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77-477: The activities of Voina have ranged from street protest , symbolic pranks in public places, and performance-art happenings , to vandalism and destruction of public property . More than a dozen criminal cases have been brought against the group. On 7 April 2011 the group was awarded the "Innovation" prize in the category "Work of Visual Art", established by the Russian Ministry of Culture . Oleg Vorotnikov,

154-411: A DIY scavenging ethic and putatively "made the lifting of food and drink from supermarkets ...a form of art." Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and her husband Pyotr Verzilov were members of Voina since its early stages, and lived with the group as squatters in an automobile garage. However, they split from the original group in acrimonious circumstances in late 2009, forming their own group. Tolokonnikova

231-431: A chicken from the refrigerated section of the supermarket, then laboriously stuffed the entire chicken into her own vagina, while being filmed by other Voina members. She then shoplifted the chicken by leaving the supermarket without paying, with the chicken still inserted, and rejoined activists outside the store. The activists held signs spelling out the word "bezblyadno" , which translates roughly as "without whoring",

308-550: A Pig"). In Russian, the word musor (literally: 'garbage') is derogatory slang for "police officer", similar to the English "pig". The action consisted of female activists approaching and kissing policewomen without warning or consent; took place in the subway stations and on the streets. It was done as an anticipatory protest of the New Law on Police signed by President Medvedev, which went into effect on 1 March 2011. The group Pussy Riot

385-486: A common nonviolent tactic. They are thus one tactic available to proponents of strategic nonviolence . However, the reasons for avoiding the use of violence may also derive, not from a general doctrine of nonviolence or pacifism , but from considerations relating to the particular situation that is faced, including its legal, cultural and power-political dimensions: this has been the case in many campaigns of civil resistance . A common tactic used by nonviolent campaigners

462-401: A demonstration is targeted at issues relating to foreign nation , the demonstration may take place at a location associated with that nation, such as an embassy of the nation in question. While fixed demonstrations may take place in pedestrian zones , larger marches usually take place on roads. It may happen with or without an official authorisation. Protest marches and demonstrations are

539-577: A demonstration. Another common tactic is to infiltrate legitimate demonstrations in the attempt to stir widespread violence and rioting, seen most recently in a spring anti-Iraq war gathering in Vancouver, Canada. This has become so commonplace that sources within activist organizations have told STRATFOR they police their own demonstrations to prevent infiltration by fringe groups. Mat (Russian profanity) Mat ( Russian : мат ; матерщи́на / ма́терный язы́к , matershchina / materny yazyk )

616-573: A department store in Moscow. The title of the piece references the Decembrist revolt , an 1825 military uprising against Emperor Nicholas I of Russia . Some members of the group held a sign saying "Nobody gives a fuck about Pestel", a reference to the executed Decembrist leader Pavel Pestel . Later, in 2012, Putin used this action in his response to Angela Merkel's criticism on the Pussy Riot case. He accused

693-493: A designated endpoint, or rally , in order to hear speakers. It is different from mass meeting . Actions such as blockades and sit-ins may also be referred to as demonstrations. Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent (usually referred to by participants as " militant "), or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent depending on the circumstances. Sometimes riot police or other forms of law enforcement become involved. In some cases, this may be in order to try to prevent

770-517: A disused salt warehouse in Venice . On 24 September 2015, prominent member Leonid Nikolaev died after a fall while pruning trees. In September 2016 Oleg Vorotnikov stated (while he and his wife Natalia Sokol were seeking asylum in Czech Republic ) that he had become a supporter of President Vladimir Putin and his policies and entourage. He claimed he had a change of heart after he had concluded that

847-404: A form of activism , usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march . Thus, the opinion is demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion. Demonstrations can promote a viewpoint (either positive or negative) regarding a public issue, especially relating to a perceived grievance or social injustice . A demonstration

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924-475: A human pyramid, and recited Prigov poems. On 3 July 2008 Oleg Vorotnikov wore the robe of a Russian Orthodox priest and the hat of a police officer, entered a supermarket, then left without paying for a full cart of groceries, to demonstrate the "invulnerability" of these groups. On 7 September 2008, to protest homophobic and racist comments by Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov , Voina staged a mock-hanging of two homosexual men and three Central Asian guest workers in

