly after the guitar than when after other pedals or after a buffer amplifier . While some claim Wah-wah pedals are known to be troublesome with Fuzz Faces, artists such as Hendrix were known to use them together to spectacular effect. His signal flow for live performance involved first plugging his guitar into

854-413: A pedal to give that vocal quality to his lines." Marvin influenced many British rock guitarists, including George Harrison , Eric Clapton , David Gilmour , Brian May , Mark Knopfler , Peter Frampton , Steve Howe , Roy Wood , Tony Iommi , Pete Townshend , Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page . In 1959, Cliff Richard purchased a fiesta red Fender Stratocaster for Marvin to use on stage, which

915-542: A rear panel-mounted circuit that introduced an extra gain stage and tone controls for bass and treble (as opposed to the single "tone" control of earlier AC30s). The unit became so popular that its features were soon incorporated in newer AC30/6 models, and the controls moved from the rear panel to the control panel. Vox AC30/6 amplifiers from around 1963 had already implemented the top boost, and therefore had three tone controls. People began to refer to these amplifiers as AC30TBs. Later on, Vox also offered additional versions of

976-693: A standard feature. The Rose Morris company, who owned the Vox name through the 1980s, sold Vox to Korg in the early 1990s, who then manufactured a reissue of the early '60s AC30 Top Boost, correcting previous inconsistencies ranging from the correct style grille cloth to the GZ34 rectifier tube. These AC30 amps were mostly offered in the traditional black Tolex/brown diamond grille configuration, but were also available in limited numbers with purple, red, or tan tolex. These amplifiers, like all AC30s to this point, were manufactured in Great Britain . These were available with

1037-510: A standard in engineering textbooks. Sola Sound and Vox had been using the same circuit topology for their Tone Bender pedals earlier in 1966. The Fuzz Face is particularly similar to the Sola Sound unit known today as the "Mk1.5" Tone Bender. The main difference is that the Fuzz Face is biased slightly colder, making it more usable in warm environments. The original instructions even described

1098-460: A thin white covering ("Rexine") with a small printed diamond pattern and larger diamond pattern grill cloth. However, the EL34-powered AC30 was short lived, and a new AC30 version appeared in late 1959. This second generation AC30/4 had two channels with two inputs, hence the "4" in the model name, and a single tone control, and was powered by a quartet of EL84 (6BQ5) power tubes, making it truly

1159-508: A true bypass effects loop. Newer AC30CC (or "Custom Classic") reissues (CC1, CC2X CCH head) are produced in China . At the 2010 Winter NAMM expo Vox introduced the Custom series; these models were updates to the 2004 Custom Classic series amplifiers and featured two channels (Normal and Top Boost) with two inputs for each channel (High and Low), more akin to the original AC30/4 layout released in 1958. It

1220-477: A variety of Fuzz Face units until this day. Several germanium and silicon models are available. In 2013, smaller versions with status LEDs and AC power jacks were introduced. In the late 1990s, Arbiter reissued the pedal. The circuit uses only a small number of components, plus a battery. Its sound is mostly dependent on the selection of transistors (type, h fe and leakage in case of germanium transistors). As germanium transistors are sensitive to temperature,

1281-576: A vocal-harmony trio. They became 'Marvin & Farrar' for a vocal album in 1973 and then reverted to the Shadows in late 1973, for the instrumental Rockin' with Curly Leads album. The Shadows came second for the United Kingdom in the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest with " Let Me Be the One ". Marvin wrote "Driftin'", " Geronimo ", "Spider Juice" (his daughter's name for orange juice), "I Want You to Want Me" for

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1342-567: Is immediate and sharp and a distinction from the Marshall or Fender -style amplifier. Hank Marvin Hank Brian Marvin (born Brian Robson Rankin , 28 October 1941) is an English multi-instrumentalist, vocalist, and songwriter. He is known as the lead guitarist for the Shadows . Marvin was born as Brian Robson Rankin at 138 Stanhope Street in Newcastle upon Tyne , England. His father

