65-884: Vokes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Christopher Vokes (1904–1985), Canadian Army officer Ed Vokes (1908–1967), Canadian ice hockey player Emily H. Vokes (born 1930), American malacologist and paleontologist Harold Vokes (1908–1998), American malacologist and paleontologist Leroy H. Vokes (1849–1924), American soldier May Vokes (1882–1957), American actress Richard Vokes , anthropologist Sam Vokes (born 1989), Welsh footballer Vokes family of actors: Fawdon Vokes (born Walter Fawdon; 1844–1904), actor Fred Vokes (1846–1888), actor and dancer Jessie Vokes (1848–1884), actress and dancer Rosina Vokes (1854–1894), actress See also [ edit ] Voke (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
130-517: A city , and recognisably had the status by 1226. It had no charter granted but claimed the title by prescription , and was later formerly chartered as a borough in 1613 under James I ; Acts of the Parliament of Ireland in 1773 and 1791 refer to the "City of Armagh". Armagh lost the status with the abolition of its city corporation by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 after it
195-666: A temperate maritime climate ( Cfb ) according to the Köppen climate classification system. The nearest Met Office standard weather station, at Armagh Observatory, provides long term weather data back to 1794. The lowest temperature was −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) on 7 February 1895. This is also the coldest temperature on record for February in Northern Ireland. Armagh also holds the record for highest daily minimum temperature in Northern Ireland, at 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) on 31 July 1868. The lowest daily maximum temperature on record
260-505: A large meeting in Armagh, which was attended by up to 10,000 people. During the Troubles in Armagh , the violence was substantial enough for a stretch of road on the outskirts of the city to be referred to by one RUC officer as " Murder Mile ". Over the span of 36 years, although mainly concentrated in the years from 1969 until 1994, the small city, including some outlying areas, saw 86 deaths in
325-836: A long reputation as an administrative centre. The secretariat of the North/South Ministerial Council is based in Armagh, and consists jointly of members of the civil services of both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland . Armagh is the seat of both the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh , both of whom hold the position of Primate of All Ireland for their respective denominations. The Ulster Railway linked Armagh with Belfast in 1848 and Monaghan in 1858. The Newry and Armagh Railway (N&A) opened in 1864 and
390-544: A plane crash in April 1943). Vokes commanded his brigade the following year during the Allied invasion of Sicily (codenamed Operation Husky) from July−August 1943, which was followed soon afterwards by Operation Baytown , part of the Allied invasion of Italy and the beginning of the Italian campaign , in early September. One historian lauded his performance throughout the war: Vokes was
455-514: A promotion to captain in January 1934. In Depression-era Canada many military bases were improved by civilians working in relief camps under supervision of professional military officers, including Camp Dundurn . The original engineer drawings for the concrete rifle range butts were signed by Chris Vokes, in that capacity. Barrack blocks in Dundurn resemble similar buildings constructed at Camp Valcartier in
520-425: A small number of German soldiers caught Wigle's tactical headquarters by surprise; resulting in the death of Wigle and several other soldiers. Vokes determined on an immediate reprisal. "A first-rate officer of mine, for whom I had a special regard and affection, and in whom I had a particular professional interest because of his talent for command, was killed. Not merely killed, it was reported to me, but sniped in
585-451: A successful commander because he maintained a good balance between technical skills such as planning and directing operations and his ability to understand, motivate, and lead soldiers, and because his actions were guided by a sound philosophy of command based on personal leadership and teamwork. These elements allowed Christopher Vokes to train and lead a highly effective and cohesive fighting force that defeated some of Germany's best troops in
650-525: A visit in July 1994 announced it had been granted to mark the 1,550th anniversary of the traditional date of Armagh's foundation by Saint Patrick, and also "in recognition of [Armagh's and St Davids'] important Christian heritage and their status as cities in the last century". The award of city status is typically granted to a local authority body, and the letters patent was initially presented to dignitaries and Armagh District Council by Queen Elizabeth during