1001-596: A lawful way to demonstrate. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically allows the freedom of assembly as part of a measure to facilitate the redress of such grievances. "Amendment I: Congress shall make no law ... abridging ... the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." A growing trend in the United States has been

1078-696: A licence from the authorities. Such laws include the Public Entertainment and Meetings Act and the Public Order Act. Under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 and the Terrorism Act 2006 , there are areas designated as 'protected sites' where people are not allowed to go. Previously, these were military bases and nuclear power stations, but the law changed in 2007 to include other, generally political areas, such as Downing Street ,

1155-401: A philosophy graduate from Moscow State University (MSU), is generally considered to be the founder of Voina. Activist Anton Kotenev goes so far as to say that "Voina is Vorotnikov". In 2005, Vorotnikov and Natalia Sokol , then a physics student at MSU, created the art group "Sokoleg", which focused mainly on large-scale photography. In the spring of 2006, they met with Anton Nikolaev, leader of

1232-452: A police paddy wagon vehicle was destroyed. On New Year's Eve a police station was broken into, and Molotov cocktails were used to destroy the vehicle. Voina spokesman Plutser-Sarno wrote in a statement: "Understand that this is not art, it is action which is beyond artistic. This will be our bonfire of the vanities ". On 12 July 2010, Yuri Samodurov and Andrei Erofeev, curators of the exhibition "Forbidden Art 2006", were being sentenced in

1309-569: A reference to the group's rejection of paid employment and preference for stealing food, and a pun on the word besplatno , "free (of charge)". (This stunt has sometimes been incorrectly attributed to Pussy Riot). On 20 September 2010, members of Voina overturned a police car by rocking it from side to side, on the pretext of retrieving a football for Vorotnikov and Sokol's son Kasper. In a more drastic and destructive turn of events, on 31 December 2011, Voina committed an arson attack in St. Petersburg, in which

1386-409: A separate group. The conflict later led to controversy over which faction should take credit for various artworks created under the name "Voina". Verzilov has continued to use the name "Voina" despite the objections of Vorotnikov and other Voina members. His group is sometimes referred to as the "Moscow faction" of Voina, however Vorotnikov rejects this terminology, and continues to allege that Verzilov

1463-512: A similar action on the Kyiv Metro. Voina came to widespread public attention with Fuck for the heir Puppy Bear! , staged on 29 February 2008, the day before the election of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev . Five couples had public sex in Moscow's Timiryazev State Museum of Biology. Two of the performers were Vera Kondakova and Alexandre Karpenko. While there were no immediate legal repercussions, several participants faced disciplinary action by

1540-508: A small amplifier which they had smuggled into the courtroom. The performance lasted less than two minutes as they were soon removed by security forces. A schism of the Voina collective into two groups occurred in connection with a performance-art action in November 2009. Tolokonnikova and Verzilov went to Kyiv , Ukraine, to assist in a performance by Ukrainian artist-activist Alexander Volodarsky. At

1617-442: A social group. No bail was allowed, and the trial was set for 28 February 2011. When bailed out from prison in late February 2011, Vorotnikov skipped on his bail and went into hiding. On 31 March 2011, Vorotnikov was arrested again in an unrelated incident, for assaulting a police officer at an unsanctioned political rally. Activists aligned with the group Strategy-31 were demonstrating in favor of proper enforcement of Article 31 of

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1694-623: A tactical choice by movements. They often form part of a larger campaign of nonviolent resistance , often also called civil resistance . Demonstrations are generally staged in public, but private demonstrations are certainly possible, especially if the demonstrators wish to influence the opinions of a small or very specific group of people. Demonstrations are usually physical gatherings, but virtual or online demonstrations are certainly possible. Topics of demonstrations often deal with political , economic , and social issues. Particularly with controversial issues, sometimes groups of people opposed to

1771-467: A vivid form of almost any emotion, ranging from sadness and annoyance ("Pizdets, my girlfriend cheated on me", or "Pizdets, I missed my flight"), to an expression of joy ("Pizdets, my son has just been born!") Yebát ' ( еба́ть ; ебать ) means "to fuck (somebody)". This verb expresses a unilateral action and always requires (or implies) a direct object . The mutual action expressed in English with verbs "to copulate", "to have intercourse"