1403-623: Is the VOX AC30VR (Valve Reactor). According to the Vox website , this version of the AC30 includes both "solid-state" and "tube" technology. Originally designed for the Valvetronix modelling amplifiers, the Valve Reactor circuit places a 12AX7 dual triode vacuum tube (or "valve") into the power stage, which is a tube configured to act as a small power amplifier. Too small to be used as an amplifier on its own,

1464-477: Is widely claimed to be the first Stratocaster in the United Kingdom. Although it allegedly still belongs to Richard, it has been in the possession of Bruce Welch since 1968. Marvin has performed on stage almost exclusively with fiesta red Stratocasters since Richard's original purchase. In Canada, Cliff Richard and the Shadows had top 10 hits, especially from 1961 to 1965. Canadian guitarists Randy Bachman and Neil Young credit Marvin as influential, Young penning

1525-512: The AC30 unit. In addition to the "Normal" version without the Top Boost, and the Top Boost version (which was a Normal version with the "Brilliance" unit added), Vox, with slight circuit modifications, created two more versions that were "voiced" in Brilliant (Treble), and Bass styles. Over the years many different AC30 models appeared but many consider the AC30 "Super Twin" to be the ultimate AC30, with

1586-459: The AC30, 15 > 7.5 on the AC15) allowing higher levels of saturation to be achieved at lower volumes. A Vintage fawn-colored vinyl covering, reminiscent of the 1960 classic AC30 and was available with either Celestion Alnico Blue or Celestion G12M Greenback speakers. A VFS1 footswitch controls the Top Boost channel's HOT/COOL switch was also included. The Heritage series 50th anniversary models incorporate

1647-561: The Fuzz Face as a "Tone-Bending" unit. Dallas Music Industries made a final batch of Fuzz Face units in 1976 or 1977, shortly after moving to the United States. The company bought Crest Audio in the 1980s and although it was operating under that name when it reissued the Fuzz Face in 1986, the units still bore the Dallas-Arbiter name. They made about 2000 Fuzz Faces until 1990. In 1993 Dunlop Manufacturing took over production, making

1708-451: The Fuzz Face in 1966. Later units bear the "Dallas Arbiter", "Dallas Music Industries Ltd.", "CBS/Arbiter Ltd." or "Dunlop Manufacturing Inc." name. The earliest units used germanium transistors . Silicon transistors were used in later editions of the pedal. Silicon transistors provided for a more stable operation, but have a different, harsher sound. The electronics are contained in a circular-shaped metal housing. Ivor Arbiter "got

1769-565: The HW is that only 350 of them will be made (along with 200 heads and cabinets)." In 2004, Vox introduced a new series of amplifier called the AC30 Custom Classic . It claims to combine attributes of the original AC30 with what Vox sales literature refers to as a "boutique" of features. Specifications of the AC30CC series are two Inputs (Top Boost and Normal), an Input Link Switch for blending channels,

1830-609: The High-Normal channel could be linked to the Low-Top Boost channel with a patch lead, whilst the guitar is plugged into the High-Top Boost channel, allowing both channels to sound and create a fuller, thicker overdrive sound. The amp also featured a solid-state rectifier to increase reliability. Controls include a Normal volume, Top Boost Volume, Treble and Bass controls, Reverb Tone and Level controls, Tremolo Speed and Depth controls,

1891-564: The Shadows, and " The Day I Met Marie ". He co-wrote Richard's 1961 hit; " Gee Whizz It's You " with Ian Samwell . With Welch, Brian Bennett , and John Rostill , he wrote hits for Cliff Richard, including; "On the Beach", " I Could Easily Fall in Love with You ", "Time Drags By", and "In the Country". In 1969 and 1970, he teamed with Richard for: two 'Cliff & Hank' hit singles, his own song; " Throw Down