715-431: A visit on 9 March 1995. Following this, it was renamed Armagh City and District Council from 1 October 1995. Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council presently holds the status on behalf of the city as there is no localised council body since the aforementioned districts were merged in 2015 as a result of local government reform . Armagh contains the lowest population of all the cities of Northern Ireland, and
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#1732859242088780-729: Is a city and the county town of County Armagh , in Northern Ireland , as well as a civil parish . It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh , the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland . In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort ( Eamhain Mhacha ) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland . Today, Armagh
845-531: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Christopher Vokes Major-General Christopher Vokes CB , CBE , DSO , CD (13 April 1904 – 27 March 1985) was a Canadian Army officer who fought in World War II . Born in Armagh , Ireland , he commanded the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade during the Allied invasion of Sicily . Promoted to major-general, Vokes led
910-463: Is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick ) and the Armagh Observatory , and is known for its Georgian architecture . Statistically classed as a medium-sized town by NISRA . Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012. It had a population of 16,310 people in the 2021 Census . Eamhain Mhacha (or Navan Fort), at the western edge of Armagh,
975-453: Is represented by Armagh Harps and Pearse Ógs . The local GAA handball club is Eugene Quinn's, named after a player from the Armagh area who died on an attempted swim from Tory Island to mainland County Donegal . The local hurling club is Armagh Cúchulainns. In 2004, the Royal School, Armagh became only the second team in history to win both the schools' rugby and hockey cups in
1040-489: Is sixth physically smallest in the UK. Its urban area covering 3.97 sq mi (10.3 km ), makes it the smallest city by size in Northern Ireland, however several other cities are smaller when the UK is taken as a whole. Armagh is the site of two cathedrals, both on hills and both named after Saint Patrick . The Church of Ireland cathedral dates back to around 445. The present-day, post-Reformation, Roman Catholic cathedral
1105-690: The 1st Canadian Infantry Division through several battles of the Italian campaign , which included fierce house-to-house fighting in the Battle of Ortona and the advance north to the Hitler Line . In 1944, he took over command of the 4th Canadian Armoured Division and fought in Operation Blockbuster . During the latter stages of this battle, Vokes ordered his division to raze the German town of Friesoythe . The division subsequently destroyed around 85–90% of
1170-665: The Battle of the Yellow Ford in 1598, the routed English army took refuge at Armagh before surrendering to Hugh O'Neill . By the end of the Nine Years' War , Armagh lay in ruins, as shown on Richard Bartlett's 1601 map. Following the Nine Years' War, Armagh came under English dominance and the cathedral came under the control of the Protestant Church of Ireland . The cathedral was rebuilt under Archbishop Christopher Hampton and
1235-621: The Castleblayney, Keady and Armagh Railway (CK&A) was completed in 1910. In 1876 the Ulster Railway became part of the new Great Northern Railway (GNR), which took over the N&;A in 1879 and the CK&;A in 1911. The Armagh rail disaster , which killed 80 people, occurred on 12 June 1889 on the N&A line near Armagh. The partition of Ireland in 1922 hastened the railways' decline, and
1300-536: The Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) on 13 April. The Lake Superior Regiment suffered two dead and nineteen wounded. German casualties are not known. Vokes ordered the resumption of the attack the next day by The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Frederick E. Wigle. The attack went well, with the Argylls securing the town by 10:30 hours. However, at 08:30
1365-729: The Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme . A fourth brother was wounded in the same attack. On 14 January 1921, during the Irish War of Independence , a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) sergeant was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Armagh. He was attacked with a grenade as he walked along Market Street and later died of his wounds. On 4 September 1921, republican leaders Michael Collins and Eoin O'Duffy addressed