1848-687: Is a police provocateur . Verzilov considers himself to be a co-founder of Voina, and therefore entitled to continue to use the name. He rejects the allegations that he is a police informant but offers no further explanation. During the night of 14 June 2010, Voina painted a giant 65 m long phallus on the surface of the Liteyny drawbridge leading to the Bolshoy Dom , headquarters of the Federal Security Service in Saint Petersburg . This painting

1925-522: Is also used in humor or puns by juxtaposing innocent words so that the result will sound as if an obscene word was used. An example is a Don Cossack song cited in And Quiet Flows the Don by Mikhail Sholokhov : Here "Уху я варила" ("I cooked the fish stew ") may be reinterpreted as "У хуя варила" ("Cooked near the dick") or even "Ух, хуй я варила" ("Ooh, I cooked a dick"). The contemporaneous use of mat

2002-435: Is essentially individual, it is by its nature collective… like sex it implies some physical action—marching, chanting slogans, singing—through which the merger of the individual in the mass, which is the essence of the collective experience, finds expression. There are many types of demonstrations, including a variety of elements. These may include: Demonstrations are sometimes spontaneous gatherings, but are also utilized as

2079-583: Is granted by art. 5th, item XVI, of the Constitution of Brazil (1988). Freedom of assembly in the Russian Federation is granted by Art. 31 of the Constitution adopted in 1993: Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to gather peacefully, without weapons, and to hold meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and pickets . Demonstrations and protests are further regulated by

2156-424: Is rendered in mat by the reciprocal form of the verb, yebát ' sya ( еба́ться ): "to fuck each other". Historically, women have been perceived as sexually submissive, so the verb mostly refers to an action of a man. In modern times it may refer to a woman's action, in contexts when she initiates (or plans to initiate) the intercourse or plays an active role. See the wiktionary entry for some figurative uses of

2233-625: Is the "dilemma demonstration." Activist trainer Daniel Hunter describes this term as covering "actions that force the target to either let you do what you want, or be shown as unreasonable as they stop you from doing it". A study by Srdja Popovic and Sophia McClennen won the 2020 Brown Democracy Medal for its examination of 44 examples of dilemma demonstrations and the ways in which they were used to achieve goals within civil resistance campaigns. Some demonstrations and protests can turn, at least partially, into riots or mob violence against objects such as automobiles and businesses , bystanders and

2310-556: Is the term for vulgar , obscene , or profane language in Russian and some other Slavic language communities. In 2013, Roskomnadzor compiled a list of four lexical roots, with any words derived from these roots - nouns, adjectives, verbs, participles etc - of the Russian language which it deemed "absolutely unacceptable in the mass media ": khuy ("cock"); pizda ("cunt"); yebat' ("to fuck"); and blyad ("whore"). Roskomnadzor defined

2387-464: Is unsure as well. Obscenities are among the earliest recorded attestations of the Russian language (the first written mat words date to the early Middle Ages ). Mikhail Lermontov 's 1834 "A Holiday in Peterhof" ( "Петергофский праздник" ) is one example of the usage of mat . And so I will not pay you: However, if you are a simple whore You should consider it an honor To be acquainted with

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2464-434: Is usually considered more successful if more people participate. Research shows that anti-government demonstrations occur more frequently in affluent countries than in poor ones. Historian Eric Hobsbawm wrote of demonstrations: Next to sex, the activity combining bodily experience and intense emotion to the highest degree is the participation in a mass demonstration at a time of great public exaltation. Unlike sex, which

2541-411: Is widespread, especially in the army, police, blue-collar workers, the criminal world, and many other all-male milieus, with particular fervor in the male-dominated military and the structurally similar social strata. An article by Victor Erofeyev (translated by Andrew Bromfeld) analyzing the history , overtones, and sociology of mat appeared in the 15 September 2003 issue of The New Yorker . In

2618-545: The Palace of Westminster , and the headquarters of MI5 and MI6 . Previously, trespassers to these areas could not be arrested if they had not committed another crime and agreed to be escorted out, but this will change following amendments to the law. Human rights groups fear the powers could hinder peaceful protest. Nick Clegg , the then Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said: "I am not aware of vast troops of trespassers wanting to invade MI5 or MI6, still less running

