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19-594: Voronezh Reserve is situated in the northern part of the Usman Forest, an isolated forest surrounded by steppes in the western outskirts of the lowland plains of the Oka and Don River plains. The forest was formed on the sandy terraces of the left bank of the Voronezh River. The terrain is a rolling plain, flattening east to west. Altitudes range from a high of 165–169 m at the watershed of Voronezh-Usmanka and Usmanka-Baygora, to

38-466: A 2012 survey, 78.4% of the population of Tambov Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , making it the federal subject with the highest percentage of this religion in the whole country. In addition, 1% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 7% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious ", 10% is atheist , and 3.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to

57-503: A low of 90 m in the floodplain areas of the Voronezh. Only 4 km of the Voronezh river itself runs through the reserve; the Usman river is more extensive. It is a typical forest river connecting a chain of lakes, reaching a width of 60 m and a depth of 3–4 meters. The floodplain is low and marshy. The territory belongs to the "Levoberezhny pridolinno" terraced area subzone that is typical of

76-555: A strict nature reserve, most of the Voronezh Reserve is normally closed to the general public, however, scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. The managers generally require permits to be obtained in advance. There is also a museum devoted to Vasily Peskov, the official namesake of the reserve. Oka%E2%80%93Don Lowland The Oka–Don Lowlands ( Russian : Окско-Донская равнина ) (also: Oka–Don Plain ),

95-758: Is a flat plain in European Russia , bounded on the north by the Oka River (and the Meshchera Lowlands ), on the south by the Don River , on the west by the Central Russian Upland , and on the east by the Volga Upland . The area is part of the larger East European Plain . The terrain is flat, with altitude averaging 160 meters above sea level, and the rivers meander on broad floodplains . Agricultural use of

114-744: Is a problem in the reserve with invasive species from the Americas - particularly the Canadian waterweed , the American maple, and the Saskatoon pigweed . The reserve has recorded over 200 species of plants considered medicinal by local cultures. Over 1,000 species of plants have been recorded in total, and 60 species of mammals. The Voronezh Nature Reserve played an important role in the reintroduction of beavers to Europe . From 1934 to 1977, approximately 3,000 Eurasian Beavers from Voronezh were reintroduced to 52 regions of

133-430: Is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters. The Usman Forest is representative of pine forests growing on sandy deposits along the left bank of the rivers Don and Voronezh. The tree species in the reserve are a combination of pine (32.3% of the total), broad-leaved (mostly oak) (29.3%), aspen (19.3%), birch (5.7%), and black alder (5.2%). There

152-572: Is situated in a forest steppe . It borders the Ryazan , Penza , Saratov , Voronezh and Lipetsk oblasts. The oldest known population of the Tambov region, the Mordovians - Moksha , formed as a nation of local ethnic groups from the 6th century BC. The first Russian settlers arrived in the pre-Mongol period , but the final settlement occurred in the 17th century. To protect the southern borders of Russia from

171-647: The Tambov Rebellion , broke out in Tambov Governorate in 1920–1921. Tambov Oblast was finally created from the Voronezh and Samara Oblasts on September 27, 1937. The oblast attained its present form after the separation of Penza Oblast (formerly part of Kuybyshev before joining Tambov) on February 4, 1939. The acting head of the administration of the Tambov Oblast since 4 October 2021 and Head of

190-615: The Tambov Viceroyalty in 1779 and from 1796 Tambov Governorate , with an area of 66.5 thousand km divided into 12 uyezds . With almost no change to its boundaries, the Governorate remained in existence until 1928. An attempt to establish Soviet control over the Tambov area led to the defeat and execution of "Red Sonya" (Sofia Nukhimovna Gel'berg) in the spring of 1918. During the Russian Civil War , an anti-Bolshevik uprising,

209-457: The "Tambov plain", and are mostly contained in Tambov Oblast . The lowlands also includes portions of Lipetsk Oblast on the west, Ryazan Oblast to the north, Penza Oblast to the east, and Voronezh Oblast to the south. The soil includes widespread chernozym ("black earth"), with more podzolic ("under-ash") soils towards the north and some sandy regions in the south. Because it is flat,

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228-705: The Tambov Oblast since 20 September 2022 is Maxim Yegorov. Elections to the Regional Duma were held from 17 to 19 September 2021. 25 seats were distributed by party lists and 25 by single-member constituencies. The seats at the end of the elections were distributed as follows: Population : 982,991 ( 2021 Census ) ; 1,091,994 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,178,443 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,320,763 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.22 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 69.88 years (male — 65.41, female — 74.33) According to

247-466: The USSR, from Poland to Mongolia. Ecotourism is a stated goal of the reserve, in addition to preservation of nature and scientific study. There is a nature museum (four large halls, including one devoted to the life of the beaver), and a visitor center open to the public. There is also a working beaver nursery open to the public ("Beaver Town"), as well as a rope park, and an educational ecological trail. As

266-544: The forest-steppe province of the Oka–Don Lowland . Voronezh is located in the East European forest steppe ecoregion, a transition zone between the broadleaf forests of the north and the grasslands to the south. This ecoregion is characterized by a mosaic of forests, steppe, and riverine wetlands. The climate of Voronezh is Humid continental climate, warm summer ( Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). This climate

285-811: The major rivers meander on broad floodplains. The main river in the north is the Tsna , which runs north through the city of Tambov and into the Moksha River , a right tributary of the Oka in the Volga basin. In the south, the plain narrows along the Khopyor River , flowing south into the Don River, and the Medevista , which is also in the Don Basin. The floodplains can be up to 20 km in width, with up to three terraces. In modern times,

304-467: The plain is heavily developed for agriculture. The primary grains are wheat, barley and rye, with 'industrial' crops such as sunflower seeds, sugar beets, and potatoes. Before modern development, the plain was forb meadow-steppe, with forest groves of pine, oak, and black alder along the river banks. The Oka–Don lowlands include two federal-level nature reserves: the Voronina Nature Reserve in

323-563: The plain is high, mostly for grain growing – wheat, barley and rye. The plain provides a flat south–north route for transportation, situated between uplands. Until a line of forts was built across the territory by the Russian government in the 1640s (the Belgorod Line ), the plain was a route for Tatar invasion from the south. The plain is about 250 km west–east, and 500 km north–south. The central and southern parts are sometimes called

342-649: The raids of the Tatars, and to further develop the Black Soil region , the Russian government built the walled cities of Kozlov (1635) and Tambov (1636). The cities protected the main path of nomad raids on Russian land and paved the way for a quick settlement of the region. Kozlovsky Uyezd originally existed in the Tambov area. In the course of the administrative reforms of Peter the Great in 1708 and 1719, it became part of Azov Governorate . New administrative divisions established

361-411: The southeast, and the Voronina Nature Reserve , both featuring forest-steppe habitat along rivers. Tambov Oblast Tambov Oblast ( Russian : Тамбо́вская о́бласть , romanized :  Tambovskaya oblastʹ ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ). Its administrative center is the city of Tambov . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,091,994. Tambov Oblast

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