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#17328592420881430-407: The surname Vokes . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vokes&oldid=1242316642 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1495-555: The 16th century Tudor conquest of Ireland , Armagh suffered greatly in the conflict between the English and the O'Neills . Armagh was strategically important as it lay between the English Pale and the O'Neill heartland of Tyrone , and the town changed hands many times during the wars. In the 1560s, English troops under Thomas Radclyffe occupied and fortified the town, which was then attacked and largely destroyed by Shane O'Neill . After
1560-553: The 18th century, which was once part of the Archbishop's estate. Among the city's chief glories is Armagh Public Library on Abbey Street. It was founded in 1771 by Archbishop Richard Robinson (later created the first Baron Rokeby in 1777), using his own library as its nucleus. It is especially rich in 17th- and 18th-century books in English, including Dean Jonathan Swift 's own copy of the first edition of his Gulliver's Travels with his manuscript corrections. Armagh Market House
1625-399: The 1990s when Queen's University of Belfast opened an outreach centre in the former hospital building. The Catch-my-Pal Protestant Total Abstinence Union was founded in 1909 in Armagh by the minister of 3rd Armagh (now The Mall) Presbyterian Church, Rev. Robert Patterson. Although relatively short-lived it was very successful for that time, attracting many tens of thousands of members. It
1690-616: The ABC council. Armagh is part of the Newry and Armagh Assembly constituency . Together with part of the district of Newry and Mourne , it forms the Newry & Armagh constituency for elections to the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly . The Education Authority (Southern) and the Southern Health and Social Care Trust have their headquarters in the city, which has
1755-478: The Argylls had spontaneously begun the arson of Friesoythe to revenge the death of their colonel, but after Vokes issued his direct order, the town was systematically set on fire with flamethrowers mounted on Wasp Carriers . The rubble was used to reinforce district roads for the division's tanks. According to German estimates, 85% to 90% of the town was destroyed, making it one of the most devastated towns in Germany at
1820-668: The Callan), was buried at Armagh in 846 after drowning in the River Callan. His son, High King Áed Findliath , had a house at Armagh. The first Viking raids on Armagh were recorded in 832, with three in one month, and it suffered at least ten Viking raids over the following century. A hoard seemingly lost by Vikings in the River Blackwater shows the high quality of metalwork being made in Armagh at this time. Brian Boru , High King of Ireland , visited Armagh in 1004, acknowledging it as
1885-533: The Canadians broke through, and German forces destroyed the old town: the Fallschirmjägers continued to hold the town ruins for over a week, deploying mines and booby-traps. After the battle Vokes broke out in tears due to his division's losses – 2,300 casualties, among them 500 dead, as well as many cases of war neuroses. He remained in command of the division throughout much subsequent hard fighting, including in
1950-669: The GNR closed the Keady – Castleblayney section of the CKA in 1923. The GNR withdrew passenger trains from the Armagh ;– Keady section of the CKA in 1922 and closed the Armagh – Markethill section of the N&A in 1933. The Government of Northern Ireland forced the GNR Board to close all remaining lines serving Armagh railway station on 1 October 1957: the goods branch from Armagh to Keady and
2015-452: The Hochwald in early 1945. In April 1945, the town of Friesoythe was attacked by the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division, under General Vokes. Most of the town's 4,000 people moved to the surrounding countryside on about 11–12 April 1945. The town was defended by some 200 paratroopers of Battalion Raabe of the 7th German Parachute Division . These paratroopers repelled the first attack by
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2080-481: The Irish language. When these townlands were built upon, they lent their names to various streets, roads and housing estates. In 1830, most of Armagh's urban townlands were amalgamated for administration and became known as Corporation Lands or simply Corporation. The surrounding townlands remained as separate units and they were eventually built upon too. They are listed below alongside their likely etymologies . Some of
2145-565: The RMC some twenty years earlier, steadily declined throughout 1944, with Burns eventually being sacked and replaced by Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes , who Vokes despised. As a result, in December 1944, Vokes exchanged commands with Major-General Harry Foster , GOC of the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division . The division was then serving in Northwest Europe , and which later fought in the Battle of