2695-459: The Soviet Union and Argentina , among other nations, have had government-organized demonstrations. Sometimes the date or location chosen for the demonstration is of historical or cultural significance, such as the anniversary of some event that is relevant to the topic of the demonstration. Locations are also frequently chosen because of some relevance to the issue at hand. For example, if

2772-630: The United Nations special rapporteur on the right of peaceful assembly and association. In 2019, its report expressed alarm at the restrictions on the freedom of peaceful assembly: The Special Rapporteur has expressed concern regarding laws adopted in many countries that impose harsh restrictions on assemblies, including provisions relating to blanket bans, geographical restrictions, mandatory notifications and authorizations. [...] The need for prior authorization in order to hold peaceful protests [is] contrary to international law [...]. A report released by

2849-632: The Verkhovna Rada building , house of the Ukrainian Parliament , Volodarsky and his girlfriend were arrested for stripping naked and simulating public sex. As a result, Volodarsky served six weeks in police detention, and a six-month sentence in a penal colony. According to other members, the reason for the split of Voina into two factions was that Tolokonnikova and Verzilov had turned police informant against Volodarsky, then had stolen Volodarsky's personal items, laptop computer, and money, while he

2926-431: The police . Police and military authorities often use non-lethal force or less-lethal weapons, such as tasers , rubber bullets , pepper spray , and tear gas against demonstrators in these situations. Sometimes violent situations are caused by the preemptive or offensive use of these weapons which can provoke, destabilize, or escalate a conflict. As a known tool to prevent the infiltration by agents provocateurs ,

3003-413: The 18th century: Hear ye, matrons and widows fair, Young girls with pussy still untouched! Let me tell you up front A few words about fucking О вы, замужние, о вдовы, О девки с целкой наотлёт! Позвольте мне вам наперёд Сказать о ебле два-три слова.  O vy, zamuzhnie, o vdovy, O devki s tselkoy naotlyot! Pozvol'te mne vam naperyod Skazat' o yeble dva-tri slova. Mat

3080-818: The 3rd and 4th editions of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language , which was printed four times in 1903–1909 (twice) and in 1911–1912, 1912–1914. The inclusion of rude and abusive words became an obstacle to the reprinting of this version of the dictionary in the Soviet Union for censorship reasons. Khuy ( хуй ; хуй ), often also written in Latin as "hui" or even "hooy" by Russian schoolchildren/beginners in their English studies, means "cock", " penis ", or for an equivalent colloquial register: " dick ". The etymology of

3157-425: The 400,000 rubles state award "Innovation" as a gift to the human rights organisation Agora to help political prisoners. Some time in late 2012 or early 2013, Vorotnikov, Sokol and their two children fled Russia for Italy, despite their outstanding Interpol arrest warrant. On 10 January 2013 a video was uploaded to YouTube showing Vorotnikov apparently giving a lecture at Sale , an independent art gallery based in

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3234-517: The Federal Law of the Russian Federation No.54-FZ " On Meetings, Rallies, Demonstrations, Marches and Pickets ". If the assembly in public is expected to involve more than one participant, its organisers are obliged to notify executive or local self-government authorities of the upcoming event few days in advance in writing. However, legislation does not foresee an authorisation procedure, hence

3311-520: The Human Rights Law Centre in 2024 states that based on British common law, " Australian courts regard [the right to assembly] as a core part of a democratic system of government. " However, there are a number of limitations placed on demonstrations and protest under state, territory and federal legislation, with forty-nine laws introduced regarding them since 2004. Freedom of assembly in Brazil

3388-498: The Russian constitution, which guarantees the right to peaceful assembly. The demonstration turned into an ugly confrontation, after activists doused police officers with bottles containing their own urine. Vorotnikov was detained and released. However, an international warrant was later issued for his re-arrest, in July 2011. Nikolayev, Vorotnikov, and a third Voina member, Natalya Sokol, allege to have been attacked by plainclothes members of