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1952-607: The Shadows, in late 1968. The single "Sacha" topped the singles chart in New South Wales , Australia, having been 'discovered' by two DJs at 2WG Wagga Wagga. Marvin has experimented with styles and material, releasing some instrumental albums, some with mostly vocals (e.g. Words and Music , All Alone With Friends ), one with only acoustic guitars and one with a guitar orchestra ( The Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate ). In 1970, Marvin and Welch formed Marvin, Welch & Farrar ,

2013-406: The amount of leakage is variable. Thus the bias voltages will shift up and down, so the sound produced by a germanium Fuzz Face may change as the equipment heats up or cools down. Also, the battery is part of the circuit. Variances in voltage and internal resistance can make an audible difference. According to Jimi Hendrix ’s guitar tech Roger Mayer , Jimi would buy half a dozen Fuzz Faces and mark

2074-566: The amp featured Hand-wired turret board construction (against cheaper PCB construction), Birch-ply cabinets featuring solid bracing and a natural high frequency diffuser (versus MDF cabinets and no high frequency diffuser); All-tube design (different from the Custom series tube pre/power amp but solid-state rectifier); ECC83/12AX7 preamp tubes (×3) EL84 power tube quartet; (AC30 models); EL84 Duet (AC15 models); GZ34 rectifier (AC30 models); EZ81 rectifier (AC15 models); came factory-fitted with matched Ruby Tubes to provide extended dynamic range; maintained

2135-403: The amp, including price, and its control layout: "The AC30 HW ($ 4,000; head $ 3,250; 2×12 cab $ 1,350), which was developed with input from boutique amp designer Tony Bruno, features the famous Top Boost preamp, but has a control that is quite different from the standard model. For starters, there are only two inputs, which are marked Hi and Lo (AC30s traditionally have six inputs). To the right are

2196-506: The case in the 1960s, Top Boost is offered as a retrofit upgrade and is not standard, and the original configuration 4/6 inputs are offered with options for Green/Blue speakers, the blue speakers being similar in appearance to the Celestion alnico speaker but made by Fane International with fiberglass voice coils, which allow them a much higher 100 watt power rating. JMI later changed alnico speakers to ones made by Tayden. Another recent addition

2257-456: The classic EF86 pre-amp tube, which although subject to failure in the late '50s had been re-introduced and improved. The classic EF86 pre-amp tube is remarkable for its high gain and for the notable harmonic overtones it produces and feeds to the power tubes when driven into distortion, providing the creamy distinctive VOX sound of the early hand made amplifiers produced by Jennings of Dartford. Clapton, Cream, Pink Floyd and Queen are ambassadors to

2318-647: The foreword for Danel's book about the Fender Stratocaster . Marvin has continued to release instrumental solo albums, all of which have reached the UK Top 10 album charts since 2002. His latest solo album, Without a Word , was released in 2017. In 2024, Marvin contributed guitar to a re-release of Mark Knopfler 's " Going Home: Theme of the Local Hero " in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust . His first wife

2379-426: The idea for the round shape when he one day saw a microphone stand with a cast iron base". The design was originally intended to be used as a microphone base for guitarists who sang. The pedal uses two knobs, one for volume, and one for the amount of distortion the pedal produces. The arrangement of controls and logo on the box suggests a face. The circuit is based on the shunt-series-feedback amplifier topology -

2440-437: The lack of negative feedback, minimal preamp circuit, simple low loss tone stack , and the use of cathode biasing on the output stage play at least as large a role, if not larger. The Celestion "Blue" speakers that are integral to the AC30 also contribute much to the sound of the unit. The two 12" 15-watt speakers, often overdriven and at the brink of their power handling capability, provide a cutting mid-range speaker sound that

2501-429: The more conservative TV-front look for the now legendary cabinet design that has remained largely unchanged since 1960. The new cabinets featured a different covering known as fawn Rexine, which was a sort of beige leathercloth with a subtle printed grain. The front baffle was now divided by a thin gold-toned strip with the upper valence covered in fawn Rexine, and the lower grille covered in brown diamond cloth. Ventilation