2210-576: The Troubles, including those of a number of people from the city who died elsewhere in Troubles-related incidents. Armagh City Hall, which had been built as the Tontine Buildings in 1828 and converted into a municipal building in 1910, was badly damaged in a bomb attack on 27 September 1972 and subsequently demolished. As the seat of the Primate of All Ireland , Armagh was historically regarded as
2275-496: The back". Vokes then announced his draconian decision. "I summoned my GSO1 . . 'Mac,' I roared at him, 'I'm going to raze that goddam town. Tell 'em we're going to level the fucking place. Get the people the hell out of their houses first. ' " You should know our soldiers were kind to the children of our enemies, and kind to those in adversity. And they were, on the whole, great ambassadors for Canada. — Major-General Christopher Vokes in his autobiography Units and soldiers of
2340-447: The church land. He told his men to kill Patrick, but was himself struck down with illness. They begged Patrick to heal him, and Patrick's holy water revived both Dáire and his horses. Dáire rewarded Patrick with a great bronze cauldron and gave him the hill of Ard Mhacha to build a church. Dáire has similarities with the Irish god the Dagda . By the 7th century, Armagh had become the site of
2405-545: The division during the Battle of Ortona , after which he was criticized for unimaginative tactics and frontal assaults. General Sir Bernard Montgomery , the commander of the British Eighth Army (under whose command the 1st Canadian Division had been serving since July), ordered Vokes's 1st Canadian Division to attack along the coast towards Ortona early in December. During an attack on a ravine southwest of Ortona, Vokes continued to send battalion after battalion to attack
2470-585: The engineering officer at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC). The family lived in the Married Quarters at Ridout Row, RMC. Christopher Vokes's brother, Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Vokes, took a leading part in the assault on Dieppe in August 1942. In early 1944 he was sent to Italy as commanding officer of the 9th Armoured Regiment (The British Columbia Dragoons) . On 31 August 1944 he
2535-557: The fighting to break the Gothic Line . Throughout most of this period Vokes's division was serving under command of I Canadian Corps , commanded first by Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar until he was replaced by Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns towards the end of March 1944 after Crerar went to Britain to assume command of the First Canadian Army . The relationship between Vokes and Burns, who had been one of Vokes's instructors at
2600-748: The former townlands included: On Census day (21 March 2021) there were 16,310 people living in Armagh. Of these: On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 14,777 people living in Armagh (5871 households), accounting for 0.82% of the NI total, representing an increase of 1.3% on the Census 2001 population of 14,590. Of these: Armagh City and District Council was a single district council until 2015 when it merged with Banbridge District Council and Craigavon Borough Council under local government reorganisation in Northern Ireland to become Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council , sometimes colloquially referred to as
2665-575: The head church of Ireland and bestowing it a large sum of gold. Brian was buried at Armagh cathedral after his death at the Battle of Clontarf in 1014. Armagh's claim to being the head church of Ireland was formally acknowledged at the Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111. The 1171 Council of Armagh freed all Englishmen and women who were enslaved in Ireland . Following the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland , Armagh
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2730-478: The main line through Armagh from Portadown as far as the border at Glaslough on the way to Monaghan. Today Armagh is the only city in Ireland that is not served by rail, however Portadown is the nearest station. NI Railways train services run from Portadown to Belfast Grand Central and the cross-border Enterprise service runs via Newry to Dublin Connolly . Poyntzpass also has a limited service. When he
2795-409: The mine-fortified German defense for nine days. For this he became known as the "Butcher" among his men. An impatient Montgomery sent messages wondering why the attack took so long. At the same time, the Canadians became aware of the fact that they were fighting not only Panzer-Grenadiers, but also the 1st Parachute Division , whom they recognized by their characteristic helmets. On the 21 December