3465-481: The Tagansky Courthouse, Moscow, on charges of "inciting religious hatred". The conservative Orthodox group "People's Synod" had objected to exhibits which depicted Mickey Mouse and Lenin as Jesus Christ . Members of Voina entered the court building, intending to release approximately 3500 live Madagascan giant cockroaches . It is not clear to what extent they succeeded. The process of raising and collecting

3542-613: The action itself, only in Plutser-Sarno's blog post, Plutser-Sarno himself being Jewish. On the night of 6–7 November 2008, Voina gained access to a room in the attic of the Hotel Ukraina , across from the Russian White House building, seat of the Government of the Russian Federation . Using subterfuge, they brought an enormous laser projector into the hotel. They became trapped with the projector in an elevator, but broke through

3619-450: The aims of a demonstration may themselves launch a counter-demonstration with the aim of opposing the demonstrators and presenting their view. Clashes between demonstrators and counter-demonstrators may turn violent. Government-organized demonstrations are demonstrations which are organized by a government. The Islamic Republic of Iran , the People's Republic of China , Republic of Cuba ,

3696-474: The anti-extremism police in St. Petersburg. The beating followed a press conference where Voina discussed the conditions of their detention. They have been living as fugitives in the St. Petersburg area, and have attempted to evade police by frequently changing location. On 7 April 2011 the group was awarded the "Innovation" prize in the category "Work of Visual Art", established by the Ministry of Culture. The award

3773-495: The art group "Bombily", with whom they began to collaborate. ( Bombila is Russian slang for an unlicensed taxi driver, usually of Caucasian origin, who drives a " bomb "). The combined group was based at the studio of performance artist Oleg Kulik . In early 2007, the more radical and politically minded members of the project created Voina, led by Vorotnikov, also known as Vor ("Thief"), and his wife Natalia Sokol, also known as Kozol , Koza or Kozlyonok ("Little She-Goat"). It

3850-512: The artists. They have also been denounced by right-wing groups such as the "People's Synod". On 1 May 2007, Voina staged a celebration of International Workers' Day , entitled Mordovian Hour, by throwing live cats over the counters at the McDonald's restaurant at Serpukhovskaya, Moscow, "to break up the drudgery of workers' routine day". This was a combined project with the Bombily art group. The action

3927-588: The authorities have no right to prohibit an assembly or change its place unless it threatens the security of participants or is planned to take place near hazardous facilities, important railways , viaducts , pipelines , high voltage electric power lines , prisons , courts , presidential residences or in the border control zone. The right to gather can also be restricted in close proximity of cultural and historical monuments. Public demonstrations in Singapore are not common, in part because cause-related events require

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4004-478: The banned terms as follows: "Obscene designation of the male genital organ, obscene designation of the female genital organ, obscene designation of the process of copulation and obscene designation of a woman of dissolute behavior, as well as all linguistic units derived from these words". David Remnick writes that mat has thousands of variations but ultimately centers on those four words. Mat-words were included by Polish publisher Jan Baudouin de Courtenay in

4081-435: The cadet's dick ! Итак, тебе не заплачу я: Но если ты простая блядь , То знай: за честь должна считать Знакомство юнкерского хуя ! Iták, tebé ne zaplachú ya: No yésli ty prostáya blyad' , To znay: za chest' dolzhná schitát' Znakómstvo yúnkerskogo khúya ! The prologue to Luka Mudishchev , probably written at some time in the mid 19th century, was often ascribed to Ivan Barkov , an obscene poet who lived in

4158-490: The ceiling, and disabled its door mechanism. The equipment was used to project a skull and crossbones , 12 stories tall, onto the facade of the White House building. Meanwhile, other activists staged a "storming" of the building, by scaling the 8-meter iron gates in front of it. On 28 December 2008, members of Voina welded shut the entrance doors of the restaurant Oprichnik, using an acetylene torch and metal sheets. A message

4235-621: The context of the Russo-Ukrainian War , two mat phrases were popularized internationally: " Putin khuylo! " and " Русский военный корабль, иди нахуй " ("Russian warship, go fuck yourself"), as expressions of the Ukrainian defiance. In 2013 mat has been banned in Russia in all mass media , printed and electronic. Since July 1, 2014, mat has been banned in Russia from all movies, theatrical productions, and concerts. In modern Russia, since