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2562-406: The music of jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt and performs regularly with his group, "Hank Marvin's Gypsy Jazz". According to Guitar.com , "In 1960 [Marvin] defined the role of 'lead guitarist'" and "became the first British 'guitar hero'". The website continued, "Hank is legendary for his expressive phrasing, but rather than use his Strat's controls to accentuate volume swells, he prefers to use

2623-610: The one he liked best only to find out that he didn't like it in a different environment. Despite popular belief that Arbiter used randomly selected pairs of transistors, Dennis Cornell, one of the engineers who worked for Arbiter in the 1960s, described in a 2016 Guitarist magazine article how he auditioned them for their sonic properties. Early units used AC128 or NKT275 germanium transistors. Later on, BC183L, BC183KA, BC130C, BC108C, BC209C and BC239C silicon transistors were used. The American made versions used BC109C transistors. Arbiter reissues used AC128s. Hendrix also switched to

2684-416: The output of this Valve Reactor circuit is fed to a solid state power amp that boosts the output signal. Though widely believed to be a class A amplifier , the AC30 is in fact class AB . It uses a quartet of cathode-biased EL-84 output tubes in push-pull configuration. The high bias condition is believed by some to be the source of the amplifier's famous immediate response and "jangly" high-end, though

2745-462: The problem so to cure AC30/4 reliability issues caused by the troublesome EF86 preamp tube, in late 1960 Vox redesigned the preamp circuit, replaced the EF86 with an ECC83 (12AX7), and released this new design as the AC30/6. The AC30/6 was now an amp with three channels, each channel having two inputs. About this time, the "Top Boost" (or "Brilliance") feature became available as Vox's optional addition of

2806-553: The silicon transistors, but they created additional difficulties on stage, since they are much more susceptible to receiving AM radio signals, which were then audible through the guitar amplifier. The Fuzz Face's continuing popularity and status as a classic may be explained by its many famous users, which include Jimi Hendrix , David Gilmour , Duane Allman , Stevie Ray Vaughan Pete Townshend , Eric Johnson , George Harrison . and Kevin Parker The Fuzz Face has

2867-568: The song " From Hank to Hendrix " on his Harvest Moon album in partial tribute. "Hank Marvin" is rhyming slang for "starvin" ("starving"). This slang was referenced in a 2012 television advertisement for Mattessons meat company. While Welch and Bennett were both appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 Birthday Honours for services to music, Marvin declined for "personal reasons". On 28 October 2009, Marvin

2928-462: The success of the early AC30s. The Heritage series 50th anniversary model stands alone as either the AC15 or AC30 with this distinct circuitry not found in the current VOX line-up. In 2006, Vox released a limited edition version of the amp, the AC30BM , based on the tone of one of the amp's most prominent and consistent endorsers, Brian May of Queen . The amp is limited to only 500 examples worldwide, in

2989-664: The track "London Kid", on Jarre's Revolutions album and was a guest in Jarre's Destination Docklands concert at London's Royal Victoria Dock . Jarre said the Shadows' success had influenced him and led to his decision to devote his career to instrumental music. In 1992, Duane Eddy guested on Marvin's album Into the Light on the track " Pipeline ". Marvin dueted twice with French guitarist Jean-Pierre Danel  – on his 2007 and 2010 albums, both top-ten hits and certified gold. Marvin also participated on one of his DVDs and wrote

3050-499: The traditional VOX two-channel design (Top Boost and Normal. High and Low inputs for each channel); the Normal channel features an additional BRIGHT switch; The top boost channel features a HOT/COOL switch to achieve even more gain. A Master Volume/BYPASS switch completely bypasses the Master Volume section allowing incredible levels of gain and sustain to be achieved. OP mode switch cut the amp's Output Power level in half (30 > 15 on

3111-450: The volume, treble, bass and tone-cut controls, a tremolo section with speed and depth knobs, a reverb section with reverb and tone controls, and a master volume." [And further into the article:] Top of the Marque. The AC30HW is by far the best AC variant to date. Few amps come close to matching its radiant complexity and those that do typically don't offer reverb and tremolo. The only downer about