2860-569: The most important church, monastery and monastic school in the north of Ireland. The Book of Armagh was produced in the monastery in the early 9th century and contains some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish . Armagh was at the heart of the kingdom of the Airthir, a part of the Airgíalla federation. The church at Armagh looked to both the Airthir and neighbouring Uí Néill for patronage. The Uí Néill High King , Niall Caille (Niall of
2925-541: The new prison at Maghaberry . The city is home to the Armagh Observatory , founded in 1790, and to the Armagh Planetarium , established in 1968 to complement the research work of the Observatory. The palace of the Archbishop of Armagh is now the local council offices and, along with the archbishop's private chapel, is open to the public. The Palace Stables heritage centre is a reconstructed stable block dating from
2990-551: The physically demanding environment of the Sicilian battlefield. Shortly after the beginning of the Italian campaign, Vokes temporarily took command of the 1st Canadian Division after its current General Officer Commanding (GOC), Major-General Simonds, fell ill, with Bert Hoffmeister taking over the 2nd Canadian Brigade. He soon became the division's permanent GOC and was promoted to the rank of major general on 1 November 1943. Vokes led
3055-597: The same time frame. Starting in 1939, the year World War II began in Europe, Vokes rapidly rose through the ranks of the Canadian General Staff. With the 1st Canadian Infantry Division , he served as Adjutant General, Assistant Quartermaster General, General Staff Officer, grade 1, and as Officer Commanding Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry . He proved to be an outstanding operational officer and in June 1942
3120-557: The same year. The Mall in Armagh has a long association with cricket , and is the location of the Armagh Cricket Club clubhouse. Armagh Athletics Club, which was founded in 1969, organises the annual Armagh International 5k Road Race . The race was first organised in 1980. Only people who are sufficiently notable to have individual entries on Misplaced Pages have been included in the list and, in each instance, their birth or residence has been verified by citations. Armagh has
3185-533: The settlers' property and set fire to the town. The parliamentary borough of Armagh was a two-seat constituency in the Irish House of Commons prior to 1801. It continued as a one-seat constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons from 1801 to 1885. It had a municipal corporation which was abolished under the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 . Armagh has been an educational centre since
3250-399: The site of an important church and monastery . According to tradition, Saint Patrick founded his main church there in the year 445, and it eventually became the head church of Ireland. Muirchú writes that a pagan chieftain named Dáire would not let Patrick build a church on the hill of Ard Mhacha, but instead gave him lower ground to the east. One day, Dáire's horses died after grazing on
3315-403: The time of Saint Patrick, and thus it has been referred to as "the city of saints and scholars". The educational tradition continued with the foundation of the Royal School in 1608, St Patrick's College in 1834 and the Armagh Observatory in 1790. The Observatory was part of Archbishop Lord Rokeby 's plan to have a university in the city. This ambition was finally fulfilled, albeit briefly, in
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#17328592420883380-792: The time. Vokes said that he had "no feeling of remorse over the elimination of Friesoythe." From June 1945 to May 1946 Vokes was the General Officer Commanding the Canadian Army Occupation Force in Europe. Returning to Canada, he commanded the Canadian Army's Central Command and then Western Command. He retired to Oakville, Ontario in 1959 and in 1985 published his memoirs, My Story . He died of cancer on 27 March 1985, aged 80. Armagh Armagh ( / ɑːr ˈ m ɑː / ar- MAH ; Irish : Ard Mhacha , IPA: [ˌaːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə] , " Macha 's height" )
3445-477: The town and used the rubble to make good the cratered local roads. After the war, he commanded the Canadian Army Occupation Force in Europe, before returning to Canada to undertake further command assignments. Vokes retired in 1959 and died in 1985 at the age of 80. Born in the town of Armagh , Ireland , on 13 April 1904, Vokes was the son of a British officer, Major Frederick Patrick Vokes, and Elizabeth Vokes. They came to Canada in 1910 and Vokes's father served as
3510-516: The town began to be settled by Protestants from Britain, as part of the Plantation of Ulster . During the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , many British settlers fled to Armagh cathedral for safety. After negotiations with the besieged settlers, Catholic rebels under Felim O'Neill occupied the town. In May 1642, following several rebel defeats and massacres by settlers elsewhere, the rebels in Armagh seized