4312-489: The expression "fucking shit". The term is popular in the Counter-Strike video game community in the stylized form of "rush B, cyka blyat". Some claim that the term mat derives from the Russian word for mother, a component of the key phrase "Ёб твою мать", "yob tvoyu mat ' " (fuck your mother). However there is a Russian expression "благим матом" ( blagim matom ) which has no relation to obscenities, and whose etymology

4389-695: The gauntlet of security checks in Whitehall and Westminster to make a point. It's a sledgehammer to crack a nut." Liberty , the civil liberties pressure group, said the measure was "excessive". One of the biggest demonstration in the UK was the people vote march, on 19 October 2019, with around 1 million demonstrators related to the Brexit . In 2021, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled that blocking roads can be

4466-543: The implementation of " free speech zones ", or fenced-in areas which are often far-removed from the event which is being protested; critics of free-speech zones argue that they go against the First Amendment of the United States Constitution by their very nature, and that they lessen the impact the demonstration might otherwise have had. In many areas it is required to get permission from the government to hold

4543-419: The leaders of the 2011–13 anti-Putin demonstrations "should not be allowed anywhere near politics". Street protest A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at

4620-469: The organizers of large or controversial assemblies may deploy and coordinate demonstration marshals , also called stewards. The right to demonstrate peacefully is guaranteed by international conventions, in particular by the articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( right of peaceful assembly and right of association ). Its implementation is monitored by

4697-506: The participants of "anti-Semitism" and claimed that they "said that we need to get rid of such people in Moscow". Writing at the Echo of Moscow website, gay activist Oleg Vasilyev identified himself as the Jewish man who was mock-executed. He flatly rejected Putin's version of events, saying that "practically everything about this statement is untrue". He also said that Jews were not even mentioned during

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4774-405: The philosophy department of Moscow University . Alexei Plutser-Sarno, a linguist and author of a dictionary of Russian Mat (profanity) participated in this action in a minor capacity, and wrote about it in a detailed if somewhat fanciful blog post. Although he criticised the action for its lack of originality (similar actions had previously been staged by other Russian performance art groups), he

4851-475: The protest from taking place at all. In other cases, it may be to prevent clashes between rival groups, or to prevent a demonstration from spreading and turning into a riot . The term has been in use since the mid-19th century, as was the term " monster meeting ", which was coined initially with reference to the huge assemblies of protesters inspired by Daniel O'Connell (1775–1847) in Ireland. Demonstrations are

4928-492: The roaches is documented, but no photographic evidence from inside the courthouse has been released. Activist Yekaterina Samutsevich, among those who planned to infiltrate the court with insects, was later prosecuted in the same courtroom, before being sentenced to probation in the Pussy Riot trial. In January and February 2011, Voina enacted a series of provocations in Moscow public areas, entitled Operation: Kiss Garbage ( Russian : "Лобзай мусора" , roughly translated as "Kiss

5005-462: The stem хуй ( khuy ), numbering over 500 entries; 12 volumes are planned. The word khuy also appears in various other Slavic languages with the same meaning and pronunciation but not always the same spelling, such as the Polish chuj . Pizdá ( пизда́ ; пизда ) means " cunt ". A derivative of this word is the interjection pizdets . This word, depending on the situation, can express

5082-476: The term is unclear. Mainstream theories include from Proto-Indo European (PIE) * ks-u- , related to хвоя ( khvoya , "pine needles"), attributed to Pederson, 1908. From PIE *hau-, related to хвост ( khvost , "tail"), attributed to Merlingen, 1955; from Mongolian хуй ( khui , meaning "sheath" or "scabbard"). This was the etymology endorsed by the Soviet government and attributed to Maxim Gorky , who claimed it

5159-662: The word. Blyád' ( блядь ; блядь ) means " whore ". In the Old East Slavic the word блѧдь (блядь in modern orthography) – blyad , meaning: "deception, nonsense, insane, adulteress", is preserved in the Church Slavonic in three meanings: "deception, delusion", "idle talk, trivia" and "debauchery, adultery". To enhance the expressivity, the word may be combined with the non- mat insult "suka" ( сука , bitch ) to form "suka, blyád" (сука, блядь) especially among Internet users and memes, an approximate analogue for