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3172-405: The workmanship and accuracy of the employee building the amp will affect the performance of the product. It was for this reason that most electronics manufacturers transitioned to phenolic printed circuit boards by 1970." The second notable difference was the features and control layout. Guitar Player magazine reviewed the amp in its "Exotica" feature, December 2002. The article specifies details of

3233-511: Was Beryl, with whom he had four children. He is currently married to Carole, with whom he had two children. Since 1986, Marvin has lived in Perth , Western Australia. He has made impromptu appearances on stage when musician friends visit the area, such as in February 2013 when Cliff Richard held a concert at Sandalford Winery . He is one of Jehovah's Witnesses . Marvin has developed a keen interest in

3294-529: Was an army officer. He played banjo and piano. After hearing Buddy Holly he decided to learn the guitar and also adopted Holly-style dark-rimmed glasses. He chose his stage name while launching his career. It is an amalgamation of his childhood nickname, Hank, and the first name of American country singer Marvin Rainwater . He moved to London in April 1958 after persuading his parents to let him do so in pursuit of

3355-610: Was available with either Greenback speakers (C2) or Alnico Blue Speakers (C2x), and was also available as the AC15. Later limited edition models include the AC30BL, a tygoon blue tolex with grey speaker cloth, an AC30C2RD with a red finish, an AC30C2-BRG a British Racing Green tolex finish with a grey speaker cloth and the AC30C2 Black Comet; featuring a patterned finish all are identical to the C2. The amp featured an option known as "Jumping" where

3416-402: Was far more labor-intensive, but it allowed for easier repair versus circuit boards because there were no copper tracks to burn. According to the Vox showroom site: "1960s era Vox amps were hand wired on tag strips. The connecting lead (or wire) from each electronic part was manually wrapped around a terminal, or "tag," and then soldered. This mode of amp construction is very labour-intensive and

3477-528: Was presented with a BASCA Gold Badge Award in recognition of his unique contribution to music. Marvin also played guitar on the following tracks of library music recorded for Bruton Music: Dallas Arbiter The Fuzz Face is an effects pedal for electric guitar , used also by some electric bass players. It is designed to produce a distorted sound referred to as "fuzz", originally achieved through accident such as broken electrical components or damaged speakers. Arbiter Electronics Ltd. first issued

3538-473: Was provided by three small brass vents on the top of the cabinet, and the TV-front's single suitcase type handle was replaced with three leather straps. Since the higher output AC30/4 shared its preamplifier design with the lower powered AC15, Vox discovered the high-gain EF86 tube was susceptible to microphonics, or even failure, when exposed to the increased vibration present in this uprated amp. Vox soon tired of

3599-402: Was reformed by Marvin, Welch and Bennett. Marvin and the Shadows reformed for a 2004 Final Tour, and a 2005 European tour was also undertaken. Cliff Richard and the Shadows performed the final tour dates in 2009 and 2010. His first critically lauded, eponymous solo album of instrumentals, which featured guitar set to orchestrated backing, was released in 1969, following the first disbanding of

3660-475: Was the loudest of the Vox AC models ranging in 80-100 watts. In the late '60s Jennings drifted into financial problems and the company experienced various owner changes. Quality control was also inconsistent. During the Vox brand's early '70s " Dallas Arbiter " period, the tube rectifiers of AC30s were replaced by silicon rectifiers, which became standard on later AC30TB models. In the late 1970s Vox also introduced

3721-817: Was then known, provided there was a place for Welch. Marvin met Richard for the first time at a nearby Soho tailor's shop, where Richard was having a fitting for a stage jacket. The Drifters had their first rehearsal with Richard at the Webb family home (Cliff's parents) in Cheshunt , Hertfordshire . After a threat of legal action by representatives of the American band of the same name , the Drifters became The Shadows in 1959. The Shadows were known for their instrumental songs, mainly; " Apache " (1960), " F.B.I. " (1961), " Wonderful Land " (1962), and " Foot Tapper " (1963), among many others. The band split up briefly between 1968 and 1973, but

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