3575-449: Was Minister for the Department for Regional Development , then MLA Danny Kennedy had indicated plans to restore the railway from Armagh station to Portadown. Armagh City Football Club , which plays in the NIFL Championship is the main association football club, and the City of Armagh Rugby Club is the local rugby club. Lisanally Rangers F.C. is another football team, playing in the Mid-Ulster Football League . Gaelic football
3640-431: Was a pagan sanctuary and the successor to Navan. Like Navan, it too was named after the goddess Macha : Ard Mhacha , meaning "Macha's height". This name was later anglicised as Ardmagh , which eventually became Armagh . Navan and Armagh were linked by an ancient road which passes over Mullacreevie hill. After Christianity spread to Ireland, the pagan sanctuary was converted into a Christian one, and Armagh became
3705-425: Was an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was one of the great royal sites of Gaelic Ireland and the capital of Ulster . It appears to have been largely abandoned after the 1st century. In the 3rd century, a ditch and bank was dug around the top of Cathedral Hill, the heart of what is now Armagh. Its circular shape matches the modern street layout. Evidence suggests that it
3770-402: Was attacked by Anglo-Normans led by Philip de Worcester in 1185 and by John de Courcy in 1189. It was also raided by Ruaidrí mac Duinn Sléibe of Ulaid in 1196 and 1199. Archbishop Máel Patraic Ua Scannail rebuilt Armagh cathedral in 1268 and founded a Franciscan friary, whose remains can still be seen. There was also a small Culdee community in Armagh until the 16th century. During
3835-407: Was built in 1815 as a two-storey five-bay building, and is currently used as a library. Armagh County Museum is the oldest county museum in Ireland. The building dates from 1833 and was originally a school house. It was opened as the County Museum in 1937. Armagh is within the civil parish of Armagh. Like the rest of Ireland, this parish is divided into townlands , whose names mostly come from
3900-446: Was constructed during the latter half of the 19th century and features twin 64 m (210 ft) spires , making it the tallest such structure in the county. Armagh is one of the few cities in the world that is home to two cathedrals of the same name. Armagh has a Georgian area of heritage importance. Perhaps one of the more well known of the buildings is the former women's prison. The construction of Armagh Gaol began in 1780 and
3965-420: Was deemed ineffective and unrepresentative of its population. From 1953, Armagh began to argue for the restoration of the status lost in 1840, with several applications to the Home Office being made. The council used the appellation "city" unofficially until 1994 when, at Queen Elizabeth's personal request, Armagh along with the Welsh town of St Davids was awarded the status. Charles, Prince of Wales during
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#17328592420884030-406: Was extended in the 1840s and 1850s. The front façade of the prison was built in the Georgian style, while the later development, based on the design of Pentonville (HM Prison) , is Victorian. For most of its working life it was a women's prison although not exclusively so. Armagh Gaol was the primary women's prison in Northern Ireland. In 1986 the prison closed and its prisoners were transferred to
4095-403: Was influential in the development of a "two-community" narrative in Ulster which was important in the Ulster Unionist campaign during the Home Rule Crisis . A blue plaque historical marker commemorating Rev. Patterson was erected on The Mall in 2019. Three brothers from Armagh died at the Battle of the Somme during World War I . None of the three has a known grave and all are commemorated on
4160-417: Was promoted to brigadier and put in charge of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade . The 2nd was one of three brigades forming part of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, with which he had served since 1939 and which was then commanded by Major-General George Pearkes until Major-General H. L. N. Salmon replaced him in September (although he, too, was replaced by Major-General Guy Simonds after being killed in
4225-459: Was seriously wounded in action and died in a field hospital on 4 September. From 1921 to 1925 Vokes attended the Royal Military College of Canada and was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Engineers . He then attended McGill University from 1926 to 1927 where he received a Bachelor of Science degree and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society . From 1934 to 1935 he attended Staff College, Camberley in England. While there he received
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