5236-639: Was a loan word, imposed during the Mongol yoke . Alexander Gorokhovski suggests the derivation from the Latin huic (lit. "for that" , used on prescriptions for genital diseases) as a euphemism , because the old Russian "ud/uda" (from PIE root * ud- meaning "up, out" ) became taboo in the mid-18th century. The first volume of the Great Dictionary of Mat by the Russian linguist and folklorist Aleksey Plutser-Sarno  [ ru ] treats only expressions with

5313-521: Was entitled Giant Galactic Space Penis . The group studied traffic patterns at the bridge, and practiced coordinated actions for two weeks beforehand, in a parking lot, because they would have only 30 seconds to complete the painting before the drawbridge was raised. On 20 July 2010, Voina staged one of their more notorious actions in the Nakhodka supermarket in St. Petersburg. A female Voina activist nicknamed "Vacuous Cunt With Inconceivably Huge Tits" removed

5390-569: Was formed in August 2011, and included Nadezhda Tolokonnikova , Pyotr Verzilov , and Yekaterina Samutsevich , members of the Moscow faction of Voina. On 15 November 2010, Leonid Nikolayev and Oleg Vorotnikov were arrested for overturning seven empty police cars as an art performance act, Palace Revolution . The official charges were violations of Article 213, Paragraph 1, Item B of the Criminal Code – hooliganism motivated by hatred or hostility towards

5467-460: Was founded on a radical left agenda "because the left spectrum is generally absent in Russian art". Other key members include Leonid Nikolayev ( Lyonya Yobnuty , "Crazy Lenya" or "Leo the Fucknut") and Alexei Plutser-Sarno ( Plut , "Crook"), chief author of the group's media art and texts. The collective had no income, philosophically rejected salaried employment and the use of money. Its members lived

5544-489: Was given for the phallus on Foundry Bridge in St. Petersburg, drawn on the night of 15 June 2010. When the bridge opened the 65-meter long penis faced the St. Petersburg FSB (former KGB headquarters). The prize was 400,000 roubles (approx €10,000). The participants of the art group did not attend the prize giving. Leonid Nikolayev and Oleg Vorotnikov explained this action by the fact that their work does not require formal approval. On 1 July 2011, it became known they gave

5621-515: Was in detention. Several years later, Volodarsky said the sex performance in Kyiv was a botched operation, rather than a betrayal, and described himself as "a bargaining chip in a factional conflict". However, the original Voina group also contend that Verzilov later stole hard disk drives, photographs, and other materials from them, for the purpose of self-promotion. In December 2009, Tolokonnikova and Verzilov were expelled and moved elsewhere, to re-organize

5698-466: Was later jailed for her role in the Pussy Riot "punk prayer" at Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Saviour . In late February 2011, activists Oleg Vorotnikov and Leonid Nikolayev were released on bail after four months in Moscow police custody, in connection with an anti-corruption protest. They faced up to seven years of prison. In response to the detention, graffiti artist Banksy helped to raise money for

5775-536: Was left at the scene: "For the security of our citizens, the doors of the elite club Oprichnik have been reinforced". In May 2009, Voina members interrupted a courtroom hearing for the director of the Andrei Sakharov Museum and Public Center, which was being held in Moscow. They billed themselves as a punk band called "Dick in the Ass" and performed a song, "All Cops are Bаstards, Remember This", using instruments and

5852-453: Was soon accepted as a full member of Voina, becoming their chief "media officer" and documenting the group's activities on his blog. On 6 May 2008 Voina activists, entered a small police station in Bolshevo near Moscow. They hung a portrait of Dmitri Medvedev on the prison bars, and hung posters with phrases such as "Kill the immigrants" and "Abandon hope all ye who enter here". They then formed

5929-433: Was witnessed by two plain-clothes police, who arrested Pyotr Verzilov and kept two cats as evidence. Charges against Verzilov were eventually dropped. On 24 August 2007, Voina conducted a wake for absurdist poet Dmitry Prigov , featuring a table with food and vodka , in a Moscow Metro car. Originally, they had planned an action involving Prigov but he died before they were able to implement it. They later carried